German submarine U-404

<th colspan="2" >Service record

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German submarine U-404 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

She was laid down at the Danziger Werft in the city of the same name on 4 June 1940 as yard number 105, launched a year later on 4 June 1941 and was commissioned on 6 August 1941, with Kapitänleutnant Otto von Bülow in command.

The boat commenced her career with the 6th U-boat Flotilla, a training organization on 6 August 1941, before moving on to operations on 1 October 1941. U-404 carried out seven combat patrols, sinking 14 merchantmen and one warship for a total of over Template:GRT and 1,120 tons during the Second World War. She also damaged two other ships. The submarine was a member of 13 wolfpacks and was visually identifiable by the particular paint scheme consisting of a prow of a Viking longboat painted in red paint on either side of the conning tower.

For his numerous successes, von Bülow received the Knight's Cross.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-404 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged.Template:Sfn She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .Template:Sfn

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of .Template:Sfn When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-404 was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.Template:Sfn

Service history

First and second patrols

No ships were sunk during her first patrol which lasted from 17 January to 1 February 1942. U-404 sailed from the German port of Kiel; the only excitement she encountered was when a periscope was damaged in an air attack. The submarine sailed into Lorient in France, after 16 otherwise uneventful days.

On her second patrol, when she departed Lorient on 14 February 1942, U-404 had more success, sinking three ships off the eastern American coast. One of them, Lemuel Burrows, was close enough to land when she was sunk that the second engineer, who survived, reported that "the lights of a New Jersey beach resort doomed his vessel and that they would continue [the German U-boats] to cause daily torpedoings until a blackout is ordered along the coast." This situation was repeated many times due to American unpreparedness so soon after that country's entry into the war. Another was the unescorted sailing from Baltimore, Maryland, bound for the UK via Halifax, Nova Scotia with a cargo of 4,000 tons of alcohol and 7,000 tons of aviation spirit. She was northwest of Cape Charles, Virginia when torpedoed by U-404 on 17 March. 16 crew and three DEMS gunners were lost and six crew wounded but survivors managed to launch two lifeboats. Two days later the US tanker Beta rescued the Master, 26 crew and five DEMS gunners and took them to Norfolk, Virginia. The Master of San Demetrio was awarded a Lloyd's War Medal.

U-404 returned to Brest, also in France, on 4 April 1942.

Third and fourth patrols

The achievements of her second patrol was repeated on her third, with the Operation Drumbeat submarine accounting for another four ships off the American coast in June 1942: The Yugoslavian Ljubica Matokovic on June 24, Manuda (United States) and Nordal (Panama) on the 25th, and Moldanger (Norway) on the 27th. This time she returned to St. Nazaire.

For her fourth sortie, she left St. Nazaire on 23 August 1942 and returned on 13 October, having spent 52 days at sea and sinking three more ships, including the W-Class Destroyer HMS Veteran in mid-Atlantic.

Fifth and sixth patrols

It was a different story on her fifth patrol; she spent 44 fruitless days looking for targets, having departed St. Nazaire on 21 December 1942, returning on 6 February 1943.

Her sixth foray was better, she sank three ships, totaling Template:GRT.

On 25 April 1943, German radio erroneously broadcast that U-404 had torpedoed and sunk the aircraft carrier USS Ranger in the North Atlantic. No such sinking ever occurred; Ranger would survive the war and was sold for scrap in 1946.

Seventh patrol and loss

U-404 left St. Nazaire with a new commander on 24 July 1943. Four days later, she was sent to the bottom with all hands, at position , due to the efforts and depth charges of three Liberator aircraft, two American and one British. They did not emerge from the action unscathed; all three planes lost an engine due to the accurate anti-aircraft fire from the U-boat.

Wolfpacks

U-404 took part in 13 wolfpacks, namely:

• Schlei (21 – 24 January 1942)
• Hecht (8 – 11 May 1942)
• Pfadfinder (23 – 27 May 1942)
• Stier (29 August – 2 September 1942)
• Vorwärts (2 – 26 September 1942)
• Luchs (27 – 29 September 1942)
• Letzte Ritter (29 September – 1 October 1942)
• Falke (28 December 1942 – 19 January 1943)
• Landsknecht (19 – 28 January 1943)
• Without name (27 – 30 March 1943)
• Adler (7 – 13 April 1943)
• Meise (13 – 20 April 1943)
• Specht (21 – 25 April 1943)

Summary of raiding history

Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage	Fate
5 March 1942	Collamer	United States	5,112	Sunk
13 March 1942	Tolten	Chile	1,858	Sunk
14 March 1942	Lemuel Burrows	United States	7,610	Sunk
17 March 1942		United Kingdom	8,073	Sunk
30 May 1942	Aloca Shipper	United States	5,491	Sunk
1 June 1942	West Notus	United States	5,492	Sunk
3 June 1942	Anna	Sweden	1,345	Sunk
24 June 1942	Ljubica Matokovic	Template:Flagcountry	3,289	Sunk
25 June 1942	Manuda	United States	4,772	sunk
25 June 1942	Nordal	Panama	3,845	sunk
27 June 1942	Moldanger	Norway	6,827	Sunk
11 September 1942	Marit II	Norway	7,417	Damaged
12 September 1942	Daghild	Norway	9,272	Damaged
26 September 1942		Template:Navy/core	1,120	Sunk
29 March 1943	Nagara	United Kingdom	8,791	Sunk
30 March 1943	Empire Bowman	United Kingdom	7,031	Sunk
12 April 1943	Lancastrian Prince	United Kingdom	1,914	Sunk