Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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Template:Short description

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) are conducted by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of representation offices and embassies in foreign countries.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is the government in exile claiming sovereignty of the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. The Polisario Front, the national liberation movement that administers the SADR, currently controls the area that it calls the Liberated Territories, a strip of Western Sahara territory east of the Moroccan Wall. It also administers the Sahrawi refugee camps at Tindouf, Algeria, where its headquarters are. It has conducted diplomatic relations with states and international organisations since its inception in 1976. In 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 22/29 affirmed for the first time the Sahrawi right to self-determination. In 1979, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37 reaffirmed the right of the Western Sahara people to self-determination and independence, recognising also the Polisario Front as the representative of the Western Sahara people.

Since the country is not widely recognised, the government has asked Independent Diplomat to serve its interests.[1]

Recognition

Template:Numrec. Of these, Template:Numrec have "frozen" or "withdrawn" recognition for a number of reasons. Several states that do not recognise the Sahrawi Republic nonetheless recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the population of the Western Sahara, but not as the government-in-exile for a sovereign state.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The republic has been a full member of the African Union (AU), formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), since 1984. Morocco withdrew from the OAU in protest and remained the only African nation not within the AU between South Africa's admittance in 1994 and (re-)joining the African Union in 2017. The SADR also participates as guest at meetings of the Non-Aligned Movement[2][3] or the New Asian–African Strategic Partnership,[4][5] over Moroccan objections to SADR participation.[6] On the other hand, upholding Moroccan "territorial integrity" is favoured by the Arab League.[7][8]

Besides Algeria, Mexico, Iran, Venezuela, Vietnam, Nigeria, and South Africa, India was the major middle power to have ever recognised SADR and maintained full diplomatic relations, having allowed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open an embassy in New Delhi in 1985. However, India "withdrew" its recognition in 2000.[9]

As with any fluid political situation, diplomatic recognitions of either party's rights are subject to frequent and sometimes unannounced change.

Bilateral relations

File:Firma del Memorandum de Entendimiento con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (7558430050).jpg
Memorandum of understanding between Ecuador and SADR, in Quito, July 2012

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has, since its proclamation established diplomatic relations with a number of states, mainly in Africa and the Americas, which have recognised its independence. In connection with the "freezing", "withdrawing" and resuming of recognition, similar changes have occurred at the level of diplomatic relations. SADR has stable and developed relationships with states such as Algeria and South Africa.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is represented abroad by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of missions and embassies. Some states that have recognised the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic have elevated the Polisario representation in their country to the status of SADR embassy. The Polisario Front maintains also a network of representations on countries that do not recognized the SADR as a sovereign country, mainly in Europe, with some of them having relations with the host country governments. Representation of foreign countries to the SADR is performed by embassies located abroad, mainly in Algiers, due to the Western Sahara conflict and the settlement of the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria. Strong support of Sahrawi cause from some countries is demonstrated by foreign delegation's visits in Liberated Territories of Western Sahara.[note 1][note 2]

Current diplomatic relations

File:Current relations of SADR.svg
Current relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  SADR, as claimed
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Diplomatic relations and recognition of SADR (Ecuador, Peru and Panama recently reversed their recognition).
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Recognition of SADR only

A total of 35 states presently maintain diplomatic relations with the SADR. Of these, 28 have continuously maintained relations with SADR without any interruptions. As of 6 August 2018, Botswana is the most recent nation to have formally established diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Seven states have frozen or canceled relations with the SADR in the past, but later resumed them. As of 20 September 2022, South Sudan is the most recent nation that reestablished diplomatic relations with SADR.

# State Relations established Sahrawi mission Mission to Sahrawi Republic
‡ Embassy (non-resident)		 Notes
1 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts[13] Embassy (Algiers)[14] — AU, Arab League, OIC; Algeria–SADR relations
2 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts[15] Embassy (Luanda)[16] ‡ (Algiers) AU
3 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Template:Dts[17] ‡ (Managua)[18] — —
4 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts[19] Embassy (La Paz)[20] — Relations were suspended from 20 January 2020[21] to 16 September 2021.[19]
5 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:Dts[22] Embassy (Gaborone)[23] ‡ (Addis Ababa)[24] AU
6 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 1980s[25] — — ASEAN
7 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:DTS[26] Embassy (Bogotá)[27] — Relations were frozen from 20 December 2000[28][29] to 10 August 2022.[30]
8 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[31] Embassy (Havana)[32] ‡ (Algiers)[33] Cuba–SADR relations
9 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia YesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Embassy (Addis Ababa)[34] ‡ (Rome)[35] AU
10 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts[36] Embassy (Accra)[37][38] ‡ (Algiers)[39] AU <templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Further details
Some sources claimed a suspending of relations from 7 January 2025,[40] however, Ghana still maintains diplomatic mission accredited to SADR.[39]
11 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:Dts[41][42] ‡ (Caracas)[43][44][45][46] — OIC <templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Further details
Moroccan news sources claimed a withdrawal of recognition from 14 November 2020,[47][48] however, Guyana still maintains diplomatic relations with SADR.[49]
12 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts[50][51] — — —
13 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts[52] — — OIC
14 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts[53] Embassy (Nairobi)[54][55] ‡ (Algiers)[56] AU; Relations were frozen from 18 October 2006[57] to 6 February 2014 or shorter;[54]
Kenya–SADR relations <templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Further details
On 2 December 2013 Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya Justin Muturi announced the opening of SADR embassy in Nairobi soon.[58][59] On 11 December 2013 Sahrawi president Mohamed Abdelaziz officially visited Kenya for Independence Day celebrations.[60][61] On 6 February 2014 Sahrawi embassy was open.[54]
15 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts[62] ‡(New Delhi) — ASEAN
16 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts[63] ‡ (Pretoria) ‡ (Kuwait City)[64] AU
17 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts[65]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". ‡ (Dar es Salaam)[66] — AU; Relations are cancelled since 17 January 2014[67] to 23 November 2015.[68]
18 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts[69][70] Embassy (Mexico City)[71] ‡ (New York City)[72] Mexico–SADR relations
19 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts[73] Embassy (Maputo)[74] — AU, OIC
20 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Template:Dts[75] ‡ (Luanda)[76] ‡ (Algiers)[10] AU
21 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts[77] Embassy (Managua)[78] ‡ (New York City)[79] Relations were frozen from 21 July 2000 to 12 January 2007.[80]
22 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts[81] Embassy (Abuja)[82][83] ‡ (Algiers)[84] AU, OIC; Nigeria–SADR relations
23 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts[85] — — —
24 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda YesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Embassy, non resident (Kampala)[86] — AU
25 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Yes[87]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". — — AU, OIC
26 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts[88] Embassy (Pretoria)[89] ‡ (Algiers)[90] AU; SADR–South Africa relations
27 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:Dts[91] ‡ (Addis Ababa)[92][93] — AU; Relations were cancelled from 30 September 2018[94] to 20 September 2022.[95]
28 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania YesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Embassy (Dar es Salaam) — AU
29 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Template:Dts[96] Embassy (Dili)[97] — SADR–Timor-Leste relations
30 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts[98] Embassy (Kampala)[99] ‡ (Tripoli)[100] AU, OIC
31 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts[101] Embassy (Montevideo)[102] — —
32 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts[103] ‡ (Dili) — —
33 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[104][105] Embassy (Caracas) ‡ (Algiers)[106] SADR–Venezuela relations
34 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts[107] — ‡ (Algiers)[108] ASEAN
35 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts[109] Embassy (Harare)[110][111][112] ‡ (Algiers)[11] AU

Former diplomatic relations

File:Former relations of SADR.svg
Former relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  SADR, as claimed
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Diplomatic relations[note 3] and recognition[note 4] of SADR in the past
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Recognition[note 4] of SADR in the past only

A total of 20 states or more[note 3] maintained official diplomatic relations with the SADR in the past; they are currently suspended, frozen or cancelled. As of 21 November 2024, Panama is the most recent nation to formally cancel diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

# State Relations established Former Sahrawi mission[note 5][note 6] Former mission to Sahrawi Republic[note 5] Notes
1 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:Dts[115] — — AU; Relations were frozen from 5 May 2006 to 16 June 2008,[116] they are cancelled since 25 October 2010.[117][118]
2 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts[119] — — AU; Relations are frozen from 27 July 2007.[120][121]
3 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:Dts[122][123] — — AU; Relations are suspended from 17 March 2006.[124] <templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Further details
On 10 July 2007 Prime Minister of Chad Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye received Sahrawi Foreign Minister Mohamed Salem Ould Salek. According to the communiqué, dated 17 July 2007 both parties decided to raise their diplomatic relations to ambassadorial level. 20 July was published Chadian objection to ignore protocol in Alwihda article where was written about Prime Minister signature of relations agreement. On the same place of Governmental web was published full text of comminiqué from 17 July 2007. It shows that Chadian objection to Alwihda article was mistakenly interpreted as a denial of diplomatic relations as such.[123] On 11 August 2018 Sahrawi President expressed appreciation for the steadfast position of Chad in supporting the Sahrawi people's right to freedom and independence.[125] In 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chad reiterated that Chad has severed any relationship with SADR since 2006.[126]
4 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[127] — — AU. Relations were cancelled 13 September 1996[128]
5 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica YesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Embassy, non-resident (Panama City)[129] — Relations are frozen from 22 April 2000.[129][130][131]
6 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts[132] Embassy (Quito)[133][134] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[135] Relations were suspended from 22 October 2024[132][136]
7 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:Dts[137]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Embassy, non-resident (Managua)[138] Embassy, non-resident (New York City) Relations were cancelled from April 1997[28] to 6 June 2009 at the latest.[139] They were cancelled again on 15 June 2019.[140]
8 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Template:Dts[141] — — Relations were cancelled 16 August 2010[128]
9 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts[142] Embassy (Bissau)[28] — AU, OIC; Relations are cancelled since 30 March 2010.[143]
10 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Template:Dts[144] Embassy (Port-au-Prince) — Relations are cancelled since 2 October 2013.[145]
11 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts[146] Embassy (New Delhi)[147] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[148] Relations are cancelled since 26 June 2000.[9]
12 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia 30 October 2012 or before[149] Embassy, non-resident[149]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". — AU; Relations were suspended after Liberia opened a consulate in Dakhla, which is controlled by Morocco.[150]
13 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:Dts[151] Embassy (Antananarivo)[147] — AU; Relations are frozen from 6 April 2005.[152][153]
14 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts[154][155] Embassy, non-resident (Nairobi)[156][157][158] Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)[159] AU; Relations were cancelled from 27 December 2002[160] to 1 February 2008[161] and from 16 September 2008[162][163] to 6 March 2014 or shorter.[156] They were cancelled again from 5 May 2017.[164] <templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Further details
In the past, Malawi had non-resident embassy (Cairo) in the SADR,[165] later this embassy was not accredited to Sahrawi Republic.[166]
On 15 February 2012 SADR minister in charge of Africa was received by foreign minister of Malawi,[167] on 6 March 2014 SADR ambassador presented credentials to president of Malawi.[156]
In 2014, Malawi embassy in Cairo was accredited to the SADR again.[159]
15 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts[168] Embassy (Panama City)[169] — Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013[170] to 7 January 2016.[171] Relations suspended again on 21 November 2024.[172]

16 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:Dts[173][174] Embassy, non-resident (Montevideo)[175] — Relations were frozen from 25 July 2000 to 12 August 2008,[176] they are suspended from 3 January 2014.[177][178]
17 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts[179] Embassy (Lima) — Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Relations were frozen from 9 September 1996[180] to 8 September 2021;[181] suspended in September 2023.[182]

18 Template:Country data St. Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts[183] Embassy, non-resident (Tindouf)[184][185] — Relations are frozen from 15 February 2013.[186]
19 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Template:Dts[187] — — AU; Relations were cancelled from 23 October 1996[128]
20 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[188] Embassy, non-resident (Antananarivo,[189] then Algiers)[190] — AU; Relations are cancelled since 17 March 2008.[191]
21 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts[192] — — AU, OIC; Relations are cancelled since 18 June 1997.[128]
22 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia YesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)[193][194] — AU; Relations were cancelled from 29 March 2011.[195][196] to 21 November 2012.[197] Relations were cancelled again on 25 February 2017.[198] <templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Further details
According to Zambian sources, Foreign Minister Kabinga Pande received a bribe from Morocco for the MMD's 2011 election campaign and his personal re-election campaign in exchange for the "withdrawal" of recognition of the SADR.[199]
In July 2012 it was published, that the Michael Sata Government is in the process of recognising again the SADR as a sovereign state, as well as restoring the diplomatic relations.[200][201] Early 2020 Zambian opened a consulates general in Laayoune.[202]

Relations with international organisations

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic holds either 'member' or 'observer' status in several international organisations. It participates in the activities of organisations that have formalised its membership, as well as in activities of other organizations as a guest participant. The SADR is usually represented by a Government or national organisations such as the Sahrawi Trade Union.

International Organisation Status Representation Application date Admission date Notes
African Union (AU; formerly Organization of African Unity) member Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 23 June 1980[203] 31 August 1981[204] SADR representative is Vice President of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) from May 2015.[205]
Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa member[206][207] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances member[208] Association of the Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared (AFAPREDESA)
International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) member Sahrawi Youth Union (UJSARIO) UJSARIO representative was one of IUSY Vice Presidents for 2012–2014.[209]
Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU) member[210][211] Sahrawi Lawyers’ Union
Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) member National Union of Sahrawi Women (UNMS)
World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) member[212] Sahrawi Youth Union
World Federation of Trade Unions member Sahrawi Trade Union (UGTSARIO) 28 March 2000[213]
Non-member status
African Union–European Union Summit participant Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in all AU-EU Summits. In 2017, SADR participated on 5th Summit in Abidjan, Morocco's attempts to exclude SADR was thwarted.[214][215]
Andean Community of Nations Andean Community of Nations observer[note 7] Sahrawi National Council September 2011[216] 26 October 2011[217]
Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) participant[note 8] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in the opening conference of the PARLACEN, July 2010.[218]
Ibero-American Summit participant[note 8] Polisario Front — — Polisario Front participated in 22nd Ibero-American Summit in Cádiz, November 2012.[219]
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies observer[220] Sahrawi Red Crescent April 1977[221]
New Asian–African Strategic Partnership (NAASP) participant[note 9] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in first senior officials meeting of the NAASP in Durban, September 2006.[4][222]
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) guest[note 10] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated as guest in 16th Summit of NAM in Tehran, August 2012.
Permanent Conference of Political Parties of the Latin American and the Caribbean
(COPPPAL) 		participant[note 8] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in COPPPAL meeting in Managua, September 2006.[223]
SADR delegation participated in meeting of COPPPAL and ICAPP in Mexico City, October 2012.[224]
Progressive Alliance Progressive Alliance participant[225] Polisario Front — —
Socialist International consultative member Polisario Front 30 June 2008[226] Admitted as observer member. Promoted to consultative member in 2017.[227]

International treaties and conventions

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has signed a number of international treaties, conventions, protocols and charters negotiated in the context of the African Union. SADR participates in protection of human rights, common defense or trade liberalisation by signature of following agreements.

International treaty or convention Signature Ratification Notes
African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance Template:Dts[228] Template:Dts
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Template:Dts[229] Template:Dts
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child Template:Dts[230] —
African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration Template:Dts[231] —
African Continental Free Trade Agreement Template:Dts[232] — A trade agreement between some African Union member states which will establish the African Continental Free Trade Area.
African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) Template:Dts[233] Template:Dts
AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption Template:Dts[234] Template:Dts
AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) Template:Dts[235] Template:Dts
AU Non-aggression and Common Defence Pact Template:Dts[236] Template:Dts
Convention of the African Energy Commission Template:Dts[237] Template:Dts
Geneva Conventions Template:Dts[238] Polisario Front made a unilateral declaration under Article 93.3 of Protocol I to apply the four Conventions and Protocol I in the Western Sahara conflict with Morocco. Polisario Front is not recognized as a party of Conventions, but declaration was accepted by the depositary of Convenions (Swiss Federal Council).[239][240]
OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism Template:Dts[241] Template:Dts
Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights Template:Dts[242] —
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Template:Dts[243] Template:Dts
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa Template:Dts[244] —
Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC Treaty) Template:Dts[245] Template:Dts[246] SADR signed to the AEC Treaty,[247] but not participates in any of the AEC pillars.

Participation in international sports federations

In 2015, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic participated for the first time in the All Africa Games, the biggest African multi-sports event.

International Organisation Status Representation Application date Admission date Notes
African Union Sports Council[248] member Sahrawi Ministry of Youth and Sports[249] In September 2015, Sahrawi Republic participated in the 11th All Africa Games.[250]
N.F.-Board[note 11] provisional member Sahrawi Football Federation December 2003 In 2012, a Sahrawi team participated for the first time in the Viva World Cup hosted by Iraqi Kurdistan.
CONIFA member Sahrawi Football Federation August 2016

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ While ambassadors usually presented credentials to Sahrawi President in Camp Rabuni in Algeria, Cuban and Namibian ambassadors in March 2018 and Zimbabwean ambassador as third in May 2018 presented credentials to Sahrawi President in Liberated Territories of the SADR (in Bir Lehlou or Tifariti).[10][11]
  2. ↑ In May 2018, delegations represented by the ambassadors of Vietnam, Ecuador, Namibia, Cuba and South Africa and diplomats from Ethiopia, Uganda, Angola and Nigeria attended the festivities commemorating the 45th anniversary of the outbreak of the Sahrawi armed struggle in Tifariti, Liberated Territories.[12]
  3. ↑ a b The number of States which maintained diplomatic relations with SADR in the past is likely to be more, but for any relations with States that "withdrew" or "froze" recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources.
  4. ↑ a b According to international law regarding recognition of states, contained in article 6 of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States: "Recognition of a state simply means that the state recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable". Therefore, once one state recognizes another as a fellow sovereign state, this recognition cannot be revoked, except when one or the other ceases to exist. One can only revoke the recognition of a government (for example by breaking off diplomatic relations), not of the state itself.[113][114]
  5. ↑ a b The number of former embassies which existed in the past is likely to be more, but for any embassies to/of states that "withdrew" or "froze" recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources.
  6. ↑ The former embassies usually continue to work, but as a unilateral Representative Offices without diplomatic privileges from the host country.
  7. ↑ In the framework of the Andean Parliament.
  8. ↑ a b c There is not a formal status of the SADR, but here is the SADR official participation in the activities of this international organization.
  9. ↑ NAASP does not have formalised membership, it is open to States of Asia and Africa.
  10. ↑ There is no permanent guest status, but often several non-member states are represented as guests at NAM conferences.
  11. ↑ N.F.-Board is defunct since January 2013.

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References

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  1. ↑ Thomas Frear: The foreign policy options of a small unrecognised state: the case of Abkhazia, in: Caucasus Survey, Vol. 1 (2014), No. 2, pp. 83-107 (here: p. 97), DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2014.11417293.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "The government of India has decided, suddenly without any explanation, to withdraw the recognition granted in 1985 to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."embajador de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (RASD)... en el primer diplomático saharaui residente en este país andino"
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."The Sahrawi Republic opened a new Embassy in Botswana starting this June"
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."On the 27th of September, the Embassy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Colombia was officially opened"
  28. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática"
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."The Mission is accredited to... the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)"
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."Embassy of Republic of Sahrawi... Chacao, DC, Venezuela"
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Arvin Boolell: "Mauritius has consistently supported the right to self-determination and independence of the people of Western Sahara and entertains close diplomatic relations with the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) since 1983."
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."Enlace con: ...República Árabe Saharaui Democrática..."
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Embaixada do República Arabe Saharaui Democratica"
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Saharawi (Non-Resident) Embassy of the Arab Democratic Republic of Saharawi"
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic - Joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations"
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Algeria also accredited to the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."Sahrawi Republic....Addis Ababa"
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Lisualdo Gaspar, Director of Bilateral Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Timor‑Leste: "In fact, he added, Timor‑Leste had accorded full diplomatic representation to the Embassy of the "Saharawi Republic" in its capital, Dili, in 2010"
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Embassy of the Saharawi Republic in Zimbabwe
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Malgré le gel de la reconnaissance de la République Arabe de Sahraoui Démocratique, les relations entre les deux pays se sont nettement renforcées, a martelé l’Autorité burundaise."
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."deux parties ont décidé d’élever leurs relations diplomatiques"
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."...appointment of the Saharawi diplomat... as the first resident ambassador in Quito, Ecuador"
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Following our recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in October 1985, an SADR Embassy has started functioning in New Delhi."
  147. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "With the opening of the Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in Delhi, India's Ambassador to Algeria was concurrently accredited to the SADR."
  149. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, C/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Sahrawi Arab Republic, H. E. Mr. Abd Mohamed Yahia, Ambassador"
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."On June 23 the Sahrawi Republic had applied for its admission to the O.U.A., as because of the successive recognitions of African countries, 26 of 50 members recognized the S.A.D.R. and were favorable to the admission in accordance to article 28 of the O.U.A. Charter, that demanded a simple majority."
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."on August 31 General Secretary Edem Kodjo had communicated the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic government their admission to the Organization for the African Unity as member nº 51 according to article 28 of the O.A.U. Charter, as 26 states supported the S.A.D.R., representing a simple majority over 50 so it was, then, a mere administrative proceeding competence of the General Secretary"
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "New affiliations with the WFTU - No.12, Western Sahara, UGTSARIO"
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."The Sahrawi Red Crescent has observer status with the League of Red Cross Societies and is the formal channel for all external assistance to the Sahrawi people, (full membership is precluded until SADR has gained membership of the United Nations)."
  221. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"."...in April the Sahrawi Red Crescent obtained the status of observer at the IX Congress of the Arab Red Crescent, analog to the International Red Cross, what supposed also the boycott of this reunion by Morocco."
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  239. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Template:Foreign relations of states with limited recognition Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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