Geography of Montenegro
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Montenegro (Template:Langx; Template:Lit.) is a small, mountainous country in Southeast Europe. It borders Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania and the Adriatic Sea. While being a small country at Script error: No such module "convert"., it is very diverse regarding the terrain configuration.[1] Montenegro has 50 peaks of over Script error: No such module "convert". in altitude.
Terrain
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Terrain in Montenegro ranges from high mountains in the northern part of the country, through karst segment in central and western part, to almost Script error: No such module "convert". of a narrow coastal plain. The coastal plain disappears completely in the north, where Mount Lovćen and other mountain ranges plunge abruptly into the inlet of the Gulf of Kotor. The coastal region is noted for active seismicity.[2]
Montenegro's section of the karst lies generally at elevations of Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level-although some areas rise to Script error: No such module "convert".. The lowest segment is in the valley of the Zeta River, which flows at an elevation ranging from Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert".. The river occupies the centre of Nikšić field, a flat-floored, elongated depression typical of karstic regions. The underlying rock is predominantly limestone, which dissolves to form sinkholes and caves. The longest cave in Montenegro is Vražji firovi – 10,5 km long cave north-east from Berane, and the deepest sinkhole is Željezna jama −1027 m on mount Maganik.[3]
The Zeta River Valley, or Bjelopavlići plain, merges in the southeast with the second significant flat lowland in Montenegro, the Zeta plain. Zeta plain stretches north of the Lake Scutari at elevation of Script error: No such module "convert".. The two plains are today the most densely populated areas of Montenegro, housing the two biggest Montenegrin cities, Podgorica and Nikšić.[4]
The high mountains of Montenegro include some of the most rugged terrain in Europe. They average more than Script error: No such module "convert". in elevation. Among notable peaks is Bobotov Kuk in the Durmitor mountain, which reaches Script error: No such module "convert".. The Montenegrin mountains were the most ice-eroded section of the Balkan Peninsula during the last glacial period.[2]
Coast
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The coast of Montenegro is Script error: No such module "convert". long. Unlike its northern neighbour Croatia, Montenegro has no large inhabited islands along the coast. A notable feature of the Montenegrin coast is Bay of Kotor, a fjord-like gulf, which is in fact a submerged river canyon. The Bay of Kotor is surrounded by mountains up to Script error: No such module "convert". high, which plunge almost vertically into the sea.[2]
To the south of the Bay of Kotor, there is a narrow coastal plain, no more than 4 km wide, which is guarded from the north by high mountains. The plain provided space for numerous small coastal settlements.[5]
Hydrology
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Montenegro's surface runoff in the north is carried away by the Ibar, Lim and Tara river systems, which enter the Danube via the Drina River of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In southern Montenegro, streams flow toward the Adriatic Sea. Much of the drainage of the karstic region is not on the surface but travels in underground channels.[6]
The largest lake in Montenegro and the Balkans is Lake Scutari. Known in Montenegro as Skadarsko Jezero, it lies near the coast and extends across the international border into northern Albania. It is Script error: No such module "convert". long and Script error: No such module "convert". wide, with a total surface area of Script error: No such module "convert".. Some 60 percent lies within Montenegrin territory. The water body occupies a karstic polje depression that has a floor lying below sea level.[6]
Montenegro's mountainous regions are noted for their numerous lakes.[6]
Statistics
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Geographic coordinates: Script error: No such module "Coordinates".[7]
Area – comparative: similar in size to The Bahamas[7]
Area
Total: 13,812 km2 (5,332 sq mi)[7]
Land: 13,452 km2 (5,193 sq mi)[7]
Water: 360 km2 (138 sq mi)[7]
Population: 620,029 (2011 census);[8] 653,474 (2013 estimate [1])
Length of the coast (coastline): 293.5 km (182 mi)[7]
Length of the international borders: 625 km (388 mi) (all)[7]
- With Croatia: 14 km (8 mi) or 25 km (15 mi)[9][10]
- With Bosnia and Herzegovina: 225 km (139 mi)[7]
- With Serbia: 124 km (77 mi)[7]
- and with Albania: 172 km (106 mi)[7]
Land under cultivation: 517,153 ha
Land use:
- arable land: 12.45%
- permanent crops: 1.16%
- other: 86.39%
Irrigated land: 24.12 km2
Maritime claims: 12 nm[7]
- Points
- Lowest point
- Adriatic Sea – 0 m[7]
- Highest point
- Bobotov Kuk – 2,522 m[7]
- Northernmost point:
- Moćevići, Pljevlja municipality – Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
- Southernmost point:
- Mala Ada, Ulcinj municipality – Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
- Easternmost point:
- Jablanica, Rožaje municipality – Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
- Westernmost point:
- Prijevor, Herceg Novi municipality – Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Extreme temperatures in Montenegro
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See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The World FactbookScript error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore, CIA, 2008.
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook of Croatia, State Institute of Statistics, section Geographical data, Zagreb, 2008.
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Bibliography
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External links
Template:Montenegro topics Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:World topic