Francisco Boix
Template:Short description Template:Family name hatnote Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Francisco Boix Campo (14 August 1920 in Barcelona – 7 July 1951 in Paris) was a Spanish veteran of the Spanish Civil War and photographer who was imprisoned in the Mauthausen concentration camp. At both the Nuremberg trials and the Dachau trials he presented photographs that played a role in the conviction of Nazi war criminals.
Biography
Francisco Boix was born on 14 August 1920 in Barcelona.Template:Sfn As a Spanish Republican he was exiled in France in 1939. He was recruited by the French Foreign Legion and French Army[1] and captured in 1940 by the Germans.[2] Boix, like over 7,000 Spaniards, was an inmate in the Mauthausen concentration camp[3] between January 1941 and May 1945.[4] From the end of August 1941 he worked in the Erkennungsdienst, the photography department of the camp administration, taking ID photos of inmates and documenting events in the camp. He was able to hide and preserve until liberation about 2,000 negatives[5] taken by the SS head of the department, Template:Ill,[6][7] as well as by himself.
On January 28 and 29, 1946, at the Nuremberg trial (International Military Tribunal), Boix was called by the French prosecution to show photographs taken by the SS in Mauthausen.[3] Those photos depicted the conditions in which the prisoners lived and were murdered in that camp.[2] They were also proof that the camp was known and visited by high leaders of the Third Reich, such as Ernst Kaltenbrunner, who appeared visiting both the Mauthausen camp proper, and the Wienergraben quarry adjacent to the camp.[7]
In April 1946 Boix was again a witness, this time in the American military trial that took place in Dachau against 61 accused from the Mauthausen camp.[8] Between 1945 and 1951 Boix worked as a photo reporter in the French press.[3] During that same period he was a member of the French Communist Party.[9]
He died in Paris on 7 July 1951 from kidney failure at age 30.[10]
Popular culture
Films
Francisco Boix, A Photographer in Hell is a documentary directed by Llorenç Soler and released in 2001.[11][12] El fotógrafo de Mauthausen is a Spanish film directed by Mar Targarona released on 26 October 2018.[13] Mario Casas plays Francisco Boix.[14]
Graphic novel
A graphic novel adaptation telling the story of Boix titled Le Photographe de Mauthausen was published in 2017 by Belgian publisher Le Lombard, written by Salva Rubio and drawn by Pedro J. Colombo.[15][16]
Library
A Barcelona library in the district of Paral·lel, opened in 2000, bears his name.
References
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Bibliography
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Biography in Spanish)
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- Graham, Helen. The Spanish civil war. A very short introduction. Oxford University Press. 2005.
Further reading
- The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex (pdf). World War II and postwar records (Reference information paper 115). Compiled by Amy Schmidt and Gudrun Loehrer. Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Administration, 2008.
External links
- Boix' Jan. 28-29, 1946 testimony at Nuremberg
- Photos by Francisco Boix at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Photos by Paul Ricken at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Template:Photography of the Holocaust Template:Authority control
- Pages with script errors
- Biography with signature
- 1920 births
- 1951 deaths
- 20th-century Spanish photographers
- Nuremberg trials
- Mauthausen concentration camp survivors
- Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion
- Holocaust photographers
- Spanish emigrants to France
- Witnesses to the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg
- Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France