Foreign relations of Portugal
Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Foreign relations of Portugal are linked with its historical role as a major player in the Age of Discovery and the holder of the now defunct Portuguese Empire. Portugal is a European Union member country and a founding member of NATO. It is a committed proponent of European integration and transatlantic relations. Paulo Rangel is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
Historical
Historically, the focus of Portuguese diplomacy has been to preserve its independence, vis-à-vis, the danger of annexation by Spain, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, which officially came into being in 1386, and with the United Kingdom as a successor to England, it is still in place today.
Other goals have also been constant such as the political stability of the Iberian Peninsula and the affirmation of Portuguese interests in Europe and the Atlantic (also in the Indian and Pacific Oceans throughout different moments in history).
International organizations
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Portugal was a founding member of NATO (1949), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1961), and European Free Trade Area (1960); it left the latter in 1986 to join the European Economic Community, which would become the European Union (EU) in 1993. In 1996, it co-founded the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). The country is a member state of the United Nations since 1955.
Recently, the primacy of the United States and inter-governmental organizations such as NATO and the United Nations have also been paramount in the affirmation of Portugal abroad.
Portugal has been a significant beneficiary of the EU. It was among the top beneficiaries of the EU-15 between 1995 and 2004 (only behind Spain and Greece in absolute terms, and behind Ireland and Greece in a per capita basis).[1] Portugal is a proponent of European integration and held the presidency of the European Union for the second time during the first half of 2000, and again in the second half of 2007. Portugal used its term to launch a dialogue between the EU and Africa and to begin to take steps to make the European economy dynamic and competitive. In 2002, the euro began to circulate as Portugal's currency. José Sócrates, as Prime Minister of Portugal, presided over the rotative Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the period July–December 2007.[2] In this post, Sócrates and his team focused on the EU-Brazil (1st EU-Brazil summit) and EU-African Union (2007 Africa-EU Summit) relations, as well as in the approval of the Treaty of Lisbon.
Portugal was a founding member of NATO; it is an active member of the alliance by, for example, contributing proportionally large contingents in Balkan peacekeeping forces. Portugal proposed the creation of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) to improve its ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries. Additionally, Portugal has participated, along with Spain, in a series of Ibero-American Summit. Portugal held the chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for the year 2002. The chairman-in-office was Portuguese Foreign Minister António Martins da Cruz.
Disputes
Portugal holds claim to the disputed territory of Olivença on the Portugal-Spain border.
International visits
- List of international prime ministerial trips made by Luís Montenegro
- List of international prime ministerial trips made by António Costa
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Portugal maintains diplomatic relations with:
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Bilateral relationships
Africa
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | Template:Dts[3] | |
| File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola | Template:Dts[3] | See Angola–Portugal relations.
Portugal ruled Angola for 400 years,[60] colonizing the territory from 1483 until independence in 1975. Angola's war for independence did not end in a military victory for either side, but was suspended as a result of a coup in Portugal, that replaced the Caetano regime with a Military junta. |
| File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde | Template:Dts[3] | See Cape Verde–Portugal relations
|
| Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Congo | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau | Template:Dts[3] | See Guinea-Bissau–Portugal relations |
| File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast | Template:Dts[3] |
|
| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | Template:Dts[3] |
|
| File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco | Template:Dts[3] | See Morocco–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique | Template:Dts[3] | See Mozambique–Portugal relations.
Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975. |
| File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria | Template:Dts[3] |
|
| File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations.
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| File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–South Africa relations.
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| File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania | [3] |
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| File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia | Template:Dts[3] |
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Americas
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina | Template:Dts[3] | See Argentina–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize | Template:Dts[49] |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1992.[61] |
| File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | Template:Dts[3] | See Brazil–Portugal relations.
Relations between Brazil and Portugal have spanned over four centuries, beginning in 1532 with the establishment of São Vicente, the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas, up to the present day.[62] Relations between the two are intrinsically tied because of the Portuguese Empire. They continue to be bound by a common language and ancestral lines in Portuguese Brazilians, which can be traced back hundreds of years.
|
| File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | Template:Dts[3] | See Canada–Portugal relations. |
| File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile | Template:Dts[3] | See Chile–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador | Template:Dts[36] |
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| File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | Template:Dts[3] | See Mexico–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama | Template:Dts[16] |
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| File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru | Template:Dts[11] | Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
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| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Template:Dts[7] | See Portugal–United States relations.
Portugal was among the first nations to establish diplomatic ties with the United States. Contributing to the strong ties between the United States and Portugal are the 20,000 Americans living in Portugal and some sizable Portuguese communities in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, California, and Hawaii. The latest census estimates that 1.3 million individuals living in the United States are of Portuguese ancestry, with a large percentage coming from the Portuguese Autonomous region of the Azores.
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| File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[63] | See Portugal–Uruguay relations.
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| File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela | Template:Dts[3] |
Asia
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia | Template:Dts[3] | See Armenia–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan | Template:Dts[3] | See Azerbaijan-Portugal relations.
|
| File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | Template:Dts[3] | See Bahrain–Portugal relations.
Bahrain was ruled by the Portuguese Empire from 1521 until 1602, when they were expelled by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty. |
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | Template:Dts[43] | See China–Portugal relations. |
| File:Flag of India.svg India | Template:Dts[3] | See India–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia | Template:Dts[3] | See Indonesia–Portugal relations.
In 1999, Indonesia and Portugal restored diplomatic relations, which were broken off following the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975.
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| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | Template:Dts[3] | See Iran–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq |
| |
| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Template:Dts[3] | See Israel–Portugal relations
The Estado Novo regime did not recognize Israel. Full diplomatic relations with the Israeli government were established in 1977, following the Portuguese revolution of 1974.[66]
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| File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan | Template:Dts[3] | See Japan–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–North Korea relations.
In 1975, North Korea and Portugal established diplomatic relations.[67] In 2017, Portugal cut diplomatic ties with North Korea.[68] |
| File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | Template:Dts[34] | See Portugal–South Korea relations
Although far apart in geographical terms, the known contacts between Portugal and Korea date from the beginning of the 17th century.
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| File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand | Template:Dts[12] | See Portugal–Thailand relations
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| File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Timor-Leste relations.
East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal for over 400 years. Portugal was a strong advocate of independence for East Timor, which was occupied annexed by neighboring Indonesia between 1975 and 1999, and has committed troops and money to Timor-Leste, in close cooperation with the United Nations and Timor-Leste's Asian neighbors.
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| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Turkey relations
Turkey's 161 years of political relations with Portugal date back to the Ottoman period when the Visconde do Seixal was appointed as an envoy to Istanbul. Diplomatic relations ceased during World War I and were re-established in the Republican period in 1926. A resident embassy was established in 1957.
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| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–United Arab Emirates relations
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| File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam | Template:Dts[3] |
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Europe
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania | Template:Dts[3] | See Albania–Portugal relations. |
| File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra | Template:Dts[51] | See Andorra–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria | Template:Dts[3] | See Austria–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | Template:Dts[3] | See Belgium–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria | Template:Dts[3] | See Bulgaria–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic | Template:Dts |
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| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Template:Dts[6] | See Denmark–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia |
| |
| File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of France.svg France | Template:Dts[3] | See France–Portugal relations
Portuguese links to France have remained very strong and the country is considered one of Portugal's main political partners.
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| File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | Template:Dts[3] | See Germany–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece | Template:Dts[10] | See Greece–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland | Template:Dts[25] |
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| File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Template:Dts[3] | See Italy–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo | Template:Dts[59] | See Kosovo–Portugal relations.
Portugal recognized Kosovo on 7 October 2008.[73][74][75] Kosovo has formally announced its decision to open an embassy in Lisbon.[76] |
| File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg |
| |
| File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta | Template:Dts[3] | See Malta–Portugal relations.
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| File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | Template:Dts[3] | See Netherlands–Portugal relations
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| Template:Country data North Macedonia | ||
| File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway | Template:Dts[17] | |
| File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland | Template:Dts[3] | See Poland–Portugal relations
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| File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Romania relations
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| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Russia relations.
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| File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Serbia relations.
Portugal established diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Serbia on 19 October 1917.[77] Relations continued with the successor Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Portuguese recognized the government in exile of this state after the German occupation of 1941.[78] Relations with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which took power in 1945 after World War II, were only established in 1974 after the Portuguese Carnation Revolution.[79] Following the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars, Portugal maintained relations with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, later reconstituted as Serbia and Montenegro and finally as Serbia after Montenegro declared its independence in July 2006.[80] Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon.[80] In April 1999, Portugal participated in the NATO bombing of Serbia from the Aviano air base in Italy.[81] Portugal also provided troops as part of NATO peacekeeping efforts in the breakaway Serbian province of Kosovo in 1999.[82] In April 1999, Serbia filed a complaint with the International Court of Justice regarding Portugal's use of force in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[83] As of 2007, Portugal still had about 300 troops in Kosovo.[84]
In the January–October 2006 period, bilateral trade between Serbia and Portugal were estimated at US$12.7 million.[80] |
| File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Spain relations.
Historically, the two states were long-standing adversaries, but in recent years, they have enjoyed a much friendlier relationship and in 1986, they entered the European Union together. |
| File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Sweden relations
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| File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland | Template:Dts[3] |
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| File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine | Template:Dts[3] | See Portugal–Ukraine relations.
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| File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Template:Dts | See Portugal–United Kingdom relations.
Portugal established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 May 1386.[4]Template:Irrelevant citation
Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,[103] the Council of Europe, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, and a Double Taxation Convention.[104] |
Oceania
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia | Template:Dts[3] | |
| File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand | Template:Dts[3] |
|
See also
References
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