Foreign relations of Belize

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsBelize maintains 14 embassies to foreign countries, one consulate, and three missions to international organizations.[1] In 1990, Belize became a member of the Organization of American States, and the Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.

To strengthen its potential for economic and political development, Belize has sought to build closer ties with the Spanish-speaking countries of Central America to complement its historical ties to the English-speaking Caribbean states. Recent foreign policy initiatives include joining with the other Central American countries in signing the CONCAUSA Agreement on regional sustainable development and becoming a full member of the Central American Integration System (SICA). Belize is a member of CARICOM which was founded in 1973.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Belize maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Belize.svg
# Country Date[2][3]
1 Template:Country data Bahamas Template:Date table sorting
2 Template:Country data Barbados Template:Date table sorting
3 Template:Country data Dominica Template:Date table sorting
4 Template:Country data Grenada Template:Date table sorting
5 Template:Country data Guyana Template:Date table sorting[4]
6 Template:Country data Mexico Template:Date table sorting
7 Template:Country data Nicaragua Template:Date table sorting[5]
8 Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Date table sorting
9 Template:Country data Saint Lucia Template:Date table sorting
10 Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Date table sorting
11 Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago Template:Date table sorting
12 Template:Country data United Kingdom Template:Date table sorting
13 Template:Country data United States Template:Date table sorting
14 Template:Country data Costa Rica Template:Date table sorting
15 Template:Country data Ghana Template:Date table sorting
16 Template:Country data Fiji Template:Date table sorting[6]
17 Template:Country data Canada Template:Date table sorting
18 Template:Country data France Template:Date table sorting
19 Template:Country data Panama Template:Date table sorting
20 Template:Country data Australia Template:Date table sorting
21 Template:Country data Colombia Template:Date table sorting
22 Template:Country data Nigeria Template:Date table sorting
23 Template:Country data Germany Template:Date table sorting
24 Template:Country data Honduras Template:Date table sorting
25 Template:Country data Italy Template:Date table sorting
26 Template:Country data Jamaica Template:Date table sorting
27 Template:Country data Japan Template:Date table sorting
28 Template:Country data Sweden Template:Date table sorting[7]
29 Template:Country data Belgium Template:Date table sorting
30 Template:Country data El Salvador Template:Date table sorting
31 Template:Country data Haiti Template:Date table sorting[8]
32 Template:Country data Iraq Template:Date table sorting[9]
33 Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda Template:Date table sorting
34 Template:Country data Brazil Template:Date table sorting
— Template:Country data Holy See Template:Date table sorting
35 Template:Country data India Template:Date table sorting
36 Template:Country data Bangladesh Template:Date table sorting[10]
37 Template:Country data Norway Template:Date table sorting
— Template:Country data Israel (suspended) Template:Date table sorting
38 Template:Country data Greece Template:Date table sorting
— Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Template:Date table sorting
— Template:Country data China (suspended) Template:Dts[11]
39 Template:Country data Netherlands Template:Date table sorting
40 Template:Country data South Korea Template:Date table sorting
41 Template:Country data Uruguay Template:Date table sorting
42 Template:Country data Bolivia Template:Date table sorting
43 Template:Country data Turkey Template:Date table sorting[12]
44 Template:Country data Spain Template:Date table sorting
45 Template:Country data Venezuela Template:Date table sorting
46 Template:Country data Dominican Republic Template:Date table sorting
47 Template:Country data Switzerland Template:Date table sorting
48 Template:Country data Austria Template:Date table sorting
— Template:Country data Republic of China Template:Date table sorting
49 Template:Country data Chile Template:Date table sorting
50 Template:Country data North Korea Template:Date table sorting
51 Template:Country data Russia Template:Date table sorting
52 Template:Country data Guatemala Template:Date table sorting
53 Template:Country data Seychelles Template:Date table sorting
54 Template:Country data Denmark Template:Date table sorting
55 Template:Country data Peru Template:Date table sorting
56 Template:Country data United Arab Emirates Template:Date table sorting
57 Template:Country data Argentina Template:Date table sorting
58 Template:Country data Slovenia Template:Date table sorting
59 Template:Country data Iran Template:Date table sorting
60 Template:Country data Portugal Template:Date table sorting
61 Template:Country data Romania Template:Date table sorting
62 Template:Country data Marshall Islands Template:Date table sorting
63 Template:Country data Bulgaria Template:Date table sorting
64 Template:Country data Egypt Template:Date table sorting
65 Template:Country data Cambodia Template:Date table sorting
66 Template:Country data Vietnam Template:Date table sorting
67 Template:Country data Poland Template:Date table sorting
68 Template:Country data Cuba Template:Date table sorting
69 Template:Country data Singapore Template:Date table sorting
70 Template:Country data Croatia Template:Date table sorting
71 Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Date table sorting
72 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Date table sorting
73 Template:Country data Czech Republic Template:Date table sorting
74 Template:Country data Slovakia Template:Date table sorting
75 Template:Country data Turkmenistan Template:Date table sorting
76 Template:Country data South Africa Template:Date table sorting
77 Template:Country data Finland Template:Date table sorting
78 Template:Country data Mozambique Template:Date table sorting
79 Template:Country data Suriname Template:Date table sorting
80 Template:Country data Armenia Template:Date table sorting
81 Template:Country data Estonia Template:Date table sorting
82 Template:Country data Thailand Template:Date table sorting
83 Template:Country data Ukraine Template:Date table sorting
84 Template:Country data Ecuador Template:Date table sorting
— Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts[13]
85 Template:Country data Malaysia Template:Date table sorting
86 Template:Country data Maldives Template:Date table sorting
87 Template:Country data Philippines Template:Date table sorting[14]
88 Template:Country data Cyprus Template:Date table sorting
89 Template:Country data Ireland Template:Date table sorting
90 Template:Country data Belarus Template:Date table sorting[15]
91 Template:Country data Morocco Template:Date table sorting
92 Template:Country data Angola Template:Date table sorting
93 Template:Country data Lebanon Template:Date table sorting
94 Template:Country data Syria Template:Date table sorting
95 Template:Country data Algeria Template:Date table sorting
96 Template:Country data Qatar Template:Date table sorting
97 Template:Country data Azerbaijan Template:Date table sorting
98 Template:Country data Timor-Leste Template:Date table sorting
99 Template:Country data Zambia Template:Date table sorting[16]
100 Template:Country data Iceland Template:Date table sorting
101 Template:Country data Malta Template:Date table sorting
102 Template:Country data Paraguay Template:Date table sorting
103 Template:Country data Lithuania Template:Date table sorting[17]
104 Template:Country data Latvia Template:Date table sorting
105 Template:Country data San Marino Template:Date table sorting
106 Template:Country data Bahrain Template:Date table sorting[18][19]
107 Template:Country data Oman Template:Date table sorting
108 Template:Country data Kuwait Template:Date table sorting
109 Template:Country data Jordan Template:Date table sorting
110 Template:Country data Botswana Template:Date table sorting
111 Template:Country data Luxembourg Template:Date table sorting
112 Template:Country data Kazakhstan Template:Date table sorting[20]
113 Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Date table sorting[21]
— Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Date table sorting[21]
114 Template:Country data Hungary Template:Date table sorting
115 Template:Country data Pakistan Template:Date table sorting[22]
— Template:Country data Kosovo Template:Date table sorting[23]
116 Template:Country data Mongolia Template:Date table sorting
117 Template:Country data Montenegro Template:Date table sorting[24]
118 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Date table sorting
119 Template:Country data Tajikistan Template:Date table sorting
120 Template:Country data Andorra Template:Date table sorting
121 Template:Country data Mauritius Template:Date table sorting
122 Template:Country data New Zealand Template:Date table sorting[25]
123 Template:Country data Serbia Template:Date table sorting
124 Template:Country data Rwanda Template:Date table sorting
125 Template:Country data Sierra Leone Template:Date table sorting
126 Template:Country data Nepal Template:Date table sorting
127 Template:Country data Kenya Template:Date table sorting[26]
128 Template:Country data Moldova Template:Date table sorting
129 Template:Country data Saudi Arabia Template:Date table sorting
130 Template:Country data Benin Template:Dts
131 Template:Country data Solomon Islands Template:Dts
132 Template:Country data Gambia Template:Dts[27]
133 Template:Country data Cape Verde Template:Dts
134 Template:Country data Uzbekistan Template:Dts[28]
135 Template:Country data Uganda Template:Dts
136 Template:Country data Burundi Template:Dts
137 Template:Country data Namibia Template:Dts[29]
138 Template:Country data Palau Template:Dts[30]
139 Template:Country data Samoa Template:Dts
140 Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts[31]
141 Template:Country data Gabon Template:Dts
142 Template:Country data South Sudan Template:Dts
143 Template:Country data Sri Lanka Template:Dts

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data South Africa 14 May 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1997.[32]
  • Belize does not have any representation in South Africa.[33]
  • South Africa is represented in Belize by its High Commission in Kingston, Jamaica.[34]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
Template:Country data Tunisia

Both countries have passed a number of bilateral agreements.[35]

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Argentina 8 January 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1992.[36]
  • In 2013 both countries have an agreement on Technical cooperation.[37]
  • Argentina is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[38]
Template:Country data Canada 1981
  • Canada is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Guatemala City.[39]
  • Belize is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., and maintains an honorary consulate in Calgary.[39]
  • Both countries are member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Template:Country data Colombia 15 February 1982

On 15 February 1982, formal relations were established. Colombia's embassy in Belize closed in 2002 in order to cut down on costs though the embassy of Colombia in El Salvador is also concurrent to Belize. On 17 April 2013, the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister met with the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia in order to strengthen relations.[40]

  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Template:Country data Dominican Republic
  • Belize has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic is accredited to Belize from a non-resident ambassador in Santo Domingo and maintains an honorary consulate in Belmopan.

Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Organization of American States (OAS), and Group of 77, and the United Nations.

Template:Country data Guatemala 1991 See Belize–Guatemala relations

Belize's principal external concern has been the dispute involving the Guatemalan claim to Belizean territory. Initially a dispute between formerly Spanish Guatemala and the United Kingdom's colony of British Honduras, Guatemala continued its claim after Belizean independence in 1981; it recognized its neighbour's independence one decade later, in 1991. The dispute remains unresolved.

  • Belize has an embassy in Guatemala City.
  • Guatemala has an embassy in Belize City and a consulate-general in Benque Viejo del Carmen.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
Template:Country data Guyana 1981 See Belize–Guyana relations
Template:Country data Mexico 1981 See Belize–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Belize were established in 1981.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Belmopan.[44]
  • Belize has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
Template:Country data United States 1981 See Belize–United States relations

Belize-United States relations have traditionally been close and cordial. The United States is Belize's principal trading partner and major source of investment funds. It is also home to the largest Belizean community outside Belize, estimated to be 70,000 strong. Because Belize's economic growth and accompanying democratic political stability are important U.S. objectives, Belize benefits from the U.S. Caribbean Basin Initiative.

As a member of CARICOM Belize strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 940 designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute military personnel to the Multinational Task Force which restored the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994 and to the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).

Belize is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the American military (as covered under Article 98).

International crime issues dominate the agenda of bilateral relations between the United States and Belize. The United States is working closely with the Government of Belize to fight illicit narcotics trafficking, and both governments seek to control the flow of illegal migrants to the United States through Belize. Belize and the United States brought into force a stolen vehicle treaty, an extradition treaty, and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty between 2001 and 2003.

The United States is the largest provider of economic assistance to Belize, contributing $2.5 million in various bilateral economic and military aid programs to Belize in FY 2006. Of this amount, nearly $500,000 was provided by the U.S. Military Liaison Office. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) closed its Belize office in August 1996 after a 13-year program during which USAID provided $110 million worth of development assistance to Belize. Belize still benefits from USAID regional programs. In addition, during the past 42 years, almost 2,000 Peace Corps volunteers have served in Belize. As of April 2007, the Peace Corps had 58 volunteers working in Belize.

Until the end of 2002, Voice of America operated a medium-wave radio relay station in Punta Gorda that broadcast to the neighboring countries of Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador. The U.S. military has a diverse and growing assistance program in Belize that included the construction and renovation of several schools and youth hostels, medical assistance programs, and drug reduction programs. Private North American investors continue to play a key role in Belize's economy, particularly in the tourism sector.

Template:Country data Uruguay 28 September 1987
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1987.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Template:Country data Venezuela 25 April 1989 Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 1989.[2]
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Belmopan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, Organization of American States, and the United Nations.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data China Belize does not have Diplomatic recognition of China. See Foreign relations of China.

See Belize–China relations

In June 2020, Belize openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law[45]

Template:Country data India See Belize–India relations
Template:Country data Israel 11 March 1985 (Diplomatic relations severed 15 November 2023)
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.[46]
  • Belize is represented in Israel through its embassy in London.[47]
  • Israeli is represented in Belize through its embassy in San Salvador.[48]
  • Since 2011, both countries have an agreement between the government of the state of Israel and the government of Belize on visa exemption for holders of diplomatic, service and national passports.[49]
  • Both countries severed diplomatic relations on 15 November 2023 amid the Gaza war.[50]
Template:Country data Palestine

Under the previous premiership of Said Musa, Belize remained a staunch supporter of Palestinian rights and shunned relations with Israel due to the latter's military and intelligence support for Guatemala.[51]

Template:Country data South Korea 14 April 1987

Belize and South Korea established diplomatic relation on April 14, 1987.

The two nations have good relations.[52]

Template:Country data Taiwan 1989 See Belize–Taiwan relations

Belize recognizes the Republic of China (ROC, commonly known as Taiwan)[53] as the sole legitimate government of China. Relations were established between Belize and the ROC in 1989.

Template:Country data Turkey Oct. 29, 1981[54] See Belize–Turkey relations
  • Turkish Embassy in Port of Spain is accredited to Belize. Turkey has an Honorary Consul in Belize City.[55][54]
  • Belize has an Honorary Consulate in İzmir.[55]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 13.7 million USD in 2019 (Belize's exports/imports: 3.6/10.1 million USD).[54]

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Bulgaria 15 February 1994
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1994.[2]
  • Bulgaria is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[56]
Template:Country data Cyprus 21 July 2000
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2000.[57]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico.[58]
  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Template:Country data Czech Republic 15 February 1994
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City[59] and has an honorary consulate.[60]
  • Belize has an honorary consulate in Prague.[61]
Template:Country data Denmark 15 November 1991[62]
Template:Country data Estonia 5 May 1999
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1999.[65]
  • Estonia has an honorary consulate in Belize.[66]
Template:Country data Finland 19 June 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1997.[67]
  • Finland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Belize City.[67]
Template:Country data France
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1981.[2]
  • France is represented in Belize through its embassy in San Salvador, El Salvador.[68]
Template:Country data Germany 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1982.[69]
  • Germany is represented in Belize through its embassy in Guatemala.[70]
Template:Country data Greece 4 September 1986
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1986.[2]
  • Belize's Embassy in Mexico has parallel accreditation for Greece. Belize has an Honorary Consulate in Athens since 1992.[71][72]
  • Greece does not have any representation in Belize, its embassy in Mexico is also accredited to Belize.[71]
Template:Country data Hungary

Hungary is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[73]

Template:Country data Holy See 9 March 1983

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1983.[2]

  • Belize has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome.
  • Holy See is accredited to Belize from its apostolic nunciature in San Salvador, El Salvador.
Template:Country data Italy 1 October 1982
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1982.[2]
  • Belize has a consulate-general in Milan.[74]
  • Italy is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate.[75]
Template:Country data Norway

Since 2011, Belize and Norway have an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters they had signed in 2010.[76]

Template:Country data Russia 25 June 1991

Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1991. Belize immediately recognized Russia as the USSR's successor after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

Russia is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Belize City.

Template:Country data Slovakia

Slovakia is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[77]

Template:Country data Slovenia

Belize is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna.[78]

Template:Country data Spain 13 January 1989 See Belize–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1989.[2]

Template:Country data Sweden

Sweden is represented in Belize through its embassy in Stockholm and an honorary consulate in Belmopan.[79]

Template:Country data Switzerland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1988.[80]
  • Switzerland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and since 1996 an honorary consulate in Belize City.[80]
Template:Country data United Kingdom 21 September 1981 See Belize–United Kingdom relations

Belize established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 1981. Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

File:Foreign Secretary William Hague with Belizean Prime Minister, Dean Barrow in London, 27 June 2013.jpg
British Foreign Secretary William Hague with Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow in London, June 2013.

The UK governed Belize from 1783 to 1981, when Belize achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,[83] Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.[84] Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,[85] and an Investment Agreement.[86]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Australia
Template:Country data New Zealand

New Zealand is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City.[88]

Belize and the Commonwealth of Nations

Belize has been a member state of the Commonwealth since 1981, when it became an independent Commonwealth realm.

King Charles III as King of Belize is viceregally represented by the Governor-General of Belize.

Multilateral membership

Belize is a member of the following multilateral bodies. Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Guatemala Border
Dominican Republic
Russia
Belize

Template:CIA World Factbook

Template:Belize topics Template:Foreign relations of Belize Template:Foreign relations of the Commonwealth of Nations Template:Foreign relations in the Caribbean Template:Americas topic

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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=399&no_cache=1&L=0&tx_wdtreaties_pi1%5Baction& Template:Webarchive#93;=listView&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[country]=BLZ&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[mode]=1 Template:Bare URL inline
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ High Commission of Belize in Georgetown
  42. ↑ Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Belize
  43. ↑ Belize Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Guyana
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence. The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly Chinese Taipei.
  54. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  80. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  83. ↑ Template:Cite x
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