Foreign relations of Panama

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists

Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Panama maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Panama.svg
# Country Date[1][2]
1 Template:Country data United States Template:Dts
2 Template:Country data France Template:Dts
3 Template:Country data Russia Template:Dts
4 Template:Country data Peru Template:Dts[3]
5 Template:Country data Costa Rica Template:Dts
6 Template:Country data Japan Template:Dts[4]
7 Template:Country data Italy Template:Dts
— Template:Country data Venezuela (suspended)[5] Template:Dts
8 Template:Country data Chile Template:Dts
9 Template:Country data Mexico Template:Dts[6][7]
10 Template:Country data Brazil Template:Dts[8]
11 Template:Country data Switzerland Template:Dts
12 Template:Country data Cuba Template:Dts
13 Template:Country data Netherlands Template:Dts
14 Template:Country data Spain Template:Dts
15 Template:Country data Portugal Template:Dts
16 Template:Country data Uruguay Template:Dts
17 Template:Country data Honduras Template:Dts
18 Template:Country data Belgium Template:Dts
19 Template:Country data United Kingdom Template:Dts
20 Template:Country data Ecuador Template:Dts
21 Template:Country data El Salvador Template:Dts
22 Template:Country data Argentina Template:Dts
— Template:Country data Holy See Template:Dts
23 Template:Country data Colombia Template:Dts
24 Template:Country data Czech Republic Template:Dts[9]
25 Template:Country data Guatemala Template:Dts[10]
26 Template:Country data Dominican Republic Template:Dts
27 Template:Country data Denmark Template:Dts
28 Template:Country data Sweden Template:Dts
29 Template:Country data Norway Template:Dts
30 Template:Country data Nicaragua Template:Dts
31 Template:Country data Bolivia Template:Dts[11]
32 Template:Country data Paraguay Template:Dts
33 Template:Country data Haiti Template:Dts
34 Template:Country data Lebanon Template:Dts
35 Template:Country data Israel Template:Dts[12][13]
— Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts
36 Template:Country data Turkey Template:Dts[14]
37 Template:Country data Germany Template:Dts
38 Template:Country data Serbia Template:Dts
39 Template:Country data Austria Template:Dts
40 Template:Country data Greece Template:Dts[15]
41 Template:Country data Egypt Template:Dts
42 Template:Country data Madagascar Template:Dts[16]
43 Template:Country data Canada Template:Dts
44 Template:Country data India Template:Dts
45 Template:Country data Republic of Korea Template:Dts
46 Template:Country data Jamaica Template:Dts[17]
47 Template:Country data Ethiopia Template:Dts
48 Template:Country data Pakistan Template:Dts
49 Template:Country data Cyprus Template:Dts
50 Template:Country data Romania Template:Dts
51 Template:Country data Algeria Template:Dts
52 Template:Country data Guyana Template:Dts
53 Template:Country data Libya Template:Dts[18]
54 Template:Country data Bulgaria Template:Dts
55 Template:Country data Guinea Template:Dts
56 Template:Country data Poland Template:Dts
57 Template:Country data Philippines Template:Dts
58 Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts
59 Template:Country data Australia Template:Dts
60 Template:Country data Grenada Template:Dts
61 Template:Country data Iran Template:Dts
62 Template:Country data Hungary Template:Dts
63 Template:Country data Vietnam Template:Dts
64 Template:Country data Syria Template:Dts
65 Template:Country data Finland Template:Dts
66 Template:Country data Malta Template:Dts
67 Template:Country data Sri Lanka Template:Dts
68 Template:Country data Kuwait Template:Dts
69 Template:Country data Iraq Template:Dts
70 Template:Country data Morocco Template:Dts
71 Template:Country data Albania Template:Dts
72 Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Dts
73 Template:Country data Suriname Template:Dts
— Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended)[19] Template:Dts
74 Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea Template:Dts
75 Template:Country data Belize Template:Dts
76 Template:Country data Myanmar Template:Dts
77 Template:Country data Singapore Template:Dts
78 Template:Country data Barbados Template:Dts[20]
79 Template:Country data Thailand Template:Dts
80 Template:Country data Nepal Template:Dts
81 Template:Country data Bangladesh Template:Dts[21]
82 Template:Country data Cameroon Template:Dts[22]
83 Template:Country data Luxembourg Template:Dts
84 Template:Country data Senegal Template:Dts
85 Template:Country data Sudan Template:Dts
86 Template:Country data Bahrain Template:Dts
87 Template:Country data Angola Template:Dts
88 Template:Country data Maldives Template:Dts
89 Template:Country data Ghana Template:Dts
90 Template:Country data Bahamas Template:Dts
91 Template:Country data Lithuania Template:Dts
92 Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts
93 Template:Country data Moldova Template:Dts
94 Template:Country data Slovakia Template:Dts
95 Template:Country data United Arab Emirates Template:Dts
96 Template:Country data New Zealand Template:Dts
97 Template:Country data Seychelles Template:Dts
98 Template:Country data Ukraine Template:Dts
99 Template:Country data Malaysia Template:Dts
100 Template:Country data Jordan Template:Dts
101 Template:Country data Oman Template:Dts
102 Template:Country data Latvia Template:Dts
103 Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts
104 Template:Country data South Africa Template:Dts
105 Template:Country data Estonia Template:Dts
106 Template:Country data Azerbaijan Template:Dts
107 Template:Country data Slovenia Template:Dts
108 Template:Country data Saint Lucia Template:Dts
109 Template:Country data Kazakhstan Template:Dts
110 Template:Country data Cambodia Template:Dts
111 Template:Country data Brunei Template:Dts
112 Template:Country data Papua New Guinea Template:Dts
113 Template:Country data Croatia Template:Dts
114 Template:Country data Andorra Template:Dts
115 Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts
116 Template:Country data Armenia Template:Dts
117 Template:Country data Belarus Template:Dts
118 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts
119 Template:Country data Iceland Template:Dts
120 Template:Country data Nigeria Template:Dts
121 Template:Country data Ireland Template:Dts
122 Template:Country data Qatar Template:Dts
123 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts
124 Template:Country data Namibia Template:Dts[23]
125 Template:Country data Afghanistan Template:Dts
126 Template:Country data San Marino Template:Dts
127 Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts
128 Template:Country data Benin Template:Dts
129 Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts
130 Template:Country data Tunisia Template:Dts
131 Template:Country data Montenegro Template:Dts
132 Template:Country data Botswana Template:Dts
133 Template:Country data Djibouti Template:Dts
134 Template:Country data Monaco Template:Dts
135 Template:Country data Burkina Faso Template:Dts
136 Template:Country data Liechtenstein Template:Dts
137 Template:Country data Mongolia Template:Dts
138 Template:Country data Dominica Template:Dts
139 Template:Country data Palau Template:Dts
140 Template:Country data Solomon Islands Template:Dts
141 Template:Country data Fiji Template:Dts
— Template:Country data Kosovo Template:Dts[24]
142 Template:Country data Saudi Arabia Template:Dts
143 Template:Country data Turkmenistan Template:Dts
144 Template:Country data Ivory Coast Template:Dts
145 Template:Country data China Template:Dts
146 Template:Country data Tajikistan Template:Dts[25]
147 Template:Country data Togo Template:Dts
148 Template:Country data Kenya Template:Dts
149 Template:Country data Cape Verde Template:Dts[26]
150 Template:Country data Laos Template:Dts
151 Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts
152 Template:Country data Uzbekistan Template:Dts
153 Template:Country data Timor-Leste Template:Date table sorting[27]
154 Template:Country data Federated States of Micronesia Template:Date table sorting[28]
155 Template:Country data Mauritania Template:Date table sorting
156 Template:Country data Rwanda Template:Dts
157 Template:Country data Uganda Template:Date table sorting[29]
158 Template:Country data Vanuatu Template:Date table sorting
159 Template:Country data Zimbabwe Template:Dts
160 Template:Country data Kiribati Template:Dts
— Template:Country data Cook Islands Template:DTS[30]
161 Template:Country data Marshall Islands Template:Dts
162 Template:Country data Zambia Template:Dts
163 Template:Country data Somalia Template:Dts[31]

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Canada Template:Dts[1] See Canada–Panama relations
Template:Country data China Template:Dts[1] See China–Panama relations and Panama–Taiwan relations.

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the Qing dynasty in 1909. After the Xinhai Revolution, Panama recognized the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), and retained diplomatic ties with the ROC until 2017. According to diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks, in 2009, after President Ricardo Martinelli took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the People's Republic of China (PRC).[34] This was rejected by the PRC, which did not want to disrupt its improving diplomatic relations with the ROC during the ROC Presidency of Ma Ying-jeou.[34]

On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).[35]

Template:Country data Chile 1 March 1908[1]
Template:Country data Colombia 9 July 1924 See Colombia–Panama relations
Template:Country data Costa Rica 29 December 1903 See Costa Rica–Panama relations
  • Panama has an embassy in San José.
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Panama City and a consulate in David.
Template:Country data India Template:Dts[1] See India–Panama relations

Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America.[38]

Template:Country data Kosovo 27 August 2013[42]

Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.[43] Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.[44]

Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City.[45] Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.

Template:Country data Mexico 29 May 1923[1] See Mexico–Panama relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Panama City.[46]
  • Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in Veracruz City.[47]
Template:Country data Peru 2 March 1908 Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
  • Panama has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
Template:Country data Russia 21 November 1903[1] See Panama–Russia relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Moscow.[48]
  • Russia has an embassy in Panama city.[49]
Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1 June 1979[1] See Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the SADR in 1978, during the military rule of Omar Torrijos.[50] Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013 to 7 January 2016;.[51]

Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2006[1]
Template:Country data Serbia 1953[1]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953.[53]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[54]
Template:Country data South Africa 1995[1]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.[1][55]
  • Panama has an embassy Pretoria.
  • South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.[55]
Template:Country data South Korea 30 September 1962[1] See Panama–South Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on Sep 30, 1962.

  • Panama has an embassy in Seoul.[56]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.[57][58][59]
Template:Country data Spain 10 May 1904[1] See Panama–Spain relations
Template:Country data Thailand 20 August 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982.[1][55]
  • Panama has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[55]
Template:Country data Turkey 21 September 1950 See Panama–Turkey relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Ankara.[62]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Panama.[62]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$260.9 million in 2019 (Panamanian exports/imports: 12.1/248.8 million USD).[62]
Template:Country data United Kingdom Template:Date table sorting See Panama–United Kingdom relations
File:PM bilat with Panama President.jpg
Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela with British Prime Minister Theresa May in 10 Downing Street, May 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 April 1908.

  • Panama maintains an embassy in London.[63]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Panama City.[64]

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement.[65] Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,[66] and an Investment Agreement.[67]

Template:Country data United States 13 November 1903
3 April 1964[1]		 See Panama–United States relations

The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. Cultural ties between the two countries are strong, and many Panamanians go to the United States for higher education and advanced training. In 2007, the U.S. and Panama partnered to launch a regional health worker training center. The center provides training to community healthcare workers in Panama and throughout Central America. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality. There is also a rapidly growing enclave of American retirees in the Chiriqui Province in western Panama.

Template:Country data Uruguay 28 October 1904 See Panama–Uruguay relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
Template:Country data Venezuela 1717

Severed Relations in 2024

See Panama–Venezuela relations

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

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  • Ealy, Lawrence O. The Republic of Panama in world affairs, 1903-1950 (U of Pennsylvania Press, 1951). online
  • Farnsworth, David N., and James W. McKenney. US-Panama relations, 1903–1978: A study in linkage politics (Routledge, 2020).
  • Major, John. "‘Pro mundi beneficio’? The Panama Canal as an international issue, 1943–8." Review of International Studies 9.1 (1983): 17–34.
  • Williams Jr, Harold E. Panamanian-US Relations Towards 2000: An Opportunity for Partnership (Naval Postgraduate School, 1995) online.

Template:Foreign relations of Panama Template:Panama topics Template:Americas topic Template:Foreign relations of South America

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  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Embassy of Chile in Panama City
  37. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Santiago de Chile
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16
  44. ↑ Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina Template:Webarchive, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish)
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  55. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  68. ↑ Embassy of Panama in Washington, D.C.
  69. ↑ Embassy of the United States in Panama City
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