Fredrikstad

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Fredrikstad Cathedral
File:Old Town, Fredrikstad - panoramio.jpg
Old Town Fredrikstad
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Riverside promenade in Fredrikstad

Fredrikstad (Script error: No such module "IPA".; previously Frederiksstad; literally "Fredrik's Town") is a port city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.

The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Glemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge, Onsøy, Kråkerøy, and Rolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.

The city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak, about Script error: No such module "convert". from the Sweden border. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 31 December 2024, according to Statistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 146,001 with 85,862 in Fredrikstad and 60,139 in Sarpsborg.

Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (Script error: No such module "convert". upstream) was burnt down by the Swedish Army in the 1500s. Some of the citizens stayed behind and rebuilt their old town at its original site and got their city status back in 1839.

The city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe's best preserved fortified town.

Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important harbour for timber export, then later on shipbuilding, until the main yard was closed in 1988. The main industries are currently various chemical plants and other light industry.

In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for the Tall Ships' Race, attracting thousands to the city. In 2019, it was the first host port.

In 2017, Fredrikstad won the national award for most attractive city. The award is given yearly by the Norwegian government on the basis of social, economic and environmental factors.[1]

General information

Name

The city was named after the Danish king Frederick II in 1569. The last element stad means "city".

Prior to 1877, the name was spelled Frederiksstad, then from 1877 to 1888 it was written as Fredriksstad, and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form: Fredrikstad.

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed a fortress being guarded by a bear. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at the end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear.[2]

The government has asked all municipalities, to receive refugees on behalf of the government; in 2025, the municipality said "no", for that year.[3]

History

After Sarpsborg, which was founded by Olav the Holy in 1016, was burned to the ground by the Swedes during the Northern Seven Years' War, the ruling king, Frederik II, decided by royal decree to build a new town Script error: No such module "convert". south of the original location. The new town was founded in 1567 as Sarpsborg, regarded as a reconstruction of the original town. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during the Hannibal War (1644–1645) between Sweden and Denmark-Norway, became permanent in the 1660s.

The work on the fortifications was first led by Willem Coucheron and later Johan Caspar von Cicignon. During the next 60 years, several fortifications at the Fredrikstad Fortress were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a suburb on the western side of Glomma, Vestsiden, was founded. This part later grew faster than the old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764.

In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of the timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its large shipyard, Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted.

Education

Fredrikstad has three high schools. Frederik II Upper Secondary School offers general studies and financial / administrative studies. It is a merger of the former Template:Ill and Christianslund Handelsgymnasium. Template:Ill offers professional training and study. Template:Ill offers sports, science, languages, social sciences and economics. In addition, there is a Steiner school, a private educational alternative.

Østfold University College offers higher education (master's and bachelor's studies) at the Academy of Performing Arts, Faculty of Health and Social Care and the Faculty of Engineering at Kråkerøy. Template:Ill offers short professional craft or technical courses. The Department of Journalism offers primarily continuing education for journalists and editors.

Fredrikstad Museum

Fredrikstad Museum is located in Old Fredrikstad. The museum shows the history of the city and the surrounding region. The museum also manages Elingaard Manor in Onsøy and Torgauten Fort. Fredrikstad Museum was founded in 1903. Since 2003, the museum's management has been located in Tøihuset in Old Town.[4]

Sport

Fredrikstad is home to nine-time Norway football winners Fredrikstad FK who play at the Fredrikstad Stadion. Egil Olsen, manager for the Norwegian national football team, is from Fredrikstad.[5] There is also an American football team, the Fredrikstad Eagles.

Fredrikstad has a top-division handball team, Fredrikstad BK, and a top-division ice hockey team, Stjernen Hockey.

The city also has a number of floorball teams, including Slevik IBK, Fredrikstad IBK and St. Croix Pirates.

Transport

The city doesn't have an airport, the nearest airport is Sandefjord Airport which is located Script error: No such module "convert". west of Fredrikstad. Oslo Airport is also located Script error: No such module "convert". north of Fredrikstad.

Notable residents

Public service

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Henrik Bjelke, ca.1650
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Roald Amundsen, ca.1908

Arts

File:Karsten Andersen 1964.jpg
Karsten Andersen, 1964

Sport

File:SVA00 - Jørn Andersen 6422a.jpg
Jørn Andersen, 2015
Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Fredrikstad by country of origin in 2021[14]
Ancestry Number
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 2,348
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia 1,626
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 1,500
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo 893
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria 813
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 715
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia-Herzegovina 667
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 548
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 417
File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan 382
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 314
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 307
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 291
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 277
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 261
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea 254
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 215

International relations

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Twin towns – sister cities

The following cities are twinned with Fredrikstad:[15]

City Region Country
File:Coat of arms of Aalborg.svg Aalborg[16] File:House mark of the North Jutland Region.svg North Denmark Region File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark
Húsavík Template:Flagicon Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland
File:Kotka.vaakuna.svg Kotka[17] File:Kymenlaakson maakunnan vaakuna.svg Kymenlaakso File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
File:Karlskoga kommunvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png Karlskoga File:Örebro länsvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png Örebro File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Patzún Template:Flagicon Chimaltenango File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala
San Martín Jilotepeque Template:Flagicon Chimaltenango File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala
Zhuzhou Template:Flagicon Hunan File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

See also

References

Footnotes

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  4. ↑ Fredrikstad museum (Østfoldmuseene Org) Template:Webarchive
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Sources

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  • Aschehougs Konversasjonsleksikon, Volume 7. Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co, 1969. Template:In lang.

External links

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