General Directorate of Security (Turkey)
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The General Directorate of Security (Template:Langx, EGM), or the Turkish National Police, is the national civil police of Turkey primarily responsible for law enforcement in urban areas, whilst rural policing falls under the jurisdiction of the Gendarmerie General Command.[1]
History
Its creation dates back to the 19th century. Until the dissolution of the Janissaries in 1826, police services in the Ottoman Empire were carried out by local garrisons and public administrators.[2]
The present-day TNP was then established in 1845, as part of the Tanzimat, with a law inspired by the Paris Police.[3][4]
Though it faced massive changes in function and structure over the years, the institution itself remained the same and was not replaced by a successor during the Turkish Revolution.[5]
Function and mission
The Police Duties and Jurisdiction Law of 1934 (Turkish: Polis Vazife ve Salâhiyet Kanunu) establishes the fundamental mission of the TNP as to:[6]
- Protect the public order, persons and the immunity of residence,
- Ensure the safety of the people, goods, and the public peace,
- Provide assistance to the children in need of help, disabled persons, and other disadvantaged groups.
Structure
The TNP reports to the Ministry of the Interior and is composed of 81 divisions, each for respective provinces, that make up several police regions that are bolstered by specialist units.
In the provinces, it operates under the command of governors (Template:Langx) and district governors (Template:Langx). Civil administrators (Template:Langx) are responsible for the security and well-being of towns and districts.
The Turkish National Police (TNP) operates within the network of the civil administration system and carries out its duties under the command and control of the civil authority. Town governors and heads of district administrations supervise the force.[7]
As of 2024, the centralized structure as it follows:[8]
- Inspection Board
- Private Security Inspection Board
- Executive Assistant Directorate
- Legal Affairs Directorate
- Personnel Directorate
- Special Operations Directorate
- Intelligence Directorate
- Traffic Directorate
- Presidential Protection Directorate
- Combating Smuggling and Organized Crimes Directorate
- Combating Narcotics Crimes Directorate
- Internal Audit Unit
- Police Academy
As of 2023, the TNP has 352,188 personnel in law enforcement and public service positions, making it one of the largest public employers in Turkey.[9] It was allocated an $8.6 billion budget in 2024.[10]
However, the government surged the "internal security" grants in the 2025 budget proposal, increasing the grand total for all law enforcement agencies to an all-time record of $19.5 billion.[11]
Units
All Turkish police officers wear navy-blue uniforms and caps.
Patrol cars can be identified by their unique blue-white design and the writing "Polis" (Turkish for "Police") on the side doors and hood.
Commissioners and police chiefs wear silver stars rank on their shoulders and police directors wear gold stars.
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Çevik Kuvvet armpatch
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Naval armpatch
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Traffic armpatch
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General Service armpatch
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Airport armpatch
Some well-known police units in Turkey are:
- Martılar (Template:Langx) bike patrol units
- Yunuslar (Template:Langx) motorcycle units
- Şahinler (Template:Langx) motorcycle units of the traffic department
- TOMA armored water cannon designed for riot control
- Çevik Kuvvet (Template:Langx) who handle riot control cases
- Özel Harekat(Template:Langx) which is the special response unit of the directorate (quite like the American SWAT or the German GSG 9)
- Karşı Atak Timi (Template:Langx) close protection service for the president
- Aviation Department
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Police Academy during parade
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Motorcycle unit Yunuslar
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TOMA water cannon in Istanbul, 2013
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Female riot police squad (Çevik Kuvvet Polis)
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Police patrol boat
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Police diver
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Bell 429 helicopter of Turkish Police Aviation Department
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Training
The TNP receives two categories of training, the first being in-service training provided by the Department of Education operating directly under the General Directorate of Security; whereas pre-profession training is provided by the Police Academy.
The Police Academy offers five different training programs:
- Police Schools (2 years)
- Police Training Centers (8 months)
- Police Chiefs Training Center (1 year)
- Security Sciences Institute
- Higher Level Management Training
There are other educational institutions that give expert in-service training, such as the Turkish International Academy Against Drugs and Organized Crime and the Crime Investigation and Research Education Center.
Ranks and insignia
| Template:Flagdeco General Directorate of Security[12] | File:Sınıf üstü emniyet müdürü rank.svg | File:1. sınıf emniyet müdürü rank.svg | File:2. sınıf emniyet müdürü rank.svg | File:3. sınıf emniyet müdürü rank.svg | File:4. sınıf emniyet müdürü rank.svg | File:Emniyet amiri rank.svg | File:Başkomiser rank.svg | File:Komiser rank.svg | File:Komiser yardımcısı rank.svg | File:Kıdemli başpolis memuru rank.svg | File:Başpolis memuru rank.svg | File:Polis memuru rank.svg |
| Director general Script error: No such module "Lang". |
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Equipment
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Firearms
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Patrol Vehicles
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Armoured Vehicles
| Vehicle | Image | Origin/Assembly | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infantry mobility vehicles/MRAPs | ||||
| Otokar Akrep[34] | File:Armored police vehicle in Istanbul, Turkey (2024) 1.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | Infantry mobility vehicle | 40 in service.[17] |
| Otokar Cobra[35] | File:Kosovo Army Otokar Cobra.jpg | |||
| Otokar Cobra II[17] | File:OtokarCobraII.jpg | |||
| BMC Kirpi[36] | File:2012 Eurosatory BMC trucks.JPG | Mine-resistant ambush protected | ||
| BMC Vuran[37] | File:Kirpi.jpg | |||
| Nurol Ejder[38] | File:Ejder Yalçın.jpg | 417+ vehicles in service[39] | ||
| Nurol Yörük[40] | File:YörükNMS.jpg | Infantry mobility vehicle/Presidential Protection Department car | ||
| Otokar Ural[41] | - | Infantry mobility vehicle | 230+ vehicles in service.[17] | |
| BMC Amazon[42] | Multi-purpose armoured vehicle | |||
| Nurol ILGAZ II[42] | Mine-resistant ambush protected | |||
| Riot control | ||||
| TOMA[38] | File:TOMA.JPG | Script error: No such module "flag". | Intervention Vehicle against Social Incidents | |
| Cadillac Cage Commando V-150S | File:ROCA V-150S Commando Display at Hualien AFB Apron 20160813.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | Amphibious armoured car/Armoured personnel carrier | 124 total.[17] Converted into TOMAs. |
| Dragoon 300 | File:TOMA2.JPG | Amphibious armoured fighting vehicle | 80 in service[17] Converted into TOMAs. | |
| Unmanned Ground Vehicles | ||||
| Aselsan Aslan[43] | - | Script error: No such module "flag". | Medium-class unmanned ground vehicle | |
| Aselsan Kaplan[44] | Light-class unmanned ground vehicle | |||
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Boats
Coastal Directorate of Security
- Multi-purpose fast lifeboats - 16 on order.[49]
- Emergency response tugboats - 2 on order.[49]
- Pilotage service boats - 6 on order.[49]
Aircraft
| Vehicle | Image | Origin | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aircraft | ||||
| Beechcraft Super King Air[50] | File:Beechcraft King Air 350i - EM-809 - EGM Turkish National Police.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | Utility/Transport aircraft | 2 B350i variant in use.[51] |
| Cessna Citation XLS+[31] | File:Avcon Jet Cessna Citation XLS+.jpg | Utility aircraft | 1 in service.[52] | |
| Beechcraft C90 | File:Beechcraft King Air C90 N268CA FDK MD2.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | Utility aircraft | 2 in service.[53] |
| Helicopters | ||||
| Sikorsky S-92 | File:S-92A G-IACE IMG 5457 (9240198303).jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | VIP Transport helicopter | 3 S-92A Used by the Ministry.[54] |
| Bell 206[55] | File:LAPD Bell 206 Jetranger.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". Script error: No such module "flag". |
Multi-purpose utility helicopter | 2 Bell 206L-3 in service.[56] |
| Bell 429[55] | File:Bell 429 of Turkish Police at Teknofest 2023 İzmir.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". Script error: No such module "flag". Script error: No such module "flag". |
Multi-purpose utility helicopter | 14 in service.[56] |
| Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk[57] | File:Teknofest 2023 Turkish Gendarmerie TUSAŞ T-70.png | Script error: No such module "flag". Script error: No such module "flag". |
Medium transport/Utility helicopter | S-70A-D28 & 2 S-70i[54][56]
18 T-70 on order.[58] 2 T-70 in service[56] |
| TAI T625 Gökbey | File:TAI T625 Teknofest2019 (1).jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | Utility helicopter | First batch : 3 on order.[59] |
| TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK[60][61] | File:T129 Atak at IDEX2023.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". Script error: No such module "flag". |
Attack helicopter | 3 in T129B service |
| Unmanned aerial vehicles | ||||
| TAI Anka[62] | File:TAI Anka Teknofest2021 (3).jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | MALE UCAV | |
| Baykar Bayraktar TB2[62] | File:Bayraktar TB2 Runway.jpg | |||
| ÇAĞATAY[63][64] | - | VTOL UAV | ||
| UÇBEY[65] | ||||
| BULUT | - | Developed by Havelsan.[66] | ||
| Arcturus T-20[67] | File:Arcturus T-20 UAV in flight Aug 2011.jpg | Script error: No such module "flag". | Tactical reconnaissance UAV | |
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Planned Acquisition :
See also
References
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External links
- General Directorate of Security Template:In lang
- Directorate of Security, Foreign Relations Department
- Police Association
- Uniforms of the General Directorate of Security Template:Webarchive
- https://twitter.com/EmniyetGM
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