Goilalan languages
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The Goilalan or Wharton Range languages are a language family spoken around the Wharton Range in the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages by Stephen Wurm (1975), but only tentatively retained there in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005) and removed entirely by Timothy Usher (2020).[1]
Languages
The languages are,[1]
The languages are clearly related, especially northern Biagai, Kunimaipa, and Weri, which might be considered divergent dialects.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Pronouns
Pronouns are:
- Northern: Template:Gcl ne, Template:Gcl ni, Template:Gcl pi
- Tauade/Fuyug: Template:Gcl na, Template:Gcl nu
Tauade also has the possessive pronouns Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"..
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1973, 1975, 1980), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[2]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ʒuvalo, kupal'iai for “two”) or not (e.g. gadolo, kepapaí for “ear”). Notice the very low number of cognate pairs.
gloss Fuyug Tauade head hul ha; ondobe kɔrɔtɔ hair are; hul haluma awutu ear gadolo kepapaí eye hul li; im tavai nose hul hunga; unge kiːtʰ tooth hul usi nɔtɔvai tongue hul asese aivi leg soga lɔ'vai louse hi dautʰ dog ho; oi kɔveřa pig ovo pɔřu bird nemba; nembe kide egg hulombo mutuwu blood tana il'iví bone hude keniví skin hul hoda; ode kɔtipai breast hul duda data tree i'i eata man a'a; an baře woman amu; amuri iva sun evuli vatava moon hama ɔne water ʒu ipi fire oki e'na·m stone zo evi'ti road, path enamba; inambe bɔřiƀařa name ifa ape'te eat huni nene ɔmei nai one fida kɔne two ʒuvalo kupal'iai
Evolution
Fuyuge reflexes of purported proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[3]
- baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
- sabe ‘saliva’ < *si(mb,p)at
- magata ‘mouth, jaw’ < *maŋgat[a]
- mele-pila ‘tongue’ < *mele-mbilaŋ
- imu ‘eye’ < *(ŋg,k)amu
- ije ‘tree’ < *inda
References
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- ↑ a b NewGuineaWorld - Wharton Range
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Template:Trans–New Guinea languages Template:Papuan languages Template:Language families