Foreign relations of Lebanon

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Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. As'ad AbuKhalil argues that foreign intervention has been a mainstay of Lebanon's domestic politics throughout its history as a nation-state, with British, French and American influence predominating from the declaration of independence in 1943 until the 1956 Suez Crisis and 1958 Lebanon crisis. From then until the Lebanese Civil War, the country became an arena for struggle between players in the Cold War, including Egypt, the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Civil War regional powers in the Middle East strove for influence, including Syria, Saudi Arabia and Israel, with Syria gaining the upper hand at the tail end of the war.[1] Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by Syria, however beginning with the formation of Hezbollah in 1982, Iran had gradually grown to heavily influence Lebanon.[2][3]

The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the Taif Agreement, which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course.

Economy

On 30 December 2025, Egypt and Lebanon signed a deal under which Lebanon will purchase natural gas from Egypt. The agreement is expected to help Lebanon meet its growing electricity needs. Nawaf Salam was quoted as saying that the agreement aims “to meet Lebanon’s needs for natural gas allocated for electricity generation.”[4]

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Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Lebanon maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Lebanon.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts[5]
2 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts[6]
3 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts[7]
4 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts[8]
5 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts[9]
6 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts[10]
7 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts[11]
8 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts[12]
9 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts[13]
10 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts[14]
11 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts[15]
12 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts[16][17]
13 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts[18]
14 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts[19]
15 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts[20]
16 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts[21]
17 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts[22]
18 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts[23]
19 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts[24]
20 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts[25]
21 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[26]
22 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts[27]
23 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts[28]
24 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts[29]
25 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts[30]
— File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts[31]
26 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts[32]
27 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts[33]
28 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts[34]
29 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan Template:Dts[35]
30 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts[36]
31 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts[37]
32 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts[38]
33 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:Dts[39]
34 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts[40]
35 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts[41]
36 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts[42]
37 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts[43]
38 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:Dts[44]
39 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts[45]
40 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts[46]
41 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:Dts[47]
42 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts[48]
43 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts[49]
44 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts
45 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts[50]
46 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts[51]
47 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:Dts[52]
48 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts[53]
49 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts[54]
50 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts[55]
— File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts[56]
51 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts[57]
52 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts[58]
53 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:Dts[59]
54 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts[60]
55 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts[61]
56 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts[62][63]
57 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Template:Dts[64]
58 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Template:Dts[65]
59 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[66]
60 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts[67]
61 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts[68]
62 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts[69]
63 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:Dts[70]
64 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts[71]
65 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts[72]
66 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:Dts[73]
67 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:Dts[74]
68 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:Dts[75]
69 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:Dts[76]
70 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts[77]
71 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts[78]
72 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Template:Dts[79]
73 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts[80]
74 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts[81]
75 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts[82]
76 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts[83]
77 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts[84]
78 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts[85]
79 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts[86]
80 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:Dts[87]
81 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Template:Dts[88]
82 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts[89]
83 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Template:Dts[90]
84 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts[91]
85 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts[92]
86 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Template:Dts[93]
87 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Template:Dts[94]
88 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts[95]
89 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts[96]
90 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts[97]
91 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:Dts[98]
92 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts[99]
93 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts[100]
94 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts[101]
95 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts[102]
96 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[103]
97 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts[104]
98 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts[105]
99 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts[106]
100 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Template:Dts[107]
101 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts[108]
102 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts[109]
103 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts[110]
104 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts[111]
105 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts[112]
106 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts[113]
107 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Template:Dts[114]
108 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts[115]
109 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts[116]
110 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts[117]
111 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts[118]
112 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts[119]
113 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts[120]
114 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts[121]
115 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[122]
116 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Dts[123]
117 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts[124]
118 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[125]
119 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Template:Dts[126]
120 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:Dts[127]
121 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:Dts[128]
122 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Dts[129]
123 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:Dts[115]
124 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Template:Dts[115]
125 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts[130]
126 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts[131]
127 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts[132]
128 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts[133]
129 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts[115]
130 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts[134]
131 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts[135]
132 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts[136]
133 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts[115]
134 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Dts[137]
135 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Template:Dts[115]
136 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Template:Dts[138]
137 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[139]
138 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Template:Dts[115]
139 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts[140]
140 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts[141]
141 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Template:Dts[142]
142 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:Dts[115]
143 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:Dts[115]
144 File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts[143][144]
145 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Template:Dts[115]
146 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts[145]
147 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts[115]
148 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:Dts[115]
— Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Dts[146]
149 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Template:Dts[147]
150 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts[148]
151 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:Dts[149]
152 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts[115]
153 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts[150]
154 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts[151]
155 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts[152]
156 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts[153]
157 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:Dts[115]
158 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts[154]
159 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Template:Dts[155]
160 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts[115]
161 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts[115]
162 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts[115]
163 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[115]
164 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts[115]
165 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Unknown
166 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Unknown

Bilateral relations

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 22 November 1945[20] See Argentina–Lebanon relations
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 13 November 1945 See Brazil–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1945[19]

File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 26 August 1954[54] See Canada–Lebanon relations

Canada established diplomatic relations with Lebanon in 1954, when Canada deployed "Envoy Extraordinaire" to Beirut. In 1958, Canada sent its first Ambassador. The Embassy was closed in 1985 and reopened in January 1995. Lebanon opened a consulate in Canada in 1946. A Consulate-General replaced the Consulate in 1949, and an embassy was opened in Ottawa in 1958.

File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile 28 June 1945 See Chile–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1945.[16][17]

File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 12 June 1945 See Lebanon–Mexico relations
  • Mexico was among the first nations to recognize Lebanon's independence in 1943.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Mexico City.[162]
  • Mexico has an embassy in Beirut.[163]
  • The Centro Libanés and "Club Deportivo Libanés" in Mexico City are important symbols representing the historically cultural and social ties between both countries.
  • See also Lebanese Mexicans.
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 16 November 1944 See Lebanon–United States relations

The United States' interaction with Lebanon extends back to events such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis, which it sent in troops to fortify the government's position. Lebanon's southern neighbor, Israel, has also sent troops on several occasions, and attacked into Lebanon in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers. A possible source of friction between the U.S. and Lebanon is that most of Israel's weaponry is US-made, arguing possible US complicity in Israel's attacks.

File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 25 October 1945 See Lebanon–Uruguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1945[18]

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 4 March 1992 See Armenia–Lebanon relations

The Embassy of Armenia to Lebanon was opened in June 1994. The Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Yerevan in September 1997.

Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.[167][168] On May 11, 2000, the Lebanese parliament voted to recognize the Armenian genocide.[169] Lebanon is the first Arab country and one of the few countries of the world to have done so.

  • Armenia has embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Yerevan.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 18 September 1992 See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Azerbaijan through its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 28 March 1973 See Bangladesh–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1973[105]

  • Bangladesh has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Bangladesh through its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 9 November 1971 See China–Lebanon relations

China and Lebanon established diplomatic relations on November 1, 1954 and the embassy in Taipei opened in 1957. Lebanon shifted recognition from the Taipei-based Republic to the People's Republic on 9 November 1971.[99]

  • China has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Beijing.

In June 2020, Lebanon was one of 53 countries that backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[170]

China opened the first Confucius Institute in the Middle East in Lebanon in 2006.[171]

File:Flag of India.svg India 15 September 1948 See India-Lebanon relations
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia See Indonesia–Lebanon relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Jakarta.
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 21 September 1944 See Iran–Lebanon relations and Iranian influence in Lebanon

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1944.[10]

  • Iran has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tehran.
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 24 February 1944 See Iraq–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relatiobns on 24 February 1944 when first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Iraq to Lebanon Mr. Tahsin Kadri presented his credentials as first foreign diplomatic representatives, who presented his letters of credentials to President Lebanon Mr.Bechara Khoury.[6]

Lebanon and Iraq share the same language and mutual support for each other in conflicts, Lebanon's relations with Iraq have at most times been cold. Issues include the Lebanese Government's strong material and political assistance of Hezbollah and ongoing clashes in Iraq between the Sunnis and Shias.

  • Iraq has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Baghdad.
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel See Israel–Lebanon relations
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan November 1954 In 1954 Legation of Japan opened in Lebanon, in 1957 Legation of Lebanon opened in Tokyo. In 1959 both Legations was upgrades to Embassies
  • Japan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Tokyo.
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 1 October 1946 See Jordan–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1946 when has been accredited Minister of Transjordan to Lebanon Mr. Mohamed Ali Ajlouni.[28]

  • Jordan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Amman.
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 16 July 1963 See Lebanon–Malaysia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1963[86]

File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 15 September 1948 See Lebanon–Pakistan relations
  • Pakistan does not recognize Israel, which has hostile relations with Lebanon, as a legitimate country.[174]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 9 April 1944 See Lebanon–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria 15 October 2008[144] See Lebanon–Syria relations

The relationship between these two neighboring countries in Western Asia is complex: Syria has had troops stationed in Lebanon and has exerted political influence in the nation for many years.[175] However, Syria has only officially recognised Lebanon's sovereignty recently.[176]

File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 8 March 1946 See Lebanon–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.[23]

  • Lebanon has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 8 January 1972 See Lebanon–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Beirut.

Europe

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002, the accord becoming known as the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement. The EU-Lebanon Action Plan from January 19, 2007, gave a new impetus to bilateral relations in the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy.

Lebanon is one of the main Mediterranean beneficiaries of community assistance and the EU through its various instruments is Lebanon's leading donor. Starting from 2007 financial support is channeled through the European Neighborhood Policy Instrument. A Lebanon Country Strategy Paper 2007–2013 and a National Indicative Program 2007–2010 have been adopted by the EU. The assistance provided was refocused after the Second Lebanon War to engage in real help for the government and the society in reconstruction and reform of the country.[177]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 19 September 1966
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia
  • Croatia is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus See Cyprus–Lebanon relations
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 6 October 1953 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1953 when was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) Mr. G. L. Host[51]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Beirut.[179]
  • Lebanon is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[180]
File:Flag of France.svg France 25 November 1944 See France–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when has been appointed Mr. Ahmad Daouk as Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to France. And 25 December 1944 has been opened Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Paris.[12]

In 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy ordered ties with Syria to be suspended until proof Damascus was not interfering in the Lebanese political crisis was established.[181] A week after Sarkozy's statement in Cairo, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al Muallem announced Syria was ceasing their ties with France.[182] "Syria has decided to cease cooperation with France on the Lebanese crisis" said Mouallem. In July 2008, France and Syria decided to open embassies in each other's countries.[183] In April 2009, French and Lebanese officials approved the framework of a security agreement that besides improving bilateral relations include drugs and arms trafficking, illegal immigration and cyber-crime.[184]

  • France has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon as an embassy in Paris and a consulate-general in Marseille.
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 20 May 1953 See Germany–Lebanon relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Berlin.
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece 17 June 1947 See Greece–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1947, when first Minister of Greece to Lebanon with residence in Cairo M. Georges Triantaphyllidis presented his credentials[32]

The relation between both people dates back to early antiquity, with the early trading activities between the ancient Greeks and the Phoenicians. In modern times, Greek-Lebanese bilateral relations are very good at all levels. Greece has an embassy in Beirut and Lebanon has an embassy in Athens. Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean and the Francophonie.

File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See 17 March 1947 See Holy See–Lebanon relations

The Holy See has played a major role in the peace negotiations of Lebanon. It has sought to unify Christian factions that were separated after the Lebanese civil war. At the same time, it sought to reduce Christian-Muslim tensions and to preserve Christian communities that have been declining in many parts of Lebanon and elsewhere in the Middle East.

File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 20 November 1946 See Italy–Lebanon relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1946 when has been accredited first Charge d'Affaires of Italy to Lebanon Mr. Adolfo Alessandrini.[30]

Lebanon opened a legation in 1946, which was transformed into an embassy in 1955.[185]

Both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Navigation in 1949.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Rome supported the reconstruction of Lebanon after the Taef Agreement.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Also, Italian companies, from almost all sectors, operate in Lebanon.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

  • Italy has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Rome.
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 20 October 1956 1 August 1944 Lebanon established diplomatic relations with Polish Government in exile in London. On October 20, 1956, the government of Lebanon accepted the initiative of the government of the Polish People's Republic regarding the establishment of diplomatic relations at the level of the deputies, which meant simultaneous withdrawal of the recognition of the Polish government in exile.[186]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 6 January 1965 See Lebanon–Romania relations
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 3 August 1944 See Lebanon–Russia relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 5 March 1948 See Lebanon–Spain relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Beirut.
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 14 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1992
  • Embassy of Ukraine in Beirut was opened in August 1995[188]
  • Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Kyiv until February 2022.[189]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 9 February 1942 See Lebanon–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Lebanon Prime Minister Najib Mikati for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street in London, United Kingdom on 28 October 2024 - 1.jpg
Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer in 10 Downing Street, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 February 1942.[5]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,[192] and a Development Partnership.[193]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 5 February 1967 20 February 1967 opened Australian Embassy in Beirut. It was closed in 1984 because of the security situation in Beirut. The Embassy was formally re-opened on 18 July 1995[194]

See also

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References and footnotes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ United States Institute of PeaceScript error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore Iran and Lebanon, Emile Hokayem,
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Embassy of Argentina in Lebanon
  157. ↑ Embassy of Lebanon in Argentina
  158. ↑ Embassy of Brazil in Lebanon
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Embassy of Lebanon in Canada
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Embassy of Mexico in Beirut
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Embassy of the United States in Lebanon
  166. ↑ Embassy of Uruguay in Lebanon
  167. ↑ Armenia To Provide Relief To Lebanon, Armenialiberty.org
  168. ↑ Armenia Sent Humanitarian Assistance To Lebanon, PanArmenian.Net
  169. ↑ International Affirmation of the Armenian Genocide Template:Webarchive, Armenia Foreign Ministry
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Messages to Lebanon Pakistan MOFA
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Ten steps to Syria-Lebanon ties BBC News
  177. ↑ Republic of Lebanon Template:Webarchive. European Commission: External Relations
  178. ↑ Bulgarian embassy in Beirut
  179. ↑ Libanon Danske kontaktoplysninger
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Representations of foreign nations in Lebanon

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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