Gasteranthus
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Gasteranthus is a genus of 35 species of herbs and soft-stemmed subshrubs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The species occur in Central America and South America, from southernmost Mexico to Bolivia.[1] Numerous species are threatened with extinction, mainly due to deforestation. This is due to two reasons: For one thing, Gasteranthus species are native to countries in which destruction of primary forest runs rampant; also, these plants do not distribute well and therefore endemism is very frequent, for example on isolated mountain ranges.[2]
These plants inhabit tropical forest and cloud forest. They grow in humid, shaded locations at altitudes of up to 1,800 m ASL. The flowers are usually colored in orange hues and often spotted, but background colors also include shades white, yellow and red. They are born in axillary cymes without bracteoles.[1]
Gasteranthus was previously included in the closely related genus Besleria. The two genera have been separated on the basis of differences in their stomata (aggregated in Gasteranthus, scattered in Besleria) and fruits (fleshy capsule in Gasteranthus, berry in Besleria). Characteristic are the whitish dots on the leaf undersides caused by aggregations of stomata in Gasteranthus.[3]
Two main groups can be distinguished in this genus: one group of species, with white to yellow, bell- or tube-shaped flowers, is probably pollinated mainly by euglossine bees. The other group has bright orange or red hypocyrtoid (inflated corolla tube with very small opening) flowers and are apparently pollinated mainly by hummingbirds.
Species
39 species are accepted.[4]
- Gasteranthus acropodus (Donn.Sm.) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus acuticarinatus M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus adenocalyx L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus anomalus (C.V.Morton) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus atratus WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus atrolimbus M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus aurantiacus M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus bilsaensis L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus calcaratus (Kunth) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus carinatus WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus colombianus (C.V.Morton) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus corallinus (Fritsch) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus crispus (Mansf.) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus delphinioides (Seem.) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus diverticularis J.L.ClarkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus dressleri WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus epedunculatus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus extinctus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus glaber L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus herbaceus (C.V.Morton) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus imbaburensis M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus imbricans (Donn.Sm.) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus lateralis (C.V.Morton) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus leopardus M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus macrocalyx WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus mutabilis L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus orientandinus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus otongensis M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus pansamalanus (Donn.Sm.) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus perennis (C.V.Morton) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus quitensis Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus recurvatus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus tenellus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus ternatus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus timidus (C.V.Morton) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus trifoliatus M.FreibergScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus villosus L.E.Skog & L.P.KvistScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gasteranthus wendlandianus (Hanst.) WiehlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Footnotes
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References
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Dodson, C.H. & Gentry, A.H. (1991): Biological extinction in western Ecuador. Ann. MO Bot. Gard. 78(2): 273–295.
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Skog, L.E. & Kvist, L.P. (2000): Revision of Gasteranthus (Gesneriaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 59: 1–118.
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Weber, A. & Skog, L.E. (2007): Gasteranthus. In: The genera of Gesneriaceae. Basic information with illustration of selected species (2nd ed.). Version of 2007-JAN-05. Retrieved 2007-SEP-20.
- <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Wiehler, H. (1975): Besleria L. and the re-establishment of Gasteranthus Benth. (Gesneriaceae). Selbyana 1(2): 150–156.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".