Foreign relations of Nauru

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template other Nauru became a sovereign, independent republic on 31 January 1968, following the passage of the Nauru Independence Act 1967 by the Parliament of Australia and the end of its status as a United Nations Trust Territory. Nauru has established diplomatic relations with a number of nations, including most of its Pacific neighbors with which it maintains economic, cultural and administrative ties.

Membership in international organizations

Nauru was admitted to the United Nations on 14 September 1999. Nauru's application to the United Nations was questioned by the People's Republic of China due to Nauru's close diplomatic and trade links to Taiwan. Nevertheless, Nauru was granted UN full membership.

Nauru became a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations in May 1999. Since independence, Nauru had been a special member of the Commonwealth prior to 1999, but having fallen behind in payments, reverted to Special Member status on 1 July 2005, with no authoritative power. It then returned to be a full member again in June 2011.[1]

Additionally outside the region, Nauru is a member or participant of the ACP (Lomé Convention), the Alliance of Small Island States, the Asian Development Bank, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the G-77, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the ITU, and the International Olympic Committee.

Nauru is notable for its lack of membership in several major international organizations. Nauru is one of only seven UN members that is not a member of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and one of 12 not part of the International Finance Corporation. Nauru also is not a member of the International Development Association and has no society associated with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Finally, as with many other nations in Oceania, Nauru is not a member of the International Hydrographic Organization.

Membership in regional organizations

Regional cooperation through various multilateral organizations is a key element in Nauru's foreign policy. The country also hosted the regional meeting that resulted in the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest whose eight signatories (including Nauru) collectively controls 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply.[2] Additionally, Nauru is a full member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

Hosting refugees

In 2001 Nauru became host to approximately 867 refugees, mostly Afghan, who were intercepted while attempting to enter Australia illegally. This exchange was one of many which were collectively known as Australia's Pacific Solution. In February 2008, the last of the refugees were resettled in Australia.[3][4]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Nauru maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Nauru.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts[5]
2 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts[6]
3 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts[7]
4 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts[8]
5 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts[9]
6 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts[10]
7 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts[11]
8 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts[12]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
9 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts[13]
10 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:Dts[14]
11 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts[15]
12 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Template:Dts[16]
13 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts[17]
14 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:Dts[18]
15 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts[19]
16 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts[20]
17 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts[21]
18 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts[22]
19 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts[23][24]
20 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts[25]
21 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts[26]
22 File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia Template:Dts[27]
23 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts[28]
24 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts[29]
25 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:Dts[30]
26 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:Dts[31]
— File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts[32]
27 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Template:Dts[33]
28 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts[34]
— File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands Template:Dts[35]
29 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts[36]
30 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts[37]
31 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts[38]
32 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts[39]
33 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts[39]
34 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts[39]
35 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts[40]
36 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Dts[39]
37 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts[39]
38 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts[39]
39 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts[39]
40 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[41]
41 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts[42]
42 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts[43]
43 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts[39]
44 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts[39]
45 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts[39]
46 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts[44]
47 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts[39]
48 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts[39]
49 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts[39]
50 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts[39]
51 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts[39]
52 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts[39]
53 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:Dts[45]
54 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[46]
55 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts[47]
56 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts[39]
57 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts[39]
58 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts[39]
59 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts[39]
— File:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia Template:Dts[48]
— File:Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia Template:Dts[49]
60 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts[39]
61 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts[39]
62 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts[50]
63 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts[39]
64 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts[51]
65 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts[39]
66 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts[39]
67 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[39]
68 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts[52]
69 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[39]
70 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts[39]
71 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts[39]
72 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts[39]
73 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts[39]
74 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts[39]
75 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts[39]
76 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:Dts[53]
77 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts[54]
78 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts[55]
79 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts[39]
80 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts[56]
81 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts[39]
82 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts[39]
83 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts[57]
84 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts[39]
— File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts[58]
85 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts[59]
86 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts[39]
87 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts[39]
88 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:Dts[39]
89 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts[39]
90 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts[39]
91 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts[39]
92 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts[39]
93 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Dts[60]
94 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts[39]
95 File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati Unknown
— File:Flag of Niue.svg Niue Unknown
96 File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Unknown
97 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 16 August 1968 at Representative level, 21 November 1972 upgraded to High Commission Level See Australia–Nauru relations

Australia administered Nauru as a dependent territory from 1914 to 1968, and has remained one of Nauru's foremost economic and aid partners thereafter. Relations between the two countries are, at present, cordial, with Australia having committed itself to assisting Nauru's economic development.

  • Australia has a high commission in Aiwo.
  • Nauru has a high commission in Canberra and a consulate-general in Brisbane.
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China 21 July 2002 – 27 May 2005
24 January 2024 (second)		 See China–Nauru relations

The Republic of Nauru and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2002,[61] and resumed on 24 January 2024.[62]

File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 7 May 2002

In the late 2000s, Nauru began to strengthen its relations with Cuba. Cuba provides medical aid to Nauru; an unspecified number of Cuban doctors are serving in Nauru.[63]

In June 2007, Nauru adopted the "Cuban literacy method", reportedly used also in several other countries.[64] In October 2007, Nauruan Foreign Minister and Trade Minister David Adeang travelled to Cuba to strengthen relations between the two island nations.[63] This led to the creation of a Cuba-Nauru Joint Intergovernmental Commission for Economic Cooperation.[65] At approximately this time, Nauru-US relations underwent tensions for reasons which were not completely clear (See also: Foreign relations of Nauru#Ties with the United States of America, above).

In September 2008, Nauru's foreign minister attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana, aimed at "strengthening cooperation" between Nauru and Cuba, notably on coping with the impact of climate change.[66][67]

File:Flag of India.svg India 1975 See India-Nauru relations

India established relations with the country since its independence in 1968 and have had numerous visits by presidents of Nauru to the Republic since then. India is one of the largest donors to the island by helping the education ministry and revamping the island's parliament facilities to its MP's and its Speaker. India has also reserved 5 slots for Naruran citizens for training courses under the Indian Technical & Economical Cooperation (ITEC) programme in the year 2010–11.[3] One scholarship slot is also offered under General Cultural Scholarship of ICCR (Commonwealth Scheme).[68]

File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel See Israel–Nauru relations
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 21 September 2001
  • Mexico is accredited to Nauru from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Nauru does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 1975
  • Nauru does not have an accreditation to New Zealand.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Nauru from a New Zealand-based high commissioner.
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 30 December 1987 See Nauru–Russia relations

Russia is accredited to Nauru from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.

Nauru's banks are said to have provided services to the mafia in Russia during the 1990s; over the course of the 1990s, approximately 70 billion U.S. dollars owned by Russian mafia were held in Nauru banks.[69]

File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China (Taiwan) 4 May 1980[70] – 23 July 2002 (first)
14 May 2005 – 15 January 2024 (second)		 See Nauru–Taiwan relations
File:2016年5月20日總統就職 13.jpg
President Baron Waqa and ROC President Tsai Ing-wen in Taiwan.

On 15 January 2024, Nauru severed diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) again, restored diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, and recognized "the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate government of China" and "Taiwan as part of the People's Republic of China."[71]

On 21 July 2002, Nauru broke diplomatic relations with Taiwan and established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In 2003, Nauru closed its embassy in Beijing.[72] In April 2005, during a state visit to the Marshall Islands, ROC President Chen Shui-bian met and spoke with the Nauruan President Ludwig Scotty. On 14 May 2005, the two countries signed the necessary documents to restore formal ties and reopen embassies.[73] On 15 January 2024, Nauru cut ties with the ROC.[74]

File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Oct. 24, 1976[75]
Script error: No such module "flag". Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". See Nauru–United Kingdom relations
File:Nauru Independence Day.jpg
Representatives of the British Phosphate Commission with Nauruan President Hammer DeRoburt on Nauru Independence Day, January 1968.

Nauru established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 2 February 1992.[12]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

  • Nauru does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Nauru through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Honiara, Solomon Islands.[76]

The UK officially governed Nauru jointly with Australia and New Zealand from 1914–1968, when Nauru achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the United Nations.

File:Flag of the United States.svg United StatesScript error: No such module "anchor". 24 October 1976 See Nauru–United States relations

The Nauruan government has a very complex relationship with the United States; the government of Bernard Dowiyogo agreed to stop passport sales and offshore banking in return for an extensive aid package.[77] However, according to Nauru, that aid has not been delivered and Nauru is now looking to Japan and China for assistance.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". According to the U.S. Department of State, Nauru has cordial relations with the United States[78]

The U.S. has no consular or diplomatic offices in Nauru. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Nauru and make periodic visits.

In September 2007, David Adeang, Nauru's Foreign Minister, made a number of public statements in relation to the United States. He extolled Cuba and criticized US foreign policy, during a visit to the Caribbean island.[79] Subsequently, the US Department of State, referring to events investigated in 2007, reported criticism of Adeang in its Human Rights Report, issued for 2008.[80] This criticism was included in the State Department's report, despite the fact that police, having undertaken an investigation of allegations of wrongdoing, made no attempt to prosecute Adeang. Shortly after Adeang's public pronouncements, a crisis, with himself at the centre, led to the collapse of President of Nauru Ludwig Scotty's government.

Trade between the United States and Nauru is limited by the latter's small size and economic problems. The value of two-way trade in 2005 was US$1.6 million.

In October 2008 the new U.S. Ambassador to Fiji, also accredited to Nauru, pledged efforts to assist Nauru's economic development.[81]

Other countries

Nauru has diplomatic relations with most states in Oceania.[84] It also has ties with most major industrial countries, including Japan,[85] the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, France, the UK, Germany, Spain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America and South Africa.[83] Nauru has diplomatic relations with the European Union,[86] most of its member states[96] and a few other states in Europe,[97] including the Holy See (Vatican City).[98]

In 1995, Nauru broke off relations diplomatic relations with France to protest French nuclear testing in the Pacific. Relations were resumed in 1997.[99]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 23 April 2008,[100] which ended 13 November 2019 as Nauru withdrew its recognition.[101]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 15 December 2009.[102]

Relations with partially recognised states

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Nauru has used its position as a member of the United Nations to gain financial support from both the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) by changing its position on the political status of Taiwan. During 2002, Nauru signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC on 21 July. Nauru accepted $130m from the PRC for this diplomatic move.[103] In response, the ROC severed diplomatic relations with Nauru two days later. Nauru later re-established links with the ROC on 14 May 2005,[104] and diplomatic ties with the PRC were officially severed on 31 May 2005. Similarly, Nauru recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on 12 August 1981. Then, on 15 September 2000, Nauru withdrew recognition of the SADR, and signed accords with Morocco on the phosphates area, which are running out in the island.[105][106] In 2008, Nauru recognized Kosovo as an independent country, but withdrew its recognition in 2019.[101] Additionally, in 2009, Nauru became only the fourth country to recognize the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are both claimed by Georgia. Russia was reported to be giving Nauru $50m in humanitarian aid in return.[103]

Missions in Nauru

Nauru and the Commonwealth of Nations

Nauru has been an independent republic in the Commonwealth of Nations since 1968.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

See also

References

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External links

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