Foreign relations of Thailand

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Sidebar". The foreign relations of Thailand are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand.

Thailand participates fully in international and regional organizations. It has developed close ties with other ASEAN members—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Laos, and Vietnam—whose foreign and economic ministers hold annual meetings. Regional cooperation is progressing in economic, trade, banking, political, and cultural matters. In 2003, Thailand served as APEC host. Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, the former Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, served as Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) from 2005 until 31 August 2015. In 2005 Thailand attended the inaugural East Asia Summit.

Since the military coup of May 2014, Thailand's global reputation has plunged, according to Professor Thitinan Pongsudhirak of Chulalongkorn University. He maintains that, "When the fourth anniversary of Thailand's coup comes to pass later this month [May 2018], Thailand's foreign relations will be one of the many costs to be counted from the military government....Instead of moving ahead in its relations with the outside world, Thailand has regressed to a standstill.[1]

Disputes

Parts of the border with Laos are undefined. A maritime boundary dispute with Vietnam was resolved, August 1997. Parts of maritime border with Cambodia are disputed.[2] Sporadic conflict with Myanmar over alignment of border.[3]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Thailand maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Thailand.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:DTS[4]
2 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:DTS[4]
3 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:DTS[4]
4 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:DTS[4]
5 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:DTS[4]
6 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:DTS[4]
7 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:DTS[4]
8 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:DTS[4]
9 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:DTS[5]
10 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:DTS[4]
11 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:DTS[6]
12 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:DTS[4]
13 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:DTS[4]
14 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:DTS[4]
15 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:DTS[7]
16 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Template:DTS[8]
17 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:DTS[9]
18 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:DTS[10]
19 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:DTS[11]
20 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:DTS[12]
21 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:DTS[4]
22 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:DTS[13]
23 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:DTS[14]
24 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan Template:DTS[15]
25 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:DTS[16]
26 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:DTS[4]
27 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:DTS[17]
28 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:DTS[18]
29 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:DTS[19]
30 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:DTS[20]
31 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:DTS[18]
32 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:DTS[21]
33 File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:DTS[22]
34 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:DTS[14]
35 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:DTS[23]
36 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:DTS[24]
37 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:DTS[25]
38 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:DTS[18]
39 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:DTS[26]
40 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:DTS[4]
41 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:DTS[27]
42 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:DTS[4]
43 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:DTS[28]
44 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:DTS[29]
45 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:DTS[4]
46 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:DTS[30]
47 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:DTS[31]
48 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:DTS[32]
49 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:DTS[33]
50 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:DTS[34]
51 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:DTS[35]
52 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:DTS[18]
53 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:DTS[36]
54 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:DTS[37]
55 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:DTS[38]
56 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:DTS[39]
57 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:DTS[40]
58 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:DTS[41]
59 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:DTS[42]
60 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:DTS[43]
61 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:DTS[44]
62 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:DTS[45]
63 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:DTS[46]
File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:DTS[4]
64 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:DTS[15]
65 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:DTS[4]
66 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:DTS[14]
67 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:DTS[4]
68 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:DTS[4]
69 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:DTS[47]
70 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:DTS[48]
71 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:DTS[4]
72 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:DTS[4]
73 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:DTS[4]
74 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:DTS[49]
75 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:DTS[4]
76 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:DTS[50]
77 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:DTS[51]
78 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:DTS[52]
79 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:DTS[53]
80 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:DTS[54]
81 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Template:DTS[55]
82 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:DTS[14]
83 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:DTS[56]
84 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:DTS[57]
85 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:DTS[58]
86 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:DTS[18]
87 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Template:DTS[59]
88 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Template:DTS[60]
89 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Template:DTS[61]
90 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:DTS[62]
91 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:DTS[18]
92 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:DTS[63]
93 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:DTS[60]
94 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:DTS[4]
95 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:DTS[64]
96 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:DTS[65]
97 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:DTS[66]
98 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:DTS[67]
99 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:DTS[60]
100 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:DTS[68]
101 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:DTS[69]
102 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:DTS[60]
103 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:DTS[60]
104 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:DTS[70]
105 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:DTS[14]
106 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:DTS[4]
107 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:DTS[60]
108 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:DTS[71]
109 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Template:DTS[72]
110 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:DTS[60]
111 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:DTS[73]
File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:DTS[4]
112 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:DTS[74]
113 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:DTS[75]
114 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:DTS[4]
115 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:DTS[76]
116 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:DTS[77]
117 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:DTS[18]
118 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:DTS[78]
119 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:DTS[60]
120 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:DTS[79]
121 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:DTS[18]
122 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:DTS[80]
123 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:DTS[81]
124 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Template:DTS[82]
125 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:DTS[14]
126 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:DTS[83]
127 File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Template:DTS[60]
128 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Template:DTS[60]
129 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:DTS
130 File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:DTS[60]
131 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:DTS[60]
132 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Template:DTS[60]
133 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Template:DTS[84]
134 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:DTS[18]
135 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:DTS[85]
136 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Template:DTS[86]
137 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Template:DTS[87]
138 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Template:DTS[18]
139 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:DTS[60]
140 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:DTS[60]
141 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:DTS[88]
142 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:DTS[89]
143 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Template:DTS[60]
144 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:DTS[60]
145 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:DTS[18]
146 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:DTS[90]
147 File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Template:DTS[15]
148 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:DTS
149 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Template:DTS[18]
150 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:DTS[18]
151 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Template:DTS[18]
152 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Template:DTS[91]
153 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:DTS[4]
154 File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia Template:DTS[14]
155 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:DTS[4]
156 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:DTS[4]
157 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:DTS[18]
158 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:DTS[18]
159 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:DTS[18]
160 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:DTS[4]
161 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:DTS[4]
162 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:DTS[4]
163 Template:Country data Georgia Template:DTS[4]
164 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:DTS[4]
165 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:DTS[18]
166 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:DTS[18]
167 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:DTS[18]
168 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:DTS[4]
169 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:DTS[4]
170 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:DTS[4]
171 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:DTS[4]
172 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:DTS[14]
173 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Template:DTS[92]
174 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:DTS[18]
175 File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Template:DTS[14]
176 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Template:DTS[14]
177 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Template:DTS[4]
178 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Template:DTS[93]
179 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:DTS[4]
180 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Template:DTS[4]
181 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Template:DTS[94]
182 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:DTS[95]
183 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Template:DTS[14]
184 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:DTS[4]
File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands Template:DTS[14]
185 File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati Template:DTS[14]
186 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Template:DTS[14]
187 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Template:DTS[96]
188 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:DTS[4]
189 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:DTS[97]
190 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:DTS[4]
Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:DTS[98]
File:Flag of Niue.svg Niue Template:DTS[14]
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Template:DTS[4]
191 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:DTS[99]
192 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Template:DTS[60]

Asia

ASEAN

Country Formal relations began Notes
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei 1 January 1984 See Brunei–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 19 December 1950 See Cambodia–Thailand relations
  • Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined. On 5 November 2009 Thailand recalled its ambassador from Cambodia in protest of the Cambodian government's appointment of Thai ex-leader Thaksin Shinawatra as an economic adviser.[102] Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva stated that this was "the first diplomatic retaliation measure" against the appointment.[102] He also said that Cambodia was interfering in Thai internal affairs and as a result bi-lateral co-operation agreements would be reviewed.[102] The Cambodian government has stated that it would refuse any extradition request from Thailand for Thaksin as it considered him to be a victim of political persecution.[102]
  • In the months leading up to the Cambodian decision, troops from both nations had clashed over territory claimed by both countries immediately adjacent to Preah Vihear, an 11th-century Hindu temple, leading to a deterioration in relations.[102] At 20:30 on 5 November Cambodia announced that it was withdrawing its ambassador from Thailand as a retaliatory measure.[103][104] Sok An, a member of the Council of Ministers and Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia, said that the appointment of Thaksin is a decision internal to Cambodia and that it "conforms to international practice".[104] The mutual withdrawal of ambassadors is the most severe diplomatic action to have occurred between the two countries.[104]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh, while Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 7 March 1950[105] See Indonesia–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos 19 December 1950 See Laos–Thailand relations
  • In some respects, Thailand can be seen as a greater threat to Laos's independence than Vietnam because of its closer cultural affinity, its easier access, and its control over the railroad and highway routes to the sea. The Mekong River, which both sides have an interest in making a "river of true peace and friendship" — as their respective prime ministers called for in 1976 – also provides a north–south artery during the rainy season.[110]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Vientiane and a consulate-general in Savannakhet.
  • Laos has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 31 August 1957 See Malaysia–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar 24 August 1948 See Myanmar–Thailand relations

Myanmar has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai. Thailand has an embassy in Yangon.[111][112]

File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 14 June 1949 See Philippines–Thailand relations
  • Thailand is one of the Philippines' major trading partners and one of the Philippines' rice suppliers. Relations continue to be strengthened through talks and agreements on economic, security, and cultural matters including concerns on rice trading, and combatting drugs and human trafficking.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Manila and an honorary consulate in Cebu.[113]
  • The Philippines has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Both countries are the only Major non-NATO Allies in Southeast Asia.[114][115]
  • Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group and G20 developing nations together with Indonesia.
  • A Treaty of Friendship was signed by both countries on June 14, 1949.[116]
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore 20 September 1965 See Singapore–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 6 August 1976 See Thailand–Vietnam relations
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries have existed since 1976, and are very friendly both economically and politically nowadays.[118] Yet, relations between the two countries had always been marred by discord, which resulted from bitter rivalry to gain control of the area of what is today Laos and Cambodia.
  • In the 19th century, Thailand (then known as Siam) had fought a series of wars with the Nguyễn dynasty which then ruled over Vietnam over control of Cambodia. This rivalry will only temporarily subside when French colonists stepped in and gradually building an establishment in Southeast Asia, known as French Indochina.
  • During the Vietnam War, Thailand was aligned with South Vietnam and the United States and the U Tapao Air Base was used as a base for USAF aircraft. During the Fall of Saigon in 1975, fleeing South Vietnamese pilots arrived at U Tapao before fleeing to other countries.
  • In 1979, when the Khmer Rouge government in neighbouring Cambodia was toppled, this had raised concerns in Thailand and the Thai government quickly allied itself with the Khmer Rouge, later the CGDK, in fear of Vietnamese expansionism. In fact, Thailand was foremost among the ASEAN, of which it is part of, in opposing the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.
  • Cambodian refugees soon stayed at border camps straddling the Thai-Cambodian border, and these camps are often controlled by the Khmer Rouge or the CGDK. In the years that followed, Vietnam launched a series of raids on the camps and Vietnamese troops often penetrated into Thai territory and shelled Thai border villages and towns.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.
  • Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Non-Aligned Movement.

Rest of Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain 17 January 1977
  • Historically, Bahrain and Thailand shared mutual common of historical civilizations developed in both countries.[119]
  • Since the 1990s, Thailand and Bahrain signed a major framework on economic cooperation, thus effectively making them important economic partners.[120] Today, Thailand is a major investor in Bahrain.
  • In March 2019, Bahraini Prime Minister and Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, during his participation in the Thai Culture and Food Festival held in capital Manama, praised Thailand and expressed wish to promote the relations.[119]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Manama.
  • Bahrain has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 5 October 1972 See Bangladesh–Thailand relations
  • Relations are considered close and cordial and have made strides to improve trade and investment between the two countries. Diplomatic relations were established on 5 October 1972 and Thailand opened its embassy in 1974 followed by Bangladesh setting up their own in Bangkok in the following year. The first visit between the two countries was President Ziaur Rahman's visit to Thailand in 1979 followed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda in 1983. Other Heads of States like Ershad visited in 1985, 1988 and 1990 and Thaksin Shinawatra in July and December 2002 and January 2004. Thailand is a key country in Bangladesh's "Look East" policy and relations have begun to increase and diversify into different areas.
  • They seek not to intervene in each other's internal matters as shown by their response to the events occurring in their own respective countries in 2006 such as the 2006 Thai coup d'état and 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis. Both have considerable cooperation in summits organised by BIMSTEC and the ASEAN regional forum. Upper class and upper middle class Bangladeshis often go to Thailand for medical treatment and operations that the country's medical infrastructure cannot provide.
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan 14 November 1989[121] See Bhutan–Thailand relations
  • Diplomatic relations between both countries have grown stronger over the years.
  • Bhutan and Thailand also promote cooperation in the field of education.[122]
  • Bhutan has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 1 July 1975[123] See China–Thailand relations
  • Thailand established diplomatic relations with the PRC on 1 July 1975. It remains as a key regional ally of China, with growing cooperation between both countries.[124][125][126][127][128]
  • For an evaluation of Sino-Siamese relations, see Siamese Inter-State Relations in the Late Nineteenth Century: From An Asian Regional Perspective.[129]
File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) See Hong Kong–Thailand relations
  • Thailand has a consulate-general in Hong Kong.
  • Hong Kong has an Economic and Trade Office in Bangkok.
  • On 27 April 2017, Hong Kong Chief Executive CY Leung met Thai Deputy Prime Minister Somkid Jatusripitak at Government House, Hong Kong. They exchanged views on Hong Kong's free trade agreement negotiations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.[130]
File:Flag of India.svg India 1 August 1947 See India–Thailand relations
  • Diplomatic relations between India and Thailand were established in 1947, soon after India gained independence. Thailand maintains three diplomatic posts in India: in Mumbai, in New Delhi, and in Calcutta. India maintains an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.
  • The end of the Cold War led to a significant enhancement in the substance and pace of bilateral interactions. Indian Look East policy from 1993 and Thailand's Look West policy since 1996 set the stage for a substantive consolidation of bilateral relations. The past few years since 2001 have witnessed growing warmth, increasing economic and commercial links, exchange of high-level visits on both sides, and the signing of a large number of Agreements leading to a further intensification of relations. Thailand and India are cooperating in various multilateral fora like India's dialogue partnership with ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the East Asia Summit, the sub-regional grouping BIMSTEC involving Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan, and trilateral transport linkages with Thailand, Myanmar and India. India is a member of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) initiated by Thailand in 2002 and of the Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC), a group of six countries.
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 9 November 1955 See Iran–Thailand relations
  • Relations between the two countries began when visits of Persian diplomatic delegations to Siam are attested as early as 1685.[131] Indo-Persians made up the largest group of Muslims from the 16th to 18th centuries. Influential Persian families like the Bunnag dominated Thai courts for some time.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • Iran has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Tehran.
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 23 June 1954[17] See Israel–Thailand relations

Israel and Thailand have had official relations since June 1954. The Israeli embassy in Bangkok was established in 1958.[132] Since 1996, Thailand has had an embassy in Tel Aviv.[133] After the floods in 2011, Israel sent water management experts to Thailand. Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol is involved in advancing scientific cooperation between the two countries. The Thai ambassador to Israel is Jukr Boon-Long.[134]

File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 26 September 1887 See Japan–Thailand relations
File:Abhisit Vejjajiva and Yukio Hatoyama 20091108.jpg
Abhisit with Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, 8 November 2009, Tokyo
  • Japan has become a key trading partner and foreign investor for Thailand. Japan is Thailand's largest supplier, followed by the United States. Since 2005, the rapid ramp-up in export of automobiles of Japanese makes (esp. Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu) has helped to dramatically improve the trade balance, with over 1 million cars produced last year. As such, Thailand has joined the ranks of the world's top ten automobile exporting nations. In 2007, a Japan–Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement was signed, aiming at free trade between the two countries after a transition period of 10 years.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Tokyo and consulates-general in Osaka and Fukuoka.
  • Japan has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 8 May 1975 See North Korea–Thailand relations
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 1 October 1958 See South Korea–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1958. The year 2008 is the 50th year of bilateral relations with two nations. During the Korean War, Thailand was the second nation sending troops for supporting South Korea just after the United States. In October 2003, South Korea president Roh Moo-hyun visited Thailand while Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra went to Seoul in November 2005.[136] South Korean is the 10th largest trade partner, which is about to reach the scale of 10 billion dollars.[137]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Seoul
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman 30 July 1980 See Oman–Thailand relations
  • Oman and Thailand would soon establish relations with the ascend of Qaboos bin Said al Said as Sultan of Oman in 1980.
  • Thailand is one of the most popular tourist destinations for Omanis outside the Gulf states, especially medical tourism.[138]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Muscat.[139]
  • Oman has an embassy in Bangkok.[140]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 10 October 1951 See Pakistan–Thailand relations
Template:Country data Palestine 1 August 2012 See Palestine–Thailand relations
  • Thailand officially recognized the State of Palestine as an independent state on 18 January 2012.[142]
  • Palestine has a non-resident embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • In 2016, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas visited Thailand and met with then Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha.[143]
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 7 August 1980 See Qatar–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980. Their cooperation mainly revolves around tourism and energy.[144]
  • According to the Thailand Labour Ministry, in 2017 there were 1,188 Thai citizens working in Qatar, and were mainly concentrated in the massage services industry and the construction industry.[145]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 1 October 1957 See Saudi Arabia–Thailand relations
  • Relations Saudi Arabia and Thailand were established in 1957 and hundreds of thousands of Thais went to Saudi Arabia to work.[146] However, relations have been severely strained for the past 20 years due to fallout from the Blue Diamond Affair. Diplomatic missions were downgraded to chargé d'affaires level and the number of Thai workers in Saudi Arabia plummeted.[146] Saudi Arabia does not issue working visas for Thais and discourages its citizens from visiting the country.
  • On January 26, 2022, both countries announced they restored full diplomatic relations and would appoint ambassadors.[147]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan No formal diplomatic relations See Taiwan–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 12 May 1958 See Thailand–Turkey relations
  • Thailand has an embassy in Ankara.[148]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bangkok.[148]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 1.342 billion USD in 2018 (Thai exports/imports: 1.09/0.256 billion USD).[149]
  • Negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) began in 2017.[148]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Bangkok and Phuket.[148]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 12 December 1975[54] See Thailand–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1975.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bangkok.

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize 11 June 1999

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1999.[150]

File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 17 April 1959 Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 8 November 1961 Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 20 April 1979
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 28 August 1975 Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru 10 November 1965 Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

In 2009, Thailand and Peru signed a free trade agreement calling for elimination of tariffs on 70% of 5,000 items listed in the agreement. Thailand imports tin and fish from Peru. Peru imports auto parts, electrical appliances, and clothes from Thailand.[158]

File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 20 March 1833 Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
File:Abhisit Vejjajiva with Obamas.jpg
Pimpen Vejjajiva, Michelle Obama, Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and U.S. President Barack Obama on 23 September 2009, in New York

Thailand has had relations with the United States since 1833. In 2003, the United States designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally, which grants Thailand many financial and military benefits derived from the United States.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 7 July 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992 by protocol.[163]
  • Armenia has an honorary consulate in Bangkok.[164]
  • Thailand is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia and through hononary consulate in Yerevan.[165]
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria
  • Austria has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Vienna.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 7 July 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992.[166]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bangkok. Thailand uses its embassy in Ankara, Turkey, to be responsible for Thai-Azerbaijani relations.[166]
  • Thailand has an honorary consulate in Baku.
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 10 August 1974
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 9 September 1992
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 5 May 1980
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 21 May 1858 See Denmark–Thailand relations
  • Denmark is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Phuket.
  • Thailand is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Copenhagen.
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts See Foreign relations of Estonia
  • Thailand (then Siam) first recognised Estonia on 22 October 1921.[174]
  • Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1992.
  • Estonia is represented in Thailand through its consulates in Bangkok and Phuket.[175]
  • Thailand is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Finland.
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
File:Asean flag flying at Royal Thai Embassy Helsinki.jpg
Royal Thai Embassy in Helsinki flying the Asean flag as well as own national flag.
File:Flag of France.svg France 15 August 1856 See France–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 7 February 1862 See Germany–Thailand relations
File:Flaggen 3451 08.JPG
Flags of Thailand, Germany and Bavaria for the visit of prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra in Munich 2012
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece 26 May 1958
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 24 October 1973
Template:KOS 22 November 2013 See Kosovo–Thailand relations
  • Thailand recognised the Republic of Kosovo as independence state on 24 September 2013.[188][189]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 November 2013.
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Bangkok.
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 1604 See Netherlands–Thailand relations
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland
  • Poland has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 10 February 1859 See Portugal-Thailand relations
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 1 June 1973
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia See Thailand-Russia relations
File:Vladimir Putin at APEC Summit in Thailand 19-21 October 2003-8.jpg
President Putin with former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra before the start of the APEC Summit in 2003

The Soviet Union and Thailand established diplomatic relations with each other on 12 March 1941; Thailand recognised Russian Federation as the successor to Soviet Union on 28 December 1991. Russia has an embassy in Bangkok and two honorary consulates in Phuket and Pattaya. Thailand has an embassy in Moscow and two honorary consulates in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok.

File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 23 February 1870 See Spain-Thailand relations
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 18 May 1868
File:Flags of Sweden and Thailand.jpg
Flags of Sweden and Thailand
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 6 May 1992
  • Thailand is represented in Ukraine through its consulate in Kyiv.[199]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Pattaya.[200]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 18 April 1855

After Burma lost the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26) relations opened between the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam and the United Kingdom with a treaty of alliance in February 1826 and another treaty in June negotiated by East India Company emissary Henry Burney. This was followed by the Bowring Treaty of 1855 to liberalise trade. In 1893, Lord Lansdowne of the British Raj finalized the border between Burma and Siam; the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 then dissected the northern Malay states.

  • In 1917 the modern Siamese kingdom declared war on Germany during World War I, which secured it a seat at the Versailles Peace Conference. Foreign Minister Devawongse Varopakarn used this as an opportunity to argue for the repeal of the 19th century treaties and restoration of full Siamese sovereignty. While Britain and France delayed until 1925, the United States obliged in 1920. Following the outbreak of World War II, relations with Britain, France and the United States deteriorated rapidly – though former Queen Rambai Barni was nominal head of the Seri Thai resistance movement in Great Britain. Japan allowed Thailand to resume sovereignty over the sultanates of northern Malaya that had been lost in the 1909 treaty with Britain, and to invade and annex the Shan States in northern Burma. After the Japanese surrender, Allied military responsibility for Thailand fell to the British, who favoured treating the kingdom as a defeated enemy. Americans, however, supported Thailand's new government; during the Cold War relations with the United Kingdom took a back seat to those with the United States.

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand

See also

Script error: No such module "Portal".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  99. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. Brown, MacAlister and Joseph J. Zasloff. "Relations with Thailand". Laos: a country study (Andrea Matles Savada, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (July 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  111. Burmese embassy in Bangkok Template:Webarchive
  112. Thai embassy in Burma Template:Webarchive
  113. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. CE meets Thai deputy PM
  131. Safine-ye SolaymanITemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in Encyclopaedia Iranica
  132. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. Thai embassy in Tel Aviv Template:Webarchive
  134. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. Official webpage of Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Thailand. Template:Webarchive
  137. Template:In lang 재외공관 인사말 Template:Webarchive
  138. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. a b "Time running out for thai-saudi relations". Template:Webarchive (sic) Editorial. The Nation. 9 April 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  147. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. Thailand, Peru Sign Free Trade Agreement, World Trade, December 2009, p. 14.
  159. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. Embassy of the United States in Bangkok (in English and Thai) Template:Webarchive
  163. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. Croatian embassy in Jakarta (also accredited to Thailand) Template:Webarchive
  170. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. 140 Years Peace: Fundamental Conditions for the Commencement of German-Thai Amity Template:Webarchive
  179. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. Prime Minister Thaçi officially receives Thailand recognition of Kosovo in a meeting with Thailand Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Surapong TovichakchaikulTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Prime Minister of Kosovo, 2013-09-26
  189. การรับรองโคโซโวโดยการสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับโคโซโว, ข่าวออนไลน์ RYT9, 2013-09-25 (in Thai)
  190. Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development, John Frank Cady, p.213
  191. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Busbarat, Pongphisoot. "Thailand's foreign policy towards neighbouring countries and ASEAN." in Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Thailand (Routledge, 2019) pp. 431–446.
  • Chachavalpongpun, Pavin. Reinventing Thailand: Thaksin and his foreign policy (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2010).
  • Chambers, Paul, and Poowin Bunyavejchewin. "Thailand's foreign economic policy toward mainland Southeast Asia." (2019). online Template:Webarchive
  • Guan, Ang Cheng. Southeast Asia's cold war: An interpretive history (U of Hawaii Press, 2018).
  • Klein, Ira. "Salisbury, Rosebery, and the Survival of Siam." Journal of British Studies 8.1 (1968): 119-139. in 1890s
  • Phuangkasem, Corrine. Thailand's Foreign Relations: 1964-80 (Brookfield Publishing Company, 1984).
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Suwannathat-Pian, Kobkua. Thai-Malay relations: traditional intra-regional relations from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries (Oxford University Press, USA, 1988).
  • Theeravit, Khien. "Thailand: An Overview of Politics and Foreign Relations." Southeast Asian Affairs (1979): 299-311. online
  • Theeravit, Khien. "Thai-Kampuchean Relations: Problems and Prospects." Asian Survey, 22#6 1982, pp. 561–576. online for Cambodia
  • Zawacki, Benjamin. Thailand: Shifting ground between the U.S. and a rising China (2nd ed. . Bloomsbury, 2021).

External links

Template:Wikisource/outer coreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Thailand topics Script error: No such module "Navbox".