Gilead
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "For". Template:Infobox landform Gilead or Gilad (Template:IPAc-en, Template:IPAc-en;[1][2] Template:Langx Gilʿāḏ, Template:Langx, Jalʻād) is the ancient, historic, biblical name of the mountainous northern part of the region of Transjordan, present-day Jordan.[3] The region is bounded in the west by the Jordan River, in the north by the deep ravine of the river Yarmouk and the region of Bashan, and in the southwest by what were known during antiquity as the "plains of Moab", with no definite boundary to the east. In some cases, "Gilead" is used in the Bible to refer to all the region east of the Jordan River.[4] Gilead is situated in modern-day Jordan, corresponding roughly to the Irbid, Ajloun, Jerash and Balqa Governorates.
Etymology
Gilead is explained in the Hebrew Bible as derived from the Hebrew words <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גלעד Script error: No such module "Lang"., which in turn comes from Script error: No such module "Lang". ('heap, mound, hill') and Script error: No such module "Lang". ('witness, testimony').[5] If that is the case, Gilead means 'heap [of stones] of testimony'. There is also an alternative theory that it means 'rocky region'.[6]
From its mountainous character, it is called the Mount of Gilead (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".). It is called also the Land of Gilead (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".) in many translations, and sometimes simply Gilead (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".), also mentioned in Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"..
History
Hebrew Bible
The name Gilead first appears in the biblical account of the last meeting of Jacob and Laban (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".). In Book of Genesis, Gilead was also referred to by the Aramaic name Yegar-Sahadutha, which carries the same meaning as the Hebrew Gilead, namely "heap [of stones] of testimony" (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".).[7][3]
According to the biblical narrative, during the Exodus, "half Gilead" was possessed by Sihon, and the other half, separated from it by the river Jabbok, by Og, king of Bashan. After the two kings were defeated, the region of Gilead was allotted by Moses to the tribes of Gad, Reuben, and the eastern half of Manasseh (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".).
In the Book of Judges, the thirty sons of the biblical judge Jair controlled the thirty towns of Gilead (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".), and in the First Book of Chronicles, Segub controlled twenty-three towns in Gilead (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".). It was bounded on the north by Bashan, and on the south by Moab and Ammon (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".).
"Gilead" mentioned in the Book of Hosea may refer to the cities of Ramoth-Gilead, Jabesh-Gilead, or the whole Gilead region; "Gilead is a city of those who work iniquity; it is stained with blood" (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".).
The kingdoms Ammon and Moab sometimes expanded to include southern Gilead. King David fled to Mahanaim in Gilead during the rebellion of Absalom. Gilead is later mentioned as the homeplace of the prophet Elijah.
Neo-Assyrian province
King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria established the province of Gal'azu (Gilead) c. 733 BCE.[8]
Arabic
Gilead (Template:Langx, Ǧalʻād or Jalaad) is an Arabic term used to refer to the mountainous land extending north and south of Jabbok. It was used more generally for the entire region east of the Jordan River. It corresponds today to the northwestern part of the Kingdom of Jordan. The region appears in the ancient Safaitic inscriptions.[9]
See also
- Balm of Gilead
- Machir
- Machir (tribal group)
- Shibboleth
- Tribe of Manasseh
- Perea
- Balqa
- Republic of Gilead
References
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- ↑ Template:Cite EPD
- ↑ Template:Cite LPD
- ↑ a b Easton's Bible Dictionary, Galeed
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Hebrew Dictionary, Strong's Concordance of the Bible, reference #5707
- ↑ Smith's Bible Dictionary, "Gil'e-ad"
- ↑ Bible Atlas, Jegar-sahadutha (Ramoth-gilead).
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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