Foreign relations of Albania

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The foreign relations of Albania are its relations with other governments and peoples. Foreign relations are conducted through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tirana. The current minister is Elisa Spiropali. The current ambassador to the United Nations is Suela Janina.

Albania is a sovereign country in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean that declared its independence on 28 November 1912. Its foreign policy has maintained a policy of complementarianism by trying to have friendly relations with all countries. Since the collapse of Communism in 1990, Albania has extended its responsibilities and position in European and international affairs, supporting and establishing friendly relations with other nations around the world.

The main factors defining Albanian foreign policy consist of geopolitical location, population, economic crisis, and ties with Albanian diaspora throughout the world. It also maintains strong diplomatic relations with the EU (primarily Croatia, France, Germany, Italy) Balkan countries (primarily Kosovo, Greece and North Macedonia), Arab world, Canada, China, Turkey, Israel, India, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, UK and the United States.

The main objectives of the Albanian foreign policy are the accession of Albania to the European Union, the international recognition of Kosovo, the recognition of expulsion of Cham Albanians,[1] helping and protecting the rights of Albanians in Montenegro, North Macedonia, Greece, Serbia, Italy, and the Albanian diaspora.

Albania was voted to become a member of the 15-country United Nations Security Council for a two-year term, 2022–23.

Overview

The government of Albania was concerned with the developments in neighboring Kosovo, particularly in the post-Dayton agreement period. During the Kosovo War in 1999 as well as the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo Albanians by Serbs alongside the subsequent refugee influx into the country, Albania's status as an ally of the United States was confirmed.[2] Albania emerged as being generally supportive of the United States.[2] The support for the United States has remained high at 95% in Muslim majority (56% of the population) Albania in contrast to the rest of the Islamic world.[2]

Balkans/Albania

Turkey

During the post-cold war, geo-political complexities and conflicts in the Balkans, made Albania seek a protector power with Turkey, which is a NATO member.[3] During the 1990s, state relations between Albania and Turkey were marked by high level visits, military agreements and the deployment of Turkish soldiers.[4][3][5] An Albanian-Turkish military cooperation agreement was signed on 29 July 1992.[4][3] The military agreement entailed education and training of personnel, bilateral cooperation in weapons production, joint military exercises, the exchange of military delegations and joint commissions on expanding further military ties into the future.[3] The agreement also encompassed rebuilding Albania's Pasha Liman Base in the Bay of Vlorë on the Ionian Sea by Turkey, in return for granting Turkey's access and use.[6][5] Turkey has trained the Albanian Armed Forces, in particular officers and commando units.[4][6][5] During civil war in 1997, Turkey alongside other countries, participated in Operation Alba by providing a brigade of 800 Turkish troops to restore order and its involvement served mainly as a stabilising force.[4][7]

Turkey considers its friendship with Albania as important due to the context of state relations with Greece and through policy have exploited difficulties arising in Albanian-Greek relations.[8][9] Having a powerful ally in Turkey has suited Albania at times regarding difficult interstate relations with Greece.[10] Albania's emergence in the Balkans as a key NATO partner contributed to good and stronger Albanian-Turkish relations, in particular relating to military matters.[11] The military alliance during the 1990s between Turkey and Albania was also aimed against Serbia in case a war over Kosovo had a wider regional spread.[12] Greece has expressed concerns regarding Turkish relations with Albania and interpreted them as an anti-Greek measure to isolate Greece within the wider context of Albania being a potential outlet for expanding Muslim influence and Turkey allying with Muslim populations in the Balkans.[3][13][14] Turkey on the other hand claimed Greece increased tensions within the region and conveyed concerns relating to Albanian and Greek polemics with Ankara expressing a partial bias on Albania's side angering the Greeks.[15] Greece, aware of Albanian-Turkish military agreements denounced Turkey's interference in Greek affairs.[15] Though not officially considered in Turkey as a rival within Albania, during the unrest of 1997 Greece was able to become an influential actor in Albania and the early period of the Kosovo crisis (1998-1999) when Albanian officials looked to Greece for assistance.[16] The resumption of closer Albanian-Turkish relations ensured during the Kosovo crisis that made both countries act along the same policy lines toward Slobodan Milošević and the issue of Greater Serbia.[17]

Turkey supported Albania's membership to become part of NATO.[4] Military cooperation between Albania and Turkey is viewed by NATO as a stabilising factor within the volatile region of the Balkans.[18] Albania has come to depend heavily on Turkish assistance and a high amount of military security.[3] Turkey remains for Albania an important military ally alongside the U.S.[19] Through its military personnel Turkey continues to train Albanian armed forces and also to provide assistance in logistics and modernisation efforts of the Albanian military.[20][21] Radar systems for the surveillance of Albanian airspace in addition to telecommunication equipment have been supplied by Turkey to Albania.[22] Albania receives Turkish assistance for police training.[17] Turkey has continuously supported Albania from the 1990s on EU related matters as both countries view EU membership as an eventual final goal and common objective.[23] State relations of Albania with Turkey are friendly and close, due to maintenance of close links with the Albanian diaspora in Turkey and strong Turkish sociopolitical, cultural, economic and military ties with Albania.[24][25][26][27][28][29][4] Turkey has been supportive of Albanian geopolitical interests within the Balkans.[28][4][30] In Gallup polls conducted in recent times Turkey is viewed as a friendly country by 73% of people in Albania.[31] Albania has established political and economic ties with Arab countries, in particular with Arab Persian Gulf states who have heavily invested in religious, transport and other infrastructure alongside other facets of the economy in addition to the somewhat limited societal links they share.[32] Albania is also working to develop social-political and economic ties with Israel.[33]

Greece

After the fall of the Albanian communist regime in 1991, relations between Greece and Albania became increasingly strained because of widespread allegations of mistreatment by Albanian authorities of the Greek ethnic minority in southern Albania and of mistreatment the Albanian communities in northern Greece. A wave of Albanian illegal economic migrants to Greece exacerbated tensions. The crisis in Greek–Albanian relations reached its peak in late August 1994, when an Albanian court sentenced five members (a sixth member was added later) of the ethnic Greek political party Omonia to prison terms on charges of undermining the Albanian state. Greece responded by freezing all EU aid to Albania, and sealing its border with Albania. In December 1994, however, Greece began to permit limited EU aid to Albania, while Albania released two of the Omonia defendants and reduced the sentences of the remaining four. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

There are still other impending issues in the relations between the two countries, regarding many Albanian workers in Greece who have not received legal papers despite promises by the Greek government. In 1996, the two countries signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship and discussed the issues of the status of Albanian refugees in Greece and education in the mother tongue for the ethnic Greek minority in southern Albania. In the 1990s, Greece preferred and assisted Fatos Nano as Albanian leader due to him being Orthodox over Sali Berisha a Muslim, as Nano was seen as being friendlier to Greek interests.[34] The government of Fatos Nano was viewed by Turkey as having a pro-Greek orientation and expressed some dissatisfaction though during that time still maintained close military relations with Albania in rebuilding its armed forces and a military base.[19]

Today, as result of very frequent high-level contacts between the governments and the parliaments, relations between the two countries are regarded as excellent. Greece is a staunch supporter of the Euro-Atlantic integration of the Republic of Albania. Since Albania's NATO entry in May 2009, Albanian-Greek relations have been developing on all fronts, and especially after the election victory of Edi Rama in 2013,[35] with the Albanian Chief of Foreign Policy, Ralf Gjoni, describing the diplomatic relations between two countries as "excellent". Greece today is Albania's most important European Union ally and NATO partner.[36] At the Albanian government's request, about 250 Greek military personnel are stationed in Albania to assist with the training and restructuring of the Albanian Armed Forces, as part of the NATO programme. Big projects currently in running between the two countries include the touristic development of the Ionian coastline shared between the two countries, and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which helped boosting the relations of the two countries even further.

Albania's ties with Greece are also based on cultural and historic relations of the two peoples, including migration and national minorities. In addition, since Albania's transition to democracy, Greece has become a major financial partner of the country with Albania's economy being heavily reliant on investments from Greece. Culturally, the two nations' populations, whilst having a tense history, share numerous cultural and historic traits that have been used to boost the political relations of the neighbouring countries.

There had been numerous discussions, research and attempts by Albanians and Greeks to form a confederation during the Ottoman period.[37] In the 19th century there were plans to create a Greek-Albanian confederation, which was revived from the earlier 18th century plans. In 1907 a special protocol and memorandum of understanding was signed by Neoklis Kazazis and Ismail Qemali, the first prime minister of Albania. Furthermore, Arvanite author Aristides Kollias in his book "The proclamation of the Association of Arvanites" states "from 1881 to 1907 we have sustained efforts and repeated consultations between Greeks and Albanians to create a Greek-Albanian state." In addition, Thanos Paleologos-Anagnostopoulos in his book "Greece and Albania in the early 20th century (1995)" stated that Ismail Qemali, a philhellene, worked with numerous Greek politicians and lobbyists, including Arvanite leaders, on a possible Greek-Albanian federation, one that "maintains national and religious independence of the two peoples."[38] Likewise, Neoklis Kazazis saw this as a way of Greece quashing Italian influence in the region.[39]

International

Albania was voted to become a member of the 15-country UN Security Council for a two-year term, in 2022–23, on 11 June 2021.[40] Former ambassador Kadare said that Albania's priorities in the Security Council will include a focus on women, peace, and security, promoting human rights and international law, preventing conflicts, protecting civilians, countering violent extremism, addressing climate change and its links to security, and strengthening multilateralism and the rules-based international order.[40] She tweeted thanks to all countries that: "entrusted us with this huge responsibility".[40]

Disputes

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File:Besiana Kadare at UN.jpg
Former ambassador to the United Nations Besiana Kadare

The Albanian government supports the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders but has downplayed them to further its primary foreign policy goal of regional cooperation; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks full recognition of the declared independence from Serbia; Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs, and representation in government.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". A handful of Albanian troops have participated in the U.S.-led military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.[41] Albanian policy is very favorable to that of the United States and European Union.

The $30 million Albanian-American Enterprise Fund (AAEF), launched in 1994, is actively making debt and equity investments in local businesses.[42] AAEF is designed to harness private sector efforts to assist in the economic transformation. U.S. assistance priorities include promotion of agricultural development and a market economy, advancement of democratic institutions (including police training), and improvements in quality of life.

International conflicts

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Albania has expressed support for Ukraine and also supported Latvia's nomination to join the United Nations Security Council in 2025.[43]

List of countries

List of countries which Albania maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Albania.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts[44]
2 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts[45]
3 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Template:Dts[46]
4 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts[47]
5 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts[48]
6 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts[49]
7 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts[50]
8 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts[51]
9 File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Dts[52]
10 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[53]
11 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts[54]
12 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts[55]
13 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[56]
14 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts[57]
15 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts[58]
16 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts[59]
17 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts[60]
18 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[61]
19 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts[62]
20 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts[63]
21 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts[64]
22 File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts[65]
23 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts[66]
24 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Template:Dts[67]
25 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts[68]
26 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts[69]
27 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Template:Dts[67]
28 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Template:Dts[70]
29 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts[71]
30 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts[72]
31 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts[67][73]
32 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts[74]
33 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts[75]
34 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Template:Dts[76][77]
35 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts[67][78]
36 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Template:Dts[79]
37 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Template:Dts[67][80]
38 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Template:Dts[67]
39 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Template:Dts[81]
40 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Template:Dts[82]
41 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts[83]
42 File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts[84]
43 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts[85]
44 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Template:Dts[86]
45 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Template:Dts[87]
46 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Template:Dts[88]
47 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts[89]
48 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts[90]
49 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts[91]
50 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts[92]
— File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran (severed) Template:Dts[93]
51 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts[94]
52 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[95]
53 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Template:Dts[96]
54 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:DTS[97]
55 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Template:Dts[98][99]
56 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Template:DTS[100]
57 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:Dts[101]
58 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Template:Dts[102]
59 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Template:Dts[102]
60 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Template:Dts[103]
61 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts[104]
62 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:DTS[105]
63 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts[102]
64 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Template:Dts[106][107]
65 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts[106]
66 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts[98]
67 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts[108]
68 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Template:Dts[109]
69 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Template:Dts[110]
70 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Template:Dts[111]
71 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts[112]
72 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Template:Dts[113]
73 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Template:Dts[114]
74 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts[115]
75 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Template:Dts[116]
76 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Template:Dts[117]
77 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts[118]
78 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[119]
79 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Template:Dts[120]
80 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts[121]
81 File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Template:Dts[122][123]
82 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts[124]
83 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts[125]
84 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:Dts[126]
85 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts[127]
86 File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Template:Dts[128]
87 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts[129]
88 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Template:DTS[130]
89 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Template:Dts[131]
90 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts[132]
91 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Template:Dts[133]
92 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Template:Dts[134]
93 File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Template:Dts[135]
94 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:Dts[136]
95 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Template:Dts[134]
96 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts[137]
97 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Template:Dts[138]
98 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Template:Dts[139]
99 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Template:Dts[140]
100 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Template:Dts[141]
101 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Template:Dts[142]
102 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts[143]
103 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Template:Dts[144]
104 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Template:DTS[145]
105 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts[146]
106 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts[147]
107 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Template:Dts[148]
108 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Template:Dts[149]
109 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Template:Dts[150]
110 File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts[151]
111 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts[152]
112 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts[153]
113 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Template:Dts[154]
— Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Dts[155]
114 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Template:Dts[156]
115 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Template:Dts[157]
116 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts[158]
117 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:Dts[159]
118 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts[160]
— File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts[161]
119 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts[162]
120 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts[163]
121 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts[164][165]
122 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts[163]
123 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Dts[163]
124 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Template:Dts[166]
125 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Template:Dts[160]
126 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Dts[167]
127 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Template:Dts[168]
128 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Template:Dts[169]
129 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Template:Dts[170]
130 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:Dts[171]
131 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Dts[172]
132 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts[163]
133 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts[160]
134 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts[160]
135 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts[173]
136 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Template:Dts[174]
137 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Template:Dts[175]
138 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts[176]
139 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[177]
140 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Dts[178]
141 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Dts[179]
142 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Dts[180]
143 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts[181]
144 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Dts[182]
145 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Template:Dts[183]
146 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Template:DTS[184]
147 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Dts[185]
— Template:Country data Sovereign Order of Malta Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".[186]
148 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts[187]
149 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Template:Dts[188]
150 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Template:Dts[160]
151 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Template:Dts[189]
152 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Template:Dts[190]
153 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Template:Dts[191]
154 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan Template:Dts[192]
— File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Template:Dts[193]
155 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Template:Dts[194]
156 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Template:Dts[160]
157 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Template:Dts[195]
158 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:Dts[160]
159 File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts[196]
160 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Template:Dts[160]
161 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:Dts[197]
162 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Template:Dts[160]
163 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Template:Dts[198]
164 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Template:Dts[160]
165 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Template:Dts[199]
166 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Template:Dts[200]

In 2008 and 2009, the Albanian Parliament ordered the Foreign Ministry to establish diplomatic relations with countries which Albania did not maintain diplomatic relations with, namely Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica, East Timor, Eswatini, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Kiribati, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Rwanda, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda and Vanuatu.[201][202]

Diplomatic relations were suspended with Iran on 7 September 2022.[203]

Organizations

Albania is member in these international organizations:[204]

AC, APF, BIE, BSEC, CEB, CoBx, CoE, CERN (Non-Member State), CEI, CCC, CEFTA, ECE, EAPC, EBRD, EITI, ECAA, ECAC, EC, ENTSO-E, Eurocontrol, FAO, FIUs, IAEA, IAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICC, ICRC, ICRM, ICCROM, IDA, IDB, IHO, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, OAS, OB, OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, OTIF, PCA, SEECP, SECI, SETC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNDSS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNW, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, UfM, VC, WB, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO and WTO.

Diplomatic relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 1963[205]
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 1958[205] See Albania–Egypt relations

The father of the modern Egypt Muhammad Ali of Egypt was Albanian commander in the Ottoman army. Albanian Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned in Egypt from 1805 to 1952.

File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya 1970[205] See Albania–Libya relations

Albania was one of the first countries to recognize the National Transitional Council on 18 July 2011 as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people.[208][209][210]

  • Libya has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 1973[205]
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 1962[212]

Since the start of diplomatic relations, both countries have shown a willingness to collaborate, particularly in the field of trade. In January 2005, Albania revoked its 'de facto' recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in favor of Morocco.[212]

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 1973[205]
  • Albania is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Argentina is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 1974 [205] See Albania–Brazil relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Brasília.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 10 September 1987[213] See Albania–Canada relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Ottawa.
  • Canada is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy and has an honorary consulate in Tirana.
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 1980[205]
  • In September 1964, Cuba and Albania signed a pact for scientific cooperation.[214]
  • Albania is accredited to Cuba from its UN ambassador Besiana Kadare in New York.
  • Cuba is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria.[215]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 15 October 1974[205] See Albania–Mexico relations

Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Albania on 15 October 1974. Shortly thereafter Mexico opened a resident embassy in Tirana, however the embassy was closed in 1979.[216]

  • Albania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., USA.[217]
  • Mexico is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Tirana.[218]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 1922[219] See Albania–United States relations

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Script error: No such module "anchor".File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 18 February 1993
  • Albania is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Armenia is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece and has an honorary consulate in Tirana.[220][221]
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 23 September 1992 See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
  • Albania is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Both countries are members of OIC and of Council of Europe.
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 23 November 1949 See Albania–China relations

People's Socialist Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha, moved an annual resolution in the General Assembly to transfer China's seat at the United Nations from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China. On 25 October 1971, Resolution 2758, sponsored by Albania, was passed by the General Assembly, withdrawing recognition of the ROC as the legitimate government of China, and recognizing the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China. Albania was the first country to recognize the People's Republic China. Albania and People's Republic China established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1949.[62]

File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 28 August 1991[222]
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 1958[205] See Albania–Egypt relations

The father of the modern Egypt Muhammad Ali of Egypt was Albanian commander in the Ottoman army. Albanian Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned in Egypt from 1805 to 1952.

Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[228] See Albania–Georgia relations
  • Albania is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
File:Flag of India.svg India 1956[229] See Albania–India relations

Mother Teresa, one of India's national symbols, was of Albanian origin.

File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 1971[205] Severed Diplomatic in 7 September 2022 See Albania–Iran relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 20 August 1991[230] See Albania–Israel relations

Albania recognized the State of Israel on 16 April 1949 by a telegram of Prime Minister of Albania Enver Hoxha.

File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan April 1922
re-established in March 1981		 See Albania–Japan relations

Albania and Japan resumed established diplomatic relations in March 1981.[233]

  • Albania has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 1968[205]
  • Albania has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 1981[205]
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 24 May 1949[234]
  • Albania is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 23 May 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 May 1972.[235]

File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 29 November 1948Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 1965 In December 2006, Albanian deputy foreign minister Anton Gurakqui visited Pakistan to hold bilateral consultation with Pakistani political leadership. Pakistan also offers training facilities to young Albanian bureaucrats in the field of banking, finance, management and diplomacy.[236]
Template:Country data Palestine 1990 See Albania–Palestine relations

Albania had previously recognized the State of Palestine as a state since 1988.

  • Palestine has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 1992
  • Albania has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 7 April 1924 See Albania–Russia relations
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 1992
  • Albania has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 22 August 1991[158] See Albania–South Korea relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Tirana.

Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon and minister of foreign affairs, Besnik Mustafaj signed the Convention between South Korea and Albania for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Respect to Taxes on Income and for the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion on 17 May 2006.[237]

The number of the South Korean citizens living in Albania, in 2020 was about 102.[238]

File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 1981 See Albania-Turkey relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 1992
  • Albania has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • UAE is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 18 February 1993
  • Albania is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Armenia is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece and has an honorary consulate in Tirana.[220][221]
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria 1912 See Albania–Austria relations

Austria-Hungary supported the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.

  • Albania has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 23 September 1992 See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
  • Albania is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Both countries are members of OIC and of Council of Europe.
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium See Albania–Belgium relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Belgium has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 1922 See Albania–Bulgaria relations
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 25 August 1992 See Albania–Croatia relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Albania had recognized Croatia on 21 January 1992.
  • Albania and Croatia established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1992.[240]
  • In April 2009, both countries became full members of NATO at an event which both Albanian prime minister Sali Berisha and Croatian prime minister Ivo Sanader attended. Also that year, the two countries decided to build a joint Nuclear Power Plant on the Albanian border with Montenegro.
  • The two have a history of defense pacts, and overall there is a good relationship.
  • Arbanasi is a community in the Zadar region, Croatia, of Albanian origin, who traditionally speak a dialect of Gheg Albanian.
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 28 August 1991[222]
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic See Albania–Czech Republic relations

The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew form the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter.[241]

  • Albania has an embassy in Prague.
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts[242] See Albania–Denmark relations
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts See Albania–Estonia relations
  • Albania is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.
  • Estonia is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
  • Albania is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Finland is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.
  • Albania is an EU candidate and Finland is a member.
  • Albania supports Finland's NATO membership.
File:Flag of France.svg France See Albania–France relations
Template:Country data Georgia Template:Dts[228] See Albania–Georgia relations
  • Albania is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany See Albania–Germany relations
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece de facto in 1971[245][246]
de juro 21 March 1996		 See Albania–Greece relations


Cham Albanians
Expulsion of Cham Albanians
Albanian communities in Greece

  • Albania has an embassy in Athens and consulates-general in Ioannina and Thessaloniki.
  • Greece has an embassy in Tirana and consulates-general in Gjirokastër and Korça.
  • Greece is home to just under a million Albanians (some sources say 600,000, whilst other Greek organisations claim 900,000 with illegal migrants and overstayers).
  • The Arvanitika are a Tosk dialect traditionally spoken by the Arvanites, a population group in Greece. Arvanitika is today an endangered language, as its speakers have been shifting to the use of Greek and most younger members of the community no longer speak it.[247]
  • Greece is Albania's most important European Union ally and partner.[248]
  • Relations since the election victory of Edi Rama in 2013 have seen massive improvement and warming of relations between the two nations.[35]
  • The Archbishop of Albania is of Greek descent.[249]
  • There are many cultural, political, historical and biological similarities and shared kinship between the Albanian and Greek peoples.[250][251]
  • Greek is the second most spoken language in Albania, with a considerable size having knowledge of it, due to immigration and Greek minority.[252]
  • Albanian is the most common foreign/migrant language in Greece, although most Greeks do not have clear knowledge of it.[253]
  • Many organisations both political and societal exist in Albania and Greece promoting relations between the two nations.[254]
  • As of 2014 both nations have described their relations as 'excellent' and Albania considered Greece one of its 'strongest and most important allies', both NATO nations have close relations nowadays.[255]
File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See 7 September 1991[256] See Albania–Holy See relations
  • Albania has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome.[257]
  • Holy See has a resident nunciature (embassy) in Tirana.[257]
  • The Apostolic Nunciature in Albania started asf an apostolic delegation to Albania by Pope Benedict XV on 12 November 1920, and was elevated to the full rank of a nunciature by Pope John Paul II on 16 January 1991.
  • Relations were reestablished in 1991, after the fall of communism in Albania.
  • Pope John Paul II was the first Pope to visit Albania, which took place immediately after the fall of communism.
  • Pope Francis visited Albania on 21 September, which the first nation in Europe he visited.[258]
  • Albania is home to 520,000 Roman Catholics, and is the second largest religion in the country, after Islam. (Roman Catholicism in Albania)
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary See Albania–Hungary relations
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland See Albania–Iceland relations
  • Albania is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[259]
  • Iceland is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden[260] and has an honorary consulate in Tirana.[261]
  • Both countries are members of NATO and of Council of Europe.
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland See Albania–Ireland relations
  • Albania is accredited to Ireland from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.[262]
  • Ireland is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.[263]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 1912 See Albania–Italy relations
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo 18 February 2008 See Albania–Kosovo relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Pristina.
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Albania recognized the Republic of Kosovo on 21 October 1991, the only country to do it.
  • Albania recognized Kosovo on 18 February 2008, one of the first countries to do so.
  • Albanians in Kosovo constitute 92% of the population.
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia See Albania–Latvia relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1928 and were restored in 1992.[265]
  • Albania is represented in Latvia by its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.[265]
  • Latvia is represented in Albania by its embassy in Rome, Italy and an honorary consulate in Tirana.[266]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[267]
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 27 April 1992 See Albania–Lithuania relations
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro 1 August 2006 See Albania–Montenegro relations
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 1970[268] See Albania–Netherlands relations
  • Albania has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Tirana.
Template:Country data North Macedonia 1991 See Albania–North Macedonia relations
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland See Albania–Poland relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Warsaw
  • Poland has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Albania is an EU candidate and Poland is a member.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal See Albania–Portugal relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 28 December 1913 See Albania–Romania relations
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 7 April 1924 See Albania–Russia relations
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia See Albania-Serbia relations
File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1994[256]
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia See Albania–Slovakia relations

The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew form the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter.[241]

  • Albania has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia See Albania–Slovenia relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain See Albania–Spain relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 1 March 1922[271]

Albanians in Switzerland

  • Albania has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tirana.
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 1981 See Albania-Turkey relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 1992 See Albania-Ukraine relations

The diplomatic relations between Albania and Ukraine were established in 1922.

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 9 November 1921 See Albania–United Kingdom relations

Albania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 November 1921.[48]

  • Albania maintains an embassy in London.[273]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Albania through its embassy in Tirana.[274]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,[275] an Investment Agreement,[276] a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,[277] a Readmission Agreement,[48] and an Agreement on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.[48]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 1984 See Albania–Australia relations
  • Albanian Australians are residents of Australia who are of Albanian heritage or descent. According to the 2011 Australian census 2,398 Albanians were born in Australia while 13,142 claimed Albanian ancestry, either alone or with another ancestry.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Former countries

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Papal States

Albania (League of Lezhë) during the reign of Skanderbeg had good relations with the Papacy.

Template:Country data Kingdom of Naples

Albania (League of Lezhë) during the reign of Skanderbeg had good relations with Naples. See
Skanderbeg's Italian expedition

File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 7 April 1924 See Albania–Soviet Union relations
File:Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice

Albanian–Venetian War (1447–1448)
Venetian Albania

File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia 1946 See Albania–Yugoslavia relations
File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918).svg Austria-Hungary See Albania–Austria relations and Albania–Hungary relations
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia See Albania–Czech Republic relations
File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany 1952 See Albania–Germany relations

Multilateral

Organisation Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union 1992 See Accession of Albania to the European Union

Albania applied in 2009 to join and became an official candidate in June 2014. The Commission recommended the launch of negotiations on 9 November 2016.[278] In 2020 EU ministers agree to start accession talks,[1] on 19 July 2022 Albania starts accession talks and holds the first Intergovernmental Conference on accession negotiations.[29]

  • Albania has permanent representatives to the European Union in Brussels.
  • European Union has an embassy (delegation) in Tirana.
Template:Country data NATO 1992 See Albania–NATO relations

At the 2008 Bucharest summit, NATO invited Albania to join the alliance. In April 2009 Albania became a full member of the NATO, which remains popular in the country especially due to its intervention in the Kosovo war on behalf of ethnic Albanians.[279] Within the Balkans, Albania is considered to be the most pro-European and pro-Western country in the region and unlike its neighbours, except Kosovo, it has to negligible support for Russia.[280][24]

  • Albania has permanent representatives to NATO in Brussels.
  • Albania's relationship with the NATO began in 1992 when it joined EAPC.
  • In 1994, Albania entered NATO's PfP.
  • In 1999, Albania received MAP
  • Albania received an invitation to join at the 2008 Bucharest Summit and became a full member on 1 April 2009.
File:Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations 14 December 1955 See Albania at the United Nations
  • Albania has permanent representatives to the UN in New York.
  • Albania became a full member on 14 December 1955.

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Konferencë për shtyp e Ministrit të Punëve të Jashtme z. Panariti lidhur me vizitën e fundit në Greqi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania, 2012-10-06 (in Albanian)
  2. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". "The Turkish policy exploited the difficulties between Albania and Greece but also the fact that Islam is the main religion of the country. Furthermore, close relations with Albania were encouraged by the Americans and Europeans considering the Turkish presence in the area as a factor of stability."
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. "But the essential factor is that Kosovo borders on the Republic of Albania which is militarily allied with Turkey against Serbia, and the mountains separating the Kosovo plain from Albania and from Macedonia are the only natural protection in case of conflict with these countries."
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".. "Turkish links with Albania... Greece felt that Turkey was allying itself with the area's Muslims (perhaps with aims to revive the heyday of the Ottomans) and seeking to isolate Greece. Turkey denied those charges and claimed that Greece was exacerbating tensions in the Balkans. Given its historic ties to Albania, coupled with the positive relations established between Turkey and Albania, Ankara has begun to express concern over the polemics between Greece and Albania. Turkey has voiced such concern with slight bias on Albania's behalf much to the anger of the Greeks. Greece, aware of military treaties between Turkey and Albania naturally denounced Turkey's meddling in Greek affairs souring regional relations further."
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". p. 90. "In a broader Balkan context, Turkey has always seen the Albanians as its natural allies in the Balkans. If the Greeks and Serbs have stood on one side of the scale, the Turks and the Albanians have stood on the other. Although some kind of dissatisfaction with Nano's government is felt in Ankara over what is seen in the Turkish capital as Tirana's pro-Greek orientation, Turkey continues to have close military ties with Tirana; indeed, it is playing an important role in the re-organization of the disintegrated Albanian army. Albania's most important military base, which was destroyed during the armed uprising last year, will be rebuilt by Turkey."
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  24. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  29. ↑ a b "Genci Muçaj: Albania enjoys magnificent relations with Turkey Template:Webarchive". Koha Jonë. 14 Mars 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". pp. 80–81. "Greece's favorite candidate in these elections was clearly MR. Nano. As emerges from the interview material, he –unlike Berisha- was held in high esteem by the Greek side. It should not escape notice that Nano was by origin Orthodox Christian from Southern Albania, whereas Berisha was a northern Muslim... Greece's favour towards Nano was clearly demonstrated in June, when he was allowed to speak to a crowd of Albanian citizens at a pre-election rally in one of Athens' central squares. The police did not interfere and no arrests of illegal immigrants were made."
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  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Albania, CIA The World Factbook
  205. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ India - Albania Relations, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Japan-Albania Relations, Website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
  234. ↑ LIST OF STATES WITH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS Template:Webarchive, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mongolia
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  239. ↑ a b Bulgaria. Embassy Pages.
  240. ↑ Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Template:Webarchive, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia
  241. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Babiniotis, Lexicon of the Greek Language
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Archbishop Anastasios of Albania
  250. ↑ Origin of the Albanians
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Languages of Albania
  253. ↑ Albanian communities in Greece
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ a b Historia e Ambasadës Template:Webarchive, Albanian Embassy in Holy See (in Albanian)
  257. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  258. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  261. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  262. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  263. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  264. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  265. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  267. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  269. ↑ Berisha: Grateful to the Albanian community in Bucharest Template:Webarchive, Top-Channel, 2012-10-19
  270. ↑ Presidenti Nishani merr mesazhe urimi nga krerë shtetesh me rastin e kremtimit të 100-vjetorit të Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë Template:Webarchive, President of Albania, 2012-11-30
  271. ↑ Ngritja e marrëdhënieve diplomatike Template:Webarchive, Balkanweb (in Albanian)
  272. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  273. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  274. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  275. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  276. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  277. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  278. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  279. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  280. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

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