Foreign relations of Malawi

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Malawi's former President Bakili Muluzi continued the pro-Western foreign policy established by his predecessor, Hastings Banda. It maintains excellent diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. Malawi's close relations with South Africa throughout the apartheid era strained its relations with other African nations. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1994, Malawi developed, and currently maintains, strong diplomatic relations with all African countries.

Bilateral donors

Important bilateral donors include Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Republic of China (Taiwan), the United Kingdom, and the United States. Multilateral donors include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union, the African Development Bank, and the United Nations organizations.

SADC

Malawi assumed the chair of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 2001. Muluzi took an active role in SADC on issues such as the global coalition against terrorism and land reform in Zimbabwe.

ACP

Malawi has been a member of the ACP group since Lomé I and is also a party to the Cotonou Agreement, the partnership agreement between the European Community/European Union and 77 states from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Memberships in international organizations

Malawi is a member of the following international organizations: the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations and some of its specialized and related agencies (i.e. UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO), IMF, World Bank, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, Organization of African Unity (OAU), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Lomé Convention, African Development Bank (AFDB), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Non-Aligned Movement, G-77, and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Malawi is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Malawi maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Malawi.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts[1]
2 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts[2]
3 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts[3]
4 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts[4]
5 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts[5]
6 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts[6]
7 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts[7]
8 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts[8]
9 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts[9]
10 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts[10]
11 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts[11]
12 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts[8]
13 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts[12]
14 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts[13]
15 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts[14]
16 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts[15]
17 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts[16]
— File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts[17]
18 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts[18]
19 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts[19]
20 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts[8]
21 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts[8]
22 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts[8]
23 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:Dts[20]
24 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts[21]
25 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts[22]
26 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts[23]
27 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts[24]
28 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Template:Dts[25]
29 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts[26]
30 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts[27]
31 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts[28]
32 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts[29]
33 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts[30]
34 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[31][32]
35 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts[33]
36 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts[34]
37 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts[34]
38 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts[35]
39 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts[36]
40 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Template:Dts[34]
41 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts[37]
42 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:Dts[38]
43 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts[39]
44 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts[40]
45 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts[34]
46 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts[41]
47 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Template:Dts[42]
48 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts[43]
49 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts[44]
50 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts[45]
51 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts[46]
52 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts[47]
53 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts[48]
54 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts[34]
55 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts[34]
56 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts[49]
57 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts[34]
58 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts[50]
59 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts[51]
60 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts[52]
61 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[53]
62 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts[54]
63 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts[34]
64 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:Dts[34]
65 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts[34]
66 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts[34]
67 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts[55]
68 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts[34]
69 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts[34]
— Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Dts[56]
70 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Dts[34]
71 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts[34]
72 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts[34]
73 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Template:Dts[57]
74 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts[34]
75 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts[34]
76 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts[58]
77 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts[34]
78 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts[59]
79 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:Dts[60]
80 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts[34]
81 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:Dts[61]
82 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts[62]
83 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts[34]
84 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts[34]
85 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[34]
86 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Template:Dts[63]
87 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts[34]
— File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (cancelled) Template:Dts[64][65]
88 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts[66]
89 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts[34]
90 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[67]
91 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts[68]
92 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:Dts[69]
93 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts[70]
94 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:Dts[71]
95 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts[72]
96 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:Dts[34]
97 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts[73]
98 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[74]
99 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts[34]
100 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[34]
101 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:Dts[34]
102 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts[34]
103 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts[75]
104 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts[34]
105 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts[76]
106 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts[34]
107 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Template:Dts[77]
108 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts[78]
109 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts[79]
110 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts[80]
111 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts[81]
112 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts[82]
113 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:Dts[83][84]
114 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts[83][84]
115 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:Dts[85]
116 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:Dts[86]
— File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Template:Dts[87]
117 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts[34]
118 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts[88]
119 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Template:Dts[89]
120 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts[90]
121 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts[91]
122 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:Dts[92]
123 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts[93]
124 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts[34]
125 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts[94]
126 File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Template:Dts[95]
127 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[96]
128 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:Dts[97][98]
129 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:Dts[34]
130 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:Dts[99]
131 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts[34]
132 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts[34]
133 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts[100]
134 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts[34]
135 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Template:Dts[101]
136 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:Dts[102]
137 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:Dts[103]
138 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Unknown
139 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Unknown
140 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Unknown[104]

Bilateral Relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 1 July 1983
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana 1 July 1967

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1967 when first High Commissioner of Botswana Mr. H. Mannathoko presented his credentials to President of Malawi.[20]

Both countries are full members of the Southern African Development Community, Commonwealth of Nations and of the Non-Aligned Movement.

File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 12 February 1974
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1974[27]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 28 December 2007

Hastings Banda recognized the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1967. In January 2008, Malawi switched this recognition to the People's Republic of China.[1] Template:Webarchive

Since 2008 there has been a significant shift by the Malawian government towards accepting investment from China.[106] Potentially this may be part of a wider power struggle between the East and West in Africa.[107]

File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece 30 April 1970
File:Flag of India.svg India 19 October 1964 See India–Malawi relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1964 when has been accredited Acting High Commissioner of India to Malawi Mr. Dileep S. Kamtekar.[8]

File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 5 April 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 1971.[109] But diplomatic relations were severed on 11 February 1979 and re-established on 18 February 1996.[51]
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 15 July 1964 See Israel–Malawi relations
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 10 December 1998
  • Malawi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[110]
  • Mexico is accredited to Malawi from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[111]
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique 1 July 1981 See Malawi–Mozambique relations

Between 1985 and 1995, Malawi accommodated more than a million refugees from Mozambique. The refugee crisis placed a substantial strain on Malawi's economy but also drew significant inflows of international assistance. The accommodation and eventual repatriation of the Mozambicans is considered a major success by international organizations.

File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 3 May 2001

Neither country has an embassy in each other's territories. The Philippines's embassy in Pretoria, South Africa, is accredited to Malawi; on the other hand, Malawi's embassy in Tokyo, Japan, is accredited to the Philippines.

As of 25 May 2018, the date of presentation of credentials of Philippine non-resident ambassador Uriel Norman Garibay to President Arthur Peter Mutharika, there are 41 Filipino nationals residing in Malawi, mainly in Blantyre and Lilongwe.[112]

File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 10 July 1992 See Malawi–Poland relations
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 26 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2012 when Ambassador of Malawi to Qatar (resident in Kuwait City) Mr. Yunis Abdul Karim has presented his credentials.[80]
File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda 26 June 2001

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2001 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Malawi (resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. Zephyr Mutanguha[63]

In 1996, Malawi received a number of Rwandan and Congolese refugees seeking asylum. The government did not turn away refugees, but it did invoke the principle of "first country of asylum." Under this principle, refugees who requested asylum in another country first, or who had the opportunity to do so would not subsequently be granted asylum in Malawi. There were no reports of the forcible repatriation of refugees.

File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 10 September 1967 See Malawi–South Africa relations

The colonial structures of Malawian labour export to South African mines continued after Malawi achieved independence in 1964. Led by dictator Hastings Banda, Malawi was the only African country to maintain close relations with White-ruled South Africa until the 1994 election of Nelson Mandela. Malawians were viewed as important workers in the South African mines due to their "skills, work discipline and lack of militancy"[113] From 1988 to 1992, around 13,000 Malawian migrant laborers were forcefully repatriated out of South Africa. Officially, this was because 200 Malawians had tested positive for HIV in the previous two years, but many believe that it was due to the need for retrenchment of laborers during a crisis in South Africa's mining industry.[113]

Since South Africa and Malawi had their first democratic elections in 1994, Malawi and South Africa have enhanced relations. In 2008, the two governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding designed to enhance the relationship between the two countries through enhanced security cooperation.[114]

File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 9 March 1965

In 2011 Bilateral Trade between both nations totaled US$31 million.[115]

File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 4 August 1969
  • Embassy of Malawi in Berlin is accredited to Turkey.[116]
  • Turkish Embassy in Lusaka is accredited to Malawi.[116]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$21 million in 2019 (Malawi's exports/imports: 16.4/4.67 million USD).[116]
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 22 December 1998 See Malawi–Ukraine relations
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 6 July 1964Script error: No such module "Unsubst". See Malawi–United Kingdom relations

Malawi established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 6 July 1964.[8]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The UK governed Malawi from 1893 until 1964, when Malawi gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,[119] and a Double Taxation Agreement.[120]

Historical ties make the UK historically one of the more important donors and supporters of Malawi. However, the expulsion of the UK's High Commissioner in April 2011 may change this relationship. Since the expulsion the UK has suspended direct government aid,[121] citing concerns over governance and human rights.

File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 6 July 1964 See Malawi–United States relations

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The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy significantly strengthened the already cordial U.S. relationship with Malawi. Significant numbers of Malawians study in the United States. The United States has an active Peace Corps program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, and an Agency for International Development (USAID) mission in Malawi.

In July 2011, the United States suspended direct funding. The US government agency responsible, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, suspended aid because it was 'deeply upset' by the deaths of the 19 people during the July protests.[122]

File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 17 July 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1981 when has been appointed first High Commissioner of Malawi to Zimbabwe Mr. M. A. Banda and open High Commission of Malawi in Harare.[123]

Malawi and the Commonwealth of Nations

Malawi became a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations on independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, was Queen of Malawi, represented by the Governor-General of Malawi, until the country became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1966, when the then Prime Minister of Malawi, Hastings Banda, declared himself the first President of Malawi.

See also

References

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Template:Foreign relations of the Commonwealth of Nations Template:Foreign relations of Malawi Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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