Foreign relations of Jamaica

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Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists

Jamaica has diplomatic relations with many nations and is a member of the United Nations and the Organization of American States. Jamaica chairs the Working Group on smaller Economies.

Jamaica is an active member of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement (G-77). Jamaica is a beneficiary of the Lome Conventions, through which the European Union (EU) grants trade preferences to selected states in Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, and has played a leading role in the negotiations of the successor agreement in Fiji in 2000.

Jamaica has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.[1]

Disputes - international: none

Illicit drugs: Transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade is the government ministry responsible for handling Jamaica's external relations and foreign trade.

History

Historically, Jamaica has had close ties with the UK. Trade, financial, and cultural relations with the United States are now predominant. Jamaica is linked with the other countries of the English-speaking Caribbean through the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and more broadly through the Association of Caribbean States (ACS). Jamaica has served two 2-year terms on the United Nations Security Council, in 1979-80 and 2000-2001.

In the follow-on meetings to the December 1994 Summit of the Americas, Jamaica—together with Uruguay—was given the responsibility of coordinating discussions on invigorating society.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Jamaica maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Jamaica.svg
# Country[2] Date
1 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
2 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
3 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
4 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
5 File:Flag of France.svg France Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
6 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
7 File:Flag of India.svg India Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
8 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
9 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
10 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
11 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
12 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
13 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
14 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
15 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
16 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
17 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
18 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
19 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
20 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
21 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
22 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
23 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
24 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
25 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
26 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
27 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
28 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
29 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
30 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts
31 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts
32 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
33 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[3]
34 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
35 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
36 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
37 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
38 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
39 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
40 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
41 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
42 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
43 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
44 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
45 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
46 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
47 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts[4]
48 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
49 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
50 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
51 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
52 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
53 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
54 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
55 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
56 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
57 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
58 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
59 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
60 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
61 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
62 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
63 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
64 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
65 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts[5]
66 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
67 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
68 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
69 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
70 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
71 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
72 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
73 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
74 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
75 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
76 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
77 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
78 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
79 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
80 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:Dts
81 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts
82 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
– File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
83 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
84 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
85 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
86 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
87 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
88 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
89 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
90 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
91 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
92 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
93 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
94 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[6]
95 File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts[7]
96 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
97 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[8]
98 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
99 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
100 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
101 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
102 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Template:Dts
103 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
104 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
105 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
106 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
107 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
108 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
109 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
110 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts
111 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
112 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
113 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
114 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
115 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
116 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
117 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
118 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
119 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts[9]
120 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
121 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
122 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
123 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
124 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
125 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
126 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[10]
127 Template:Country data Georgia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
128 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
129 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
130 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
131 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
132 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
133 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
134 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
135 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
136 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
137 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
138 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
139 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
140 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
141 Template:Country data North Macedonia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
– File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
142 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
143 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
144 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
145 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
146 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
147 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
148 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[11]
149 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
150 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
151 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
152 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
153 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
154 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
155 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
156 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
157 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
158 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
159 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
160 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
161 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
162 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
163 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
164 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
165 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts[12]
166 File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[13]
167 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[14]
168 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[15]
169 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
170 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Template:DTS[12]
171 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[12]
172 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[16]
173 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Template:Dts[17]
174 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts[12]
175 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:Dts[12]

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize 3 November 1982

Belize and Jamaica are two of fifteen commonwealth realms, members of: the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Belt & Road Initiative, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Nations, ECLAC, EU-CARIFORUM, the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the Organization of American States, the Small Island Developing States, and the United Nations.

File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 14 October 1962 See Jamaica–Brazil relations

Jamaica and Brazil established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1962. Both countries are full members of the Group of 15.

File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 1962 See Canada–Jamaica relations

Canada and Jamaica are two of fifteen commonwealth realms, members of: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962. Since March 4, 1963, Canada has a high commission in Kingston. Jamaica has a high commission in Ottawa. On April 15, 2009, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper became the first Canadian head of government to address the Jamaican parliament. There are 231,000 people of Jamaican descent living in Canada. Jamaican-Canadians celebrate their island heritage through festivals held in major cities across Canada, the most recognized of which is Caribana. Caribana is held in Toronto, Ontario every year and attracts over one million visitors to the region, many of whom fly all the way from Jamaica.

File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 1972 See Cuba–Jamaica relations

Prime Minister Percival James Patterson visited Cuba at the end of May 1997. In the fall of 1997, Jamaica upgraded its consulate in Havana to an embassy, and the nonresident Jamaican ambassador to Cuba was replaced by a resident ambassador.

File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 21 November 1972 See China–Jamaica relations

Relations from November 21, 1972. China has an embassy in Kingston, Jamaica. Jamaica has an embassy in Beijing.

File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana See Ghana-Jamaica relations

Ghana, as the former Gold Coast, and Jamaica share historical links through the slave trade and forced Ashanti/Akan emigration to the Caribbean. Ghana and Jamaica have a Joint Permanent Commission, and there are plans for Ghanaian investment in Jamaica.

File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana 26 May 1966
File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti

Haiti has an embassy in Kingston and Jamaica has an honorary consul in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

In January, 2007, Haitian president René Préval, made a four-day working visit to Jamaica. At a press conference, Jamaican prime minister Portia Simpson Miller announced that a Joint Jamaica/Haiti Commission would be convened later that year.[19]

File:Flag of India.svg India See India–Jamaica relations

Both nations inherited many cultural and political connections from British colonisation, such as membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, parliamentary democracy, the English language and cricket.[20]

India has a High Commission in Kingston,[21] whilst Jamaica has a consulate in New Delhi.[22]

File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia See Jamaica–Malaysia relations
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 18 March 1966 See Jamaica–Mexico relations

Both nations established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1966.

File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
  • Jamaica is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • the Netherlands is accredited to Jamaica from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 13 October 1962

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Jamaica started on October 13, 1962 .[25]

  • Jamaica has an embassy in Seoul, South Korea.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kingston Jamaica.[26]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 1970[27] See Jamaica–Turkey relations
  • Turkish Embassy in Havana is accredited to Jamaica.[28]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$90.5 million in 2019 (Jamaican exports/imports: US$0.5/90 million).[28]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". See Jamaica–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 2 August 1962.[29] Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

The UK governed Jamaica from 1655 to 1962, when Jamaica achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.[32] Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[33]

File:Flag of the United States.svg United States See Jamaica–United States relations
File:Embassy of Jamaica, Washington, D.C..jpg
Embassy of Jamaica in Washington, D.C.

The United States maintains close and productive relations with the Government of Jamaica. Former prime minister Patterson visited Washington, DC, several times after assuming office in 1992. In April 2001, Prime Minister Patterson and other Caribbean leaders met with President George W. Bush during the Summit of the Americas in Quebec, Canada, at which a "Third Border Initiative" was launched to deepen U.S. cooperation with Caribbean nations and enhance economic development and integration of the Caribbean nations. Then-Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller attended the "Conference on the Caribbean--A 20/20 Vision" in Washington in June 2007.

President Barack Obama visited the island on April 9. 2015. President Obama managed to squeeze in some fun in between meetings with Jamaican and Caribbean leaders on his trip to Jamaica this week—from paying homage to reggae star Bob Marley to practising his own Jamaican accent.

The United States is Jamaica's most important trading partner: bilateral trade in goods in 2005 was over $2 billion. Jamaica is a popular destination for American tourists; more than 1.2 million Americans visited in 2006. Also, some 10,000 American citizens, including many dual-nationals born on the island, permanently reside in Jamaica.

Jamaica maintains economic and cultural relations with Taiwan via Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Canada.

Jamaica and the Commonwealth

Jamaica has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1962 when it became an independent Commonwealth realm.

Multilateral membership

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Caribbean Net News Jamaica and Haiti to deepen diplomatic relations Template:Webarchive, January 6, 2007
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ India High Commission
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Embassy of Jamaica in Mexico City Template:Webarchive
  24. ↑ Embassy of Mexico in Kingston (in English and Spanish)
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Template:Jamaica topics Template:Foreign relations of Jamaica Script error: No such module "navbox". Template:Americas topic

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