Fiber pull-out

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Fiber pull-out is one of the failure mechanisms in fiber-reinforced composite materials.^[1] Other forms of failure include delamination, intralaminar matrix cracking, longitudinal matrix splitting, fiber/matrix debonding, and fiber fracture.^[1] The cause of fiber pull-out and delamination is weak bonding.^[2]

Work for debonding, $W_{d} = \frac{π d^{2} σ_{f}^{2} l_{d}}{24 E_{f}}$ ^[3]

where

$d$ is fiber diameter
$σ_{f}^{2}$ is failure strength of the fiber
$l_{d}$ is the length of the debonded zone
$E_{f}$ is fiber modulus

File:CVIpullout.jpg

In ceramic matrix composite material this mechanism is not a failure mechanism, but essential for its fracture toughness,^[4] which is several factors above that of conventional ceramics.

The figure is an example of how a fracture surface of this material looks like. The strong fibers form bridges over the cracks before they fail at elongations around 0.7%, and thus prevent brittle rupture of the material at 0.05%, especially under thermal shock conditions.^[5]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This allows using this type of ceramics for heat shields applied for the re-entry of space vehicles, for disk brakes and slide bearing components.

References

↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R Schmid. "Manufacturing Engineering and Technology". 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 2009, p. 223. Template:ISBN
↑ PWR Beaumont. "Fracture mechanisms in fibrous composites". Fracture Mechanics, Current Status, Future Prospects. Edited by RA Smith. Pergamon Press: 1979. p211-33 in Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ V. Bheemreddy et al. "Modeling of fiber pull-out in continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites using finite element method and artificial neural networks," Computational Materials Science, Vol. 79, pp.663-676, 2013.
↑ W. Krenkel, ed.:Ceramic Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008, Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers". Template:ISBN

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[2] Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R Schmid. "Manufacturing Engineering and Technology". 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 2009, p. 223. Template:ISBN

[3] PWR Beaumont. "Fracture mechanisms in fibrous composites". Fracture Mechanics, Current Status, Future Prospects. Edited by RA Smith. Pergamon Press: 1979. p211-33 in Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[4] V. Bheemreddy et al. "Modeling of fiber pull-out in continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites using finite element method and artificial neural networks," Computational Materials Science, Vol. 79, pp.663-676, 2013.

[5] W. Krenkel, ed.:Ceramic Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008, Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers". Template:ISBN

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Fiber pull-out

References

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