Gempylidae

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species.

They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek (Leionura atun), grow up to Template:Cvt long, and the oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) can reach Template:Cvt, though they rarely surpass Template:Cvt. Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth.[1]

Taxonomy

The Gempylidae are broadly categorized into two clades; Clade 1, which includes more derived & elongate genera, and Clade 2, which includes more basal & fusiform genera. The Trichiuridae are an outgroup.[3]

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Gempylidae are believed to have first evolved at least 20 million years after the Late Cretaceus Extinction event, potentially due to tectonic plate movements.[3]

Fossil genera

The following fossil genera are known:[2][4]

Timeline

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from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene            
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color:eocene bar:NAM1  from:	-39.4	till:	0	text:	Lepidocybium
color:eocene bar:NAM2  from:	-36.9	till:	0	text:	Ruvettus
color:oligocene bar:NAM3  from:	-25.3	till:	0	text:	Epinnula
color:miocene bar:NAM4  from:	-13.8	till:	0	text:	Neoepinnula
color:oligocene bar:NAM5  from:	-27.8	till:	-23	text:	Eothyrsites
color:eocene bar:NAM6  from:	-39.2	till:	0	text:	Nesiarchus
color:oligocene bar:NAM7  from:	-31	till:	0	text:	Gempylus
color:oligocene bar:NAM8  from:	-31	till:	0	text:	Thyrsitoides
color:oligocene bar:NAM9  from:	-29.1	till:	0	text:	Rexea solandri
color:miocene bar:NAM10  from:	-20.4	till:	0	text:	Rexea antefurcata
color:miocene bar:NAM11  from:	-8.2	till:	0	text:	Rexea prometheoides
color:miocene bar:NAM12  from:	-8.2	till:	0	text:	Rexea nakamurai
color:oligocene bar:NAM13  from:	-31.4	till:	0	text:	Thyrsites
color:miocene bar:NAM14  from:	-20.6	till:	0	text:	Promethichthys
color:miocene bar:NAM15  from:	-20.6	till:	0	text:	Nealotus
color:miocene bar:NAM16  from:	-15.7	till:	0	text:	Diplospinus
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from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
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See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Danilʹchenko, P. G. (1967). Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus.
  7. ↑ Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2008). "A new genus and species of putative euzaphlegid fish from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy (Periformes, Trichiuroidea)." Studi e Ricerche sui giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, XII Miscellanea Paleontologica 9: 99–107. [1]
  8. ↑ David, Lore Rose (January 10, 1943). Miocene Fishes of Southern California. Geological Society of America. pp. 104–115.

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External links

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