Franz Schall

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use American English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Franz Schall (1 June 1918 – 10 April 1945) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he flew approximately 550 combat missions and claimed 137 aerial victories—that is, 137 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

He was killed on 10 April 1945, when his aircraft rolled into a bomb crater and exploded during an attempted emergency landing at Parchim.

Career

Schall was born on 1 June 1918 in Graz in Austria-Hungary. He began his military service with the anti-aircraft artillery before in September 1941 he was trained as a fighter pilot.Template:Refn Holding the rank of Leutnant (second lieutenant), Schall was posted to the 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on 18 February 1943.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". At the time, this Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Rudolf Miethig and was part of I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 52 headed by Hauptmann Helmut Bennemann.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

War against the Soviet Union

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Germany had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. In February 1943, I. Gruppe was based at Poltava on the Eastern Front and was subordinated to Luftwaffenkommando Don which supported the fighting in the Third Battle of Kharkov.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Schall claimed his first aerial victory on 6 May when he shot down a Lavochkin La-5 fighter near Belgorod.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

File:I-JG52-ins.svg
I./JG 52 insignia

In preparation for Operation Citadel, I. Gruppe was moved to Bessonovka, a makeshift airfield located approximately Script error: No such module "convert". on 4 July.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 13 July during the Battle of Kursk, Schall, accompanied by his wingman Oberfeldwebel Franz Woidich, claimed an Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft shot down.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 14 July, he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and the Iron Cross 1st Class (Script error: No such module "Lang".) on 24 August.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 11 November 1943, Schall was shot down and wounded by anti-aircraft artillery in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 410131—factory number) resulting in a forced landing Script error: No such module "convert". south of Kerch.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In December 1943, Schall was temporarily put in command of 3. Staffel of JG 52. He replaced Leutnant Karl-Heinz Plücker who was transferred.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Schall was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Script error: No such module "Lang".) on 20 March 1944.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 11 May, then Oberleutnant Franz Woidich succeeded Schall as commander of 3. Staffel.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 10 June 1944, I. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield named Peloniczna near Lviv. Seven days later, they were moved to Serpneve.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 22 June, Soviet forces launched Operation Bagration, attacking Army Group Centre in Byelorussia, with the objective of encircling and destroying its main component armies.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 24 June, the Gruppe transferred to Galați and again to Peloniczna.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Gruppe reached Grabowiec in eastern Poland on 27 July and Kraków on 1 August. On 12 August they were again relocated and moved to Mzurowa.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The day before, Schall was officially appointed Staffelkapitän (Squadron leader) of 3. Staffel after Woidich was transferred.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Fighting across Poland, it led to his most prolific period in the war with a number of multiple victories in a day: three on 12 August (74–76), three more on the 24th (79–81).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 26 August, Schall became a "double ace-in-a-day" for the first time, claiming eleven aerial victories which included six Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. On 31 August, he surpassed this figure, claiming thirteen aerial victories, including his 100th claim, which took his total to 109 victories.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". He was the 81st Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In September 1944, Schall left JG 52 and transferred to a jet fighter unit.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Command of 3. Staffel was transferred to Leutnant Leonhard Färber on 25 September.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Schall was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Script error: No such module "Lang".) on 10 October 1944 for 117 aerial victories claimed.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Flying the Messerschmitt Me 262

On 25 September 1944, Schall was posted to a specialist unit dubbed Kommando Nowotny, named after Walter Nowotny, for testing and establishing tactics for the newly developed Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.[Note 1] General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Force) Adolf Galland had hoped that the Me 262 would compensate for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) numerical superiority. There, following the death of Hauptmann Alfred Teumer on 4 October, Schall was appointed Staffelkapitän of 2. Staffel on 16 October.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 7 October, Schall and Feldwebel Helmut Lennartz were scrambled at 13:45 from Hesepe airfield to intercept a heavy bomber formation. In this encounter, both Schall and Lennartz each claimed a USAAF Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber shot down, the first aerial victories of Kommando Nowotny.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Schall claimed a North American P-51 Mustang fighter destroyed on 28 October and a Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter on 6 November.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Script error: No such module "Lang".) on 10 October 1944.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 141-2497, Flugzeug Me 262A auf Flugplatz.jpg
Me 262 A, circa 1944

Generals Alfred Keller and Galland had scheduled an inspection of Kommando Nowotny for the afternoon of 7 November 1944. Galland had already visited Kommando Nowotny several times and was deeply concerned over the high attrition rate and meager success achieved by the Me 262. After inspecting the two airfields at Achmer and Hesepe, he stayed in the Penterknapp barracks discussing the problems of the past few weeks. Several pilots openly expressed their doubts as to the readiness of the Me 262 for combat operations.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". When the Generals arrived again at Nowotny's command post the next morning a large bomber formation was reported. Two Rotten of Me 262 were prepared for take-off, Erich Büttner and Schall at Hesepe, and Nowotny and Günther Wegmann at Achmer. At first only Schall and Wegmann managed to take off because Büttner had a punctured tire during taxiing and Nowotny's turbines initially refused to start. Schall and Wegmann both made contact with the Americans, claiming a P-51 and P-47 respectively.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". By the time the Americans returned from their bomb run, Nowotny, his aircraft now serviceable, and Schall took off alone and made contact with the bomber force at an altitude of Script error: No such module "convert".. Schall shot down two P-51s before suffering engine failure. Attempting to glide his aircraft to Hesepe, Schall was shot down by Lieutenant James W. Kenney of the 357th Fighter Group. While Schall managed to bail out safely, Nowotny was killed in action.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Following Nowotny's death, the pilots of Kommando Nowotny were moved to Lechfeld where they were joined by 20–25 pilots from III. Gruppe of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2, also known as Erprobungskommando Lechfeld, a replacement training unit which had also trained on the Me 262.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 19 November, Kommando Nowotny became the III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7 - 7th Fighter Wing), the world's first operational jet fighter wing, and was moved to Brandenburg-Briest.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". JG 7 had been formed in August 1944 and placed under the command of Oberst Johannes Steinhoff.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". At the time of its creation, III./JG 7 was commanded by Major Erich Hohagen and command of 10. Staffel was handed to Schall.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

On 18 March 1945, the USAAF Eighth Air Force attacked Berlin with 1,329 bombers, escorted by 733 fighter aircraft. A number of Me 262s intercepted the bomber formation and its escorts in vicinity of Nauen-Rathenow-Brandenburg-Potsdam. At approximately 11:15, Schall claimed a P-51 shot down.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The next day, 374 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers from the 3d Air Division attacked Carl Zeiss AG, a manufacturer of optical systems, in Jena, and the motor vehicle factories at Zwickau and Plauen. In defense of this attack, Schall claimed a B-17 shot down north of Chemnitz.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 21 March 1945, the USAAF Eighth Air Force attacked various Luftwaffe airfields in Germany with approximately 1,300 heavy bombers, escorted by 750 fighter aircraft.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". That day, Schall claimed another aerial victory over a P-51.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The next, the Eighth Air Force again targeted various military installations and airfields in Germany.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Yet again Schall claimed a P-51 shot down, that day in the Cottbus-Bautzen-Dresden area.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 24 March, 1,714 bombers, escorted by approximately 1,300 fighter aircraft, targeted 18 Luftwaffe airfields.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Schall led 10. Staffel at about 12:00 from Parchim airfield and engaged the bombers south of Berlin. Approximately 15 Me 262s, the majority of them armed with R4M air-to-air rockets, claimed a number of bombers destroyed, including a B-17 by Schall.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 31 March 1945, the Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command targeted Wilhelmshaven, Bremen and Hamburg. The attack force from No. 219, No. 429, No. 431, No. 434, No. 408, No. 415 and No. 425 Squadron had made their target approach by night. In morning hours, the British and Canadians were intercepted by 20 Me 262s from I. Gruppe and seven Me 262s from III. Gruppe who claimed 19 four-engined bombers, two fighters and probable destruction of another bomber. Schall claimed two victories in this engagement.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

On 4 April, Schall claimed a P-51 shot down.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". That day, RAF Bomber Command had targeted Nordhausen with 243 Avro Lancaster bombers while the USAAF Eighth Air Force sent 950 B-17s and B-24s to Luftwaffe airfields at Kaltenkirchen, Parchim, Perleberg, Wesendorf, Faßberg, Hoya, Dedelstorf and Eggebek, as well as the U-boat yards at Finkenwerder and shipyards at Kiel. This bomber force was protected by 800 escort fighters.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 9 April, the RAF targeted the German ships Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". moored at Kiel and other targets in northern Germany. That afternoon, Schall claimed a Lancaster shot down.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". On 10 April 1945, Schall claimed a P-51 shot down. He was then killed when his aircraft rolled into a bomb crater, flipped, and exploded during an attempted emergency landing at Parchim Airfield.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". That day, the Luftwaffe lost a number of Me 262 pilots, including Oberleutnant Walther Wever. The Americans dubbed this day the "great jet massacre".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Schall had been nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Script error: No such module "Lang".) which was not approved before the war ended.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Schall was credited with 133 aerial victories.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Forsyth also lists Schall with 133 aerial victories claimed in 530 combat missions. This figure includes 17 claims flying the Me 262 jet fighter, including six four-engined heavy bombers and eleven P-51 fighters.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Spick however lists him with 137 aerial victories claimed in approximately 550 combat missions.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 133 aerial victory claims, plus four further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 117 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 16 on the Western Front flying the Me 262 jet fighter, including five four-engined bombers.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 35 Ost 61184". The Luftwaffe grid map (Script error: No such module "Lang".) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Script error: No such module "convert".. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Script error: No such module "convert". in size.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Chronicle of aerial victories
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Schall an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Schall did not receive credit.
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  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
1 6 May 1943 13:14 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 61184, vicinity of BelgorodScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north-northeast of Belgorod
13 27 September 1943 14:35 Il-2 m.H.Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 66865Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Wennlowka
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
13 May 1943 04:15 La-5Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 14 27 September 1943 14:43 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 34 Ost 76772Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Blagoweschtschenskaja
2 30 May 1943 16:12 La-5 PQ 34 Ost 75232Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
north of Krymsk
15 20 October 1943 12:07 Il-2 PQ 34 Ost 58143Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
northwest of Zaporizhia
3 11 June 1943 10:25 Il-2 PQ 34 Ost 76823Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Kalabatka
16 21 October 1943 12:05 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2]Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 58738Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
4 5 July 1943 18:45 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 61652, north of PukroskaScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Vovchansk
17 22 October 1943 13:15 Yak-7?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 39652Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of Pjatichatki
5 12 July 1943 14:47 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 61132Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Prokhorovka
18 23 October 1943 09:07 P-39?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 58561Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Kalinowka
6 13 July 1943 08:57 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 35 Ost 61293Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of Prokhorovka
19 24 October 1943 10:32 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 34 Ost 58172Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Melitopol
7 15 July 1943 13:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 35 Ost 62883, Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of ProkhorovkaScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Prokhorovka
20 24 October 1943 13:50 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2]Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 57171Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Melitopol
8 18 July 1943 06:50 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 34 Ost 88431Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Marienheim (Perekrestovo)
21 28 October 1943 14:15 La-5?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 48512Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west-southwest of Nikopol
9 26 July 1943 18:12 Il-2 PQ 34 Ost 88267, south of JulizwechinoScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Jalisawehino
22 7 November 1943 15:05 U-2 PQ 34 Ost 47771Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Gromovka
10 1 August 1943 10:38 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 34 Ost 88283Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Jalisawehino
23 7 November 1943 15:06 U-2 PQ 34 Ost 47771Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Gromovka
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
4 August 1943 15:30 Il-2?Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[Note 3] 24 7 November 1943 15:07 U-2 PQ 34 Ost 47771Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Gromovka
11 7 August 1943 15:55?Template:Refn La-5?[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 61595, north of LeskijScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Belgorod
25 9 November 1943 14:25 U-2 PQ 34 Ost 47771Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Gromovka
12 25 September 1943 08:03 LaGG-3?[Note 5] PQ 34 Ost 76533Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
southwest of Kurtschanskaja
26 9 November 1943 14:25 U-2?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 47771Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Gromovka
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 December 1944
27 7 January 1944 14:16 Yak-9?[Note 6] PQ 34 Ost 29392Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". east of Kropyvnytskyi
72 16 July 1944 15:36 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 41682Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Brody
28 9 January 1944 14:05 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 29382Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Alekandrovka
73 16 July 1944 15:40 Yak-9?Template:Refn PQ 25 Ost 41688Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Brody
29 12 January 1944 11:06 P-39?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 29492Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Kropyvnytskyi
74 12 August 1944 14:10 Yak-11?[Note 3] PQ 25 Ost 11379Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Mielec
30 16 January 1944 09:34 Yak-9?[Note 6] PQ 34 Ost 19462Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west-northwest of Kropyvnytskyi
75 12 August 1944 16:57 La-5?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 11358Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
31 16 January 1944 11:51 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 29371Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Kropyvnytskyi
76 12 August 1944 17:02 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11388Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north-northwest of Mielec
32 16 January 1944 11:55 P-39?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 29381Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Kropyvnytskyi
77 22 August 1944 18:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11415Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Sandomierz
33 16 January 1944 12:03?Template:Refn La-5?[Note 7] PQ 34 Ost 29523Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Alekandrovka
78 22 August 1944 18:50 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 8] PQ 25 Ost 11335Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Opatów
34 17 January 1944 11:52 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 29383Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
vicinity of Kropyvnytskyi
79 24 August 1944 11:12 Yak-9?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 11418Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Sandomierz
35 26 January 1944 07:52 P-39?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 66641Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
east of Bulganak
80 24 August 1944 14:25 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11755Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Mielec
36 28 January 1944 15:00 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 9] PQ 34 Ost 66641Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
east of Bulganak
81 24 August 1944 14:27 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11764Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Mielec
37 22 February 1944 11:35 U-2 PQ 34 Ost 38664Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of Apostolove
82 25 August 1944 09:12 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2]Template:Refn PQ 25 Ost 11334Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Opatów
38 24 February 1944 08:35 U-2?Template:Refn PQ 34 Ost 38564Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". east of Apostolove
83♠ 26 August 1944 11:08 Pe-2 PQ 25 Ost 11292Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Sandomierz
39 28 March 1944 14:45 R-5?[Note 6] PQ 24 Ost 98174Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west-southwest of Balta
84♠ 26 August 1944 11:12 Pe-2?[Note 6] PQ 25 Ost 11323Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
40 19 April 1944 13:48 P-39?Template:Refn PQ 24 Ost 78674Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Iași
85♠ 26 August 1944 15:07 P-39 PQ 25 Ost 11189Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
41 24 April 1944 18:00 Boston?[Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 97343Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Leipzig
86♠ 26 August 1944 15:15 P-39 PQ 25 Ost 11331Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Opatów
42 24 April 1944 18:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 24 Ost 87634Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north-northwest of Leipzig
87♠ 26 August 1944 17:15 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11324Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
43 24 April 1944 18:26 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 24 Ost 87632Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north-northwest of Leipzig
88♠ 26 August 1944 17:17 Il-2?[Note 6] PQ 25 Ost 11357Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
44 28 April 1944 11:00 P-39 PQ 24 Ost 78674Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Iași
89♠ 26 August 1944 17:18 P-39?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 11379Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Mielec
45 2 May 1944 10:35 P-39 PQ 24 Ost 68682Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Târgu Frumos
90♠ 26 August 1944 18:50 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11183Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
46 2 May 1944 15:13 P-39 PQ 24 Ost 78741Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north-northeast of Roman
91♠ 26 August 1944 18:51 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 11186Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
47 2 May 1944 17:30 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 24 Ost 68833, southwest of Târgu FrumosScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
north of Târgu Frumos
92♠ 26 August 1944 18:52 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11189Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
48 15 May 1944 18:15 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 3] PQ 24 Ost 97131Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west-northwest of Tiraspol
93♠ 26 August 1944 18:54 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11185Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
49 15 May 1944 18:20 La-5?[Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 97132Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southeast of Grigoriopol
94 28 August 1944 12:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11322Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
50 17 May 1944 18:25 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 24 Ost 97233Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Grigoriopol
95 28 August 1944 12:31 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11327Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
51 30 May 1944 04:30 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 78675Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Iași
96 28 August 1944 12:32 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11185Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
52 30 May 1944 16:00 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 3] PQ 24 Ost 78614Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of Țuțora
97♠ 31 August 1944 12:54 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 25 Ost 11185Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
53 30 May 1944 16:05 La-5?[Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 78684Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Iași
98♠ 31 August 1944 14:10 P-39?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 11183Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
54 31 May 1944 06:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 24 Ost 78685Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of Țuțora
99♠ 31 August 1944 14:11 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11185Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
55 31 May 1944 11:36 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 8] PQ 24 Ost 78821Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Iași
100♠ 31 August 1944 14:12 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11189Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
56 1 June 1944 12:35 Yak-9 PQ 24 Ost 78679Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Silistra
101♠ 31 August 1944 14:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11177Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
57 3 June 1944 11:50 Yak-9?[Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 78674, north of IașiScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Iași
102♠ 31 August 1944 16:02 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11185Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
58 3 June 1944 12:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 24 Ost 78592Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 103♠ 31 August 1944 16:03 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11322Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
59 4 June 1944 16:14 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 8] PQ 24 Ost 78231Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 104♠ 31 August 1944 16:04 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11327Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
60 4 June 1944 16:22 P-39?[Note 8] PQ 24 Ost 78231Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Iași
105♠ 31 August 1944 16:08?Template:Refn Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11353Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
61 6 June 1944 09:05?Template:Refn Yak-9?[Note 10] PQ 24 Ost 78649Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Țuțora
106♠ 31 August 1944 17:50 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11327Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
62 26 June 1944 15:30 P-39 PQ 24 Ost 49655Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Kolomea
107♠ 31 August 1944 17:52 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11353Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
63 26 June 1944 15:33 P-39?Template:Refn PQ 24 Ost 49663Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Kolomea
108♠ 31 August 1944 17:54 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 25 Ost 11362Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south of Opatów
64 7 July 1944 16:55 B-25?[Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 50598Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Kovel
109♠ 31 August 1944 19:01 P-39?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 11185Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
65 14 July 1944 12:00 P-39?[Note 5] PQ 24 Ost 41822Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Brody
110♠ 1 September 1944 10:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11411Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Sandomierz
66 14 July 1944 12:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 24 Ost 51741Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Zolkiew
111♠ 1 September 1944 10:01 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11415Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Sandomierz
67 14 July 1944 12:08 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 24 Ost 51751Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Brody
112♠ 1 September 1944 10:04 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11418Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Sandomierz
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
14 July 1944 14:00~ P-39?Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[Note 5] 113♠ 1 September 1944 14:04 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11181Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
68 15 July 1944 16:40 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 8] PQ 25 Ost 41681Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Brody
114♠ 1 September 1944 14:06 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 6] PQ 25 Ost 11321Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". south-southwest of Opatów
69 15 July 1944 16:44 Yak-9?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 41656Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Brody
115 2 September 1944 10:00 P-39?[Note 5] PQ 25 Ost 11181Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". west of Opatów
70 16 July 1944 11:02 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 41617Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". north of Busk
116 2 September 1944 10:03 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] PQ 25 Ost 11316Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Opatów
71 16 July 1944 11:03 Il-2 m.H.?[Note 2][Note 8] PQ 25 Ost 41655Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Brody
117?Template:Refn 2 September 1944 10:06 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
– 2. Staffel of Kommando "Nowotny" –Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Defense of the Reich — October – November 1944
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
7 October 1944
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
B-24Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Magdeburg/Rothensee 120 8 November 1944 10:36 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Bielefeld
118 28 October 1944 12:04 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". CoesfeldScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 121 8 November 1944 10:37 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Osnabrück
119 6 November 1944 10:57 P-47Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Schorlingborsteler BeekeScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Lake Dümmer
122 8 November 1944 10:40 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". vicinity of Südmerzen
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 7 –Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Defense of the Reich — March – 10 April 1945
123 18 March 1945 11:15 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nauen-Rathenow-Brandenburg-Potsdam 129 31 March 1945 08:37–09:32 LancasterScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Hamburg
124 19 March 1945 14:00+ B-17Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". vicinity of Chemnitz 130 31 March 1945 08:37–09:32 P-51 Hamburg
125 21 March 1945 09:15~ P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". northwest of Dresden 131 4 April 1945 09:00+ P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". south of Bremen
126 22 March 1945 12:45~ P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Cottbus-Bautzen-Dresden 132 9 April 1945
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Lancaster Hamburg
127 24 March 1945 11:36–12:28 B-17 vicinity of Wittenberg 133 10 April 1945
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
P-51
128 25 March 1945 10:10 P-51Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Awards

  • Iron Cross (1939)
    • 2nd Class (14 July 1943)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • 1st Class (24 August 1943)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold (27 July 1943)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 20 March 1944 as Leutnant and pilotScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Refn
  • German Cross in Gold on 20 March 1944 as Leutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 52Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 10 October 1944 as Leutnant and Staffelführer in the I./Jagdgeschwader 52Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Refn

Notes

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  1. For a list of Luftwaffe Jet aces see List of German World War II jet aces
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. a b c d Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  4. Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  5. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  6. a b c d e f g h i j k l Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  7. Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  8. a b c d e f Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  9. Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  10. Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

Citations

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bibliography

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Template:Knight's Cross recipients of JG 52 Template:Subject bar