Fazil Iskander

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File:Abkhazia 10 apsar Ag 2009 Iskander b.jpg
Reverse side of a 10 apsar commemorative coin minted on 6 May 2009 to celebrate Fazil Iskander's 80th birthday.

Fazil Abdulovich IskanderTemplate:Efn (6 March 1929 – 31 July 2016) was a Soviet and Russian[1] writer and poet known in the former Soviet Union for his descriptions of Caucasian life. He authored various stories, including "Zashita Chika", which features a crafty and likeable young boy named "Chik", but is probably best known for the picaresque novel Sandro of Chegem and its sequel The Gospel According to Chegem.

Biography

Early life

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander was born in 1929 in the cosmopolitan port city of Sukhumi, Georgia (then part of the USSR) to an Iranian father (Abdul Ibragimovich Iskander) and an Abkhazian mother (Leili Khasanovna Iskander).[2][3] His father was deported to Iran in 1938 and sent to a penal camp where he died in 1957.[4] His father was the victim of Joseph Stalin's deportation policies of the national minorities of the Caucasus.[2] As a result, Fazil and his brother Feredun and his sister Giuli were raised by his mother's Abkhazian family.[2][4] Fazil was only nine years old at that time.[5][6]

Career

The most famous intellectual of Abkhazia,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". he first became well known in the mid-1960s along with other representatives of the "young prose" movement like Yury Kazakov and Vasily Aksyonov, especially for what is perhaps his best story,[7] Sozvezdie kozlotura (1966), variously translated as "The Goatibex Constellation," "The Constellation of the Goat-Buffalo," and "Constellation of Capritaurus." It is written from the point of view of a young newspaperman who returns to his native Abkhazia, joins the staff of a local newspaper, and is caught up in the publicity campaign for a newly produced farm animal, a cross between a goat and a West Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica); a "remarkable satire of Lysenko's genetics and Khrushchev's agricultural campaigns, it was harshly criticized for showing the Soviet Union in a bad light."[8][9]

He is probably best known in the English speaking world for Sandro of Chegem, a picaresque novel that recounts life in a fictional Abkhaz village from the early years of the 20th century until the 1970s, which evoked praise for the author as "an Abkhazian Mark Twain."[10] Mr. Iskander's humor, like Mark Twain's, has a tendency to sneak up on you instead of hitting you over the head.[10] This rambling, amusing and ironic work has been considered as an example of magic realism, although Iskander himself said he "did not care for Latin American magic realism in general".[11] Five films were made based upon parts of the novel.[12]

Iskander distanced himself from the Abkhaz secessionist strivings in the late 1980s and criticised both Georgian and Abkhaz communities of Abkhazia for their ethnic prejudices. Script error: No such module "Unsubst". He warned that Abkhazia could become a new Nagorno-Karabakh. Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Later Iskander resided in Moscow and was a writer for the newspaper Kultura.[13]

On 3 September 2011, a statue of Iskander's literary character Chik was unveiled on Sukhumi's Muhajir Quay.[14]

Family

Iskander had been married to a Russian poet Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova since 1960. In 2011 the couple published a book of poems entitled Snow and Grapes to celebrate their golden wedding anniversary.[1] They had one son and one daughter.

Death

Iskander died in his home on 31 July 2016 in Peredelkino, aged 87.[15][16][17][18]

Quotes

"Perhaps the most touching and profound characteristic of childhood is an unquestioning belief in the rule of common sense. The child believes that the world is rational and hence regards everything irrational as some sort of obstacle to be pushed aside. . . . The best people, I think, are those who over the years have managed to retain this childhood faith in the world's rationality. For it is this faith which provides man with passion and zeal in his struggle against the twin follies of cruelty and stupidity." (The Goatibex Constellation)

„all serious Russian and European literature is an endless commentary on the gospel.“

(„Reflections of a Writer“ by Fazil Iskander) [19]

Awards and prizes

In 2009, Bank of Abkhazia issued a commemorative silver coin from the series "Outstanding Personalities of Abkhazia", dedicated to Fazil Iskander denomination of 10 apsaras. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Already after the writer's death, the Fazil Iskander International Literary Prize was established in Russia in three nominations: prose, poetry and screenplay based on the works of Iskander. The Fazil Iskander International Literary Award is now in its sixth year.[30] was established on August 3, 2016 by the Russian branch of the International Russian PEN Center.

Works

Works in English translation

  • Forbidden Fruit and Other Stories, Central Books LTD, 1972.
  • The Goatibex Constellation, Ardis, 1975.
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  • Contemporary Russian Prose (English and Russian Edition), 1980 Template:ISBN
  • Sandro of Chegem, Vintage Books, 1983. Template:ISBN
  • The Gospel According to Chegem, Vintage Books, 1984.Template:ISBN
  • Chik and His Friends, Ardis 1985.
  • Bolshoi den bolshogo doma: Rasskazy, 1986
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  • Rabbits and Boa Constrictors, Ardis, 1989. (Co-authored with Ronald E. Peterson) Template:ISBN
  • The Old House Under the Cypress Tree, Faber and Faber, 1996.
  • The Thirteenth Labour of Hercules, Raduga, 1997.
  • Rasskazy, povestʹ, skazka, dialog, ėsse, stikhi (Zerkalo) (Russian Edition), 1999 Template:ISBN
  • Parom (Russian Edition), 2004 Template:ISBN
  • Kozy i Shekspir: [Goats and Shakespear: ], Russian Edition, 2008
  • Put' iz Variag v Greki (The Road from the Varangians to the Greeks), Russian Edition 2008 Template:ISBN
  • Zoloto Vil'gel'ma: Povesti, Rasskazy (Gold of Vilgel'm: Stories, tales), 2010.
  • L'energia della vergogna (Italian Edition), 2014.
  • The Mystery of Conscience, 2016. Template:ISBN
  • Departures, 2016 Template:Catalog lookup linkScript error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".Script error: No such module "check isxn".
  • Sandró de Cheguem (Narrativa) (Spanish Edition), 2017 Template:ISBN
  • Druzia-priiateli/Detstvo Chika, Russian Edition 2018 Template:ISBN
  • Zvezdnyy kamen (Russian Edition), 2019 Template:ISBN
  • The Commonwealth Reconstructed Template:ISBN
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Online

Further reading

See also

Notes

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References

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External links

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  1. ↑ a b "There's no doubt I'm a Russian writer who praised Abkhazia a lot. Unfortunately, I haven't written anything in the Abkhaz language. The choice of Russian culture was principal to me." It is stifling to live without conscience interview in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, March 4, 2011 (in Russian)
  2. ↑ a b c Christine Rydel. Russian Prose Writers After World War II, Volume 302. p 122. Thomson Gale, 2005 Template:ISBN
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Edward J. Brown, Russian Literature Since the Revolution (Harvard University Press, 1982: Template:ISBN), p. 331.
  8. ↑ Karen L. Ryan-Hayes, Contemporary Russian Satire: A Genre Study (Cambridge University Press, 2006: Template:ISBN), p. 15.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Jacoby, Susan. "An Abkhazian Mark Twain". The New York Times. 15 May 1983. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ The Myth of the Non-Russian: Iskander and Aitmatov's Magical Universe, Erika Haber, Lexington Books, UK, 2003. (Page 65: "Iskander was awarded the USSR State Prize in November 1989")
  21. ↑ Remaking Russia: Voices from Within, Edited by Heyward Isham, Intro by Richard Pipes, M.E. Sharp 1995. (Intro, page xviii, "USSR State Prize 1989")
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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