Goliath transmitter
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Goliath transmitter was a very low frequency (VLF) transmitter for communicating with submarines, built by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine navy near Kalbe an der Milde in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, which was in service from 1943 to 1945. It was capable of transmission power of between 100 and 1000 kW and was the most powerful transmitter of its time.[1][2]
History
Submarines are shielded by conducting seawater from ordinary radio communication frequencies, but radio waves in the very low frequency (VLF) band from 3 to 30 kHz can penetrate seawater to depths of about Template:Cvt, allowing submarines to receive communications without surfacing and becoming vulnerable to detection. From 1943 to the end of World War II, Goliath was the main radio transmitter for German submarine radio communications, operating on frequencies between 15 and 25 kHz with a main working frequency of 16.55 kHz (a wavelength of 18,114 metres). Transmitting up to 1 megawatt of power, Goliath's transmissions could be received worldwide including submerged submarines in the Caribbean, but had difficulty penetrating Norwegian fjords.[3][4][5]
Technical characteristics
Goliath used three umbrella antennas, which were arranged radially around three Template:Cvt tall guyed steel tube masts and were insulated against the ground. At their edges, these antennas were mounted on grounded Template:Cvt tall guyed lattice steel masts. Three of these masts carried two umbrella antennas to comprise 15 lattice steel masts.[6]
Legacy of Goliath after 1945
Shortly after World War II, the Goliath transmitter buildings and antennas were reportedly dismantled by the Soviet Union. Today only a large mast base remains of the original installation.[7]
According to the interview given in 2007 by the commander of the present-day Goliath facility in Russia, Captain 1st Rank Yuri Gorev, to the Nizhny Novgorod edition of Argumenty i Fakty,[8] Goliath was rebuilt between 1949 and 1952 in the Kudma River valley, in the southern suburbs of Nizhny Novgorod (Kstovsky District; Script error: No such module "Coordinates".). Since then, the station has been transmitting commands and time signals RJH90[9] for the Russian Navy. Since the 1960s, it has also participated in tracking spacecraft. The nearby settlement for the staff of the facility is known under the name Druzhniy.
The antenna system of Vileyka VLF transmitter greatly resembles that of Goliath, but all its masts are about 100 metres (300 feet) taller.[10]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ http://uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=35 UBoat.net
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Goliath Long-Wave Truss Masts at StructuraeTemplate:EditAtWikidataTemplate:WikidataCheck
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The naval "Goliath" (Морской "Голиаф"), Argumenty i Fakty Nizhny Novgorod (АиФ Нижний Новгород), No. 36, 05-Sep-2007 Template:In lang
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
External links
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- Goliath Long-Wave Truss Masts at StructuraeTemplate:EditAtWikidataTemplate:WikidataCheck
- Goliath Long-Wave Tube Masts at StructuraeTemplate:EditAtWikidataTemplate:WikidataCheck
- http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b60795
- http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b60797
- Kalbe at Google Maps
- Druzhny at Google Maps
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- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- 1943 establishments in Germany
- 1945 disestablishments in Germany
- Buildings and structures in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
- Communications in the Soviet Union
- Former radio masts and towers
- Military radio systems
- Radio masts and towers in Germany
- Relocated buildings and structures in Germany
- Signals intelligence of World War II
- Towers completed in 1943