Federal Council of Churches

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Template:Short description The Federal Council of Churches, officially the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, was an ecumenical association of Christian denominations in the United States in the early twentieth century. It represented the Anglican, Baptist, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, Oriental Orthodox, Polish National Catholic, Presbyterian, and Reformed traditions of Christianity.[1][2][3] It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches.

History

The Federal Council of Churches was founded at a convention that met at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia in May 1908.[4] Originally the Council consisted of thirty-two denominations. By 1923, it maintained central offices at 105 East 22nd Street, New York City. It also had offices at the Woodward Building, Washington, D.C., and at 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago.[5] In 1938, the Federal Council of Churches and the Catholic Church jointly released a statement condemning the attacks on Jews and religious minorities in response to Kristallnacht. This would be the first time that Catholic, Anglican and Protestant churches jointly issued a formal declaration.[6]

Social and political advocacy

The Federal Council of Churches was active in the Temperance and Prohibition of alcohol movements.[7][8][9]

Additionally, the council was an organization that believed very deeply in democracy.[10] In its statement on the nature and tasks of Christian Cooperation, the Council declared:

With the demand for industrial democracy the churches are intensely concerned, for democracy is the expression of Christianity.[11]

The Social Creeds

"The Social Creed of the Churches" was a statement by members of the Federal Council of Churches in December 1908 against what it described as "industrial problems." The document spelled out a list of principles, including:

  • Equal rights and complete justice for all men in all stations of life
  • Protection of the worker from dangerous machinery, occupational disease, injuries, and mortality
  • Abolition of child labor
  • Regulation of the conditions of toil for women as shall safeguard the physical and moral health of the community
  • A living wage as a minimum in every industry
  • Provision for the old age of the workers and for those incapacitated by injury
  • Abatement of poverty[12]

Over time the Council included additional principles, including addressing the injustice of the unequal distribution of wealth.[13]

Critics attacked the Federal Council of Churches as a front for communism.[14]

Member denominations

By 1923 the member denominations were as follows:[5]

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Commissions

The FCC worked through a number of Commissions which addressed various social issues of the day. These included the Commission on the Church and Social Service which carried out research and education on industrial problems, the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill which stressed "Christian internationalism" and campaigned for the reduction of armaments and the Commission on Councils of Churches which worked on organizing local federations of churches in larger communities so they could be a more effect force in their neighborhoods. Other commissions included the Commission on Negro Churches and Race Relations, Commission on Evangelism, Commission on Education, Commission on Temperance, Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe and the Commission on Community Relations, which was founded in May 1923, "gives attention neighborhood programme of local churches, the housing of the community work of open churches, the social service work of local federations of Churches and represents the Protestant group in conferences of national social agencies working in communities."[5]

Notes

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  7. ↑ Federal Council of Churches unshaken in its stand for American prohibition.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  9. ↑ The Federal Council of Churches, Temperance and Prohibition
  10. ↑ FAVOR LABOR FORUM PLAN.; United Churches Urged to Recognize Demand of Industrial Democracy
  11. ↑ The Gospel for a Working World, Harry F. Ward
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Quadrennial Report, Volume 5, By Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".The Episcopal Church's membership in the Federal Council of Churches is viewed by many observers as another evidence of the world-wide movement toward Church cooperation and unity which daily increases strength. Known as the "ecumenical" movement, it aims to draw together the scattered elements of Christ's flock into the One Church He prayed for on the eve of His crucifixion.

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Sources

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Template:Presbyterian Church in the United States of America

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