Farnern
Farnern is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
History
Farnern is first mentioned in 1329 as Varnerron.[1]
The oldest trace of a settlement in the area are some Iron Age and Roman era coins which were found around Schmiedenmatt and Bettlerküche. The coins were probably offerings to an unknown shrine in the nearby mountain pass. During the Middle Ages the village was part of the court of Oberbipp. When Oberbipp was acquired by Bern, Farnern became part of the Bernese bailiwick of Bipp and the parish of Oberbipp.[1]
Traditionally the local farmers practiced subsistence farming but raised a few crops for export. In the 19th century they shifted to raising cattle for meat and milk. In 1876 there were enough dairy farmers in the village to support a local dairy and cheese factory. Today, agriculture still provides about half of the local jobs, but most residents now commute to jobs in Solothurn or other nearby towns. Due to falling primary school enrollment, in 1975 the municipality formed the Farnern-Rumisberg-Wolfisberg school district, with a small school house in each municipality.[1]
Geography
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Farnern has an area of Template:Swiss area.Template:Swiss area data As of the 2005 survey, a total of Script error: No such module "convert". or 64.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while Script error: No such module "convert". or 29.8% is forested. Of rest of the municipality Script error: No such module "convert". or 4.3% is settled (buildings or roads).[2]
From the same survey, housing and buildings made up 2.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. A total of 26.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 9.2% is used for growing crops and 25.5% is pasturage, while 2.2% is used for orchards or vine crops and 27.9% is used for alpine pastures.[2]
The municipality is located on a terrace on the southern slope of the Jura Mountains and includes the village of Farnern and scattered farm houses.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Wangen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Oberaargau.[3]
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent three Fern Leaves issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Vert. The fern leaves make this an example of canting arms.[4]
Demographics
Farnern has a population (since Template:Swiss populations YM[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) of Template:Swiss populations.Template:Swiss populations ref since 2012[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., 7.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Between the last 2 years (2010-2012) the population changed at a rate of 2.5%. Migration accounted for 0.0%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.5%.[5]
Most of the population (since 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) speaks German (218 or 98.6%) as their first language with the rest speaking French.[6]
since 2013[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The population was made up of 92 Swiss men (44.4% of the population) and 7 (3.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 102 Swiss women (49.3%) and 6 (2.9%) non-Swiss women.[7] Of the population in the municipality, 77 or about 34.8% were born in Farnern and lived there in 2000. There were 70 or 31.7% who were born in the same canton, while 60 or 27.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 11 or 5.0% were born outside of Switzerland.[6]
since 2012[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 16.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.0% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 26.1%.[5]
since 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 92 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 110 married individuals, 7 widows or widowers and 12 individuals who are divorced.[6]
since 2010[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 22 households that consist of only one person and 1 households with five or more people.[8] In 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., a total of 85 apartments (70.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 30 apartments (25.0%) were seasonally occupied and 5 apartments (4.2%) were empty.[9] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2013[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., was 0.8%. In 2012, single family homes made up 61.6% of the total housing in the municipality.[10]
The historical population is given in the following chart:[1][11][12] <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:40 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:310 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:60 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:12 start:0 PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1764 from:start till:124 text:"124" bar:1850 from:start till:268 text:"268" bar:1860 from:start till:235 text:"235" bar:1870 from:start till:294 text:"294" bar:1880 from:start till:309 text:"309" bar:1888 from:start till:248 text:"248" bar:1900 from:start till:274 text:"274" bar:1910 from:start till:236 text:"236" bar:1920 from:start till:219 text:"219" bar:1930 from:start till:183 text:"183" bar:1941 from:start till:168 text:"168" bar:1950 from:start till:189 text:"189" bar:1960 from:start till:192 text:"192" bar:1970 from:start till:159 text:"159" bar:1980 from:start till:177 text:"177" bar:1990 from:start till:205 text:"205" bar:2000 from:start till:221 text:"221" bar:2010 from:start till:200 text:"200"
</timeline>
Economy
since 2011[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Farnern had an unemployment rate of 1.81%. since 2011[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were a total of 75 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 35 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. The secondary sector employs 2 people and there was 1 business in this sector. The tertiary sector employs 38 people, with 14 businesses in this sector.[5] There were 124 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 50.0% of the workforce.
In 2008[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". there were a total of 55 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 21, all of which were in agriculture. There were no jobs in the secondary sector. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 34. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 5.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 5 or 14.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 22 or 64.7% were in the information industry, 4 or 11.8% were in education.[13]
In 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were 12 workers who commuted into the municipality and 90 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 34 workers (73.9% of the 46 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Farnern.[14] Of the working population, 9.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.3% used a private car.[5]
In 2013 the average church, local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Farnern making 150,000 CHF was 11.7%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.0%. For comparison, the median rate for all municipalities in the entire canton was 11.7% and 18.1%, while the nationwide median was 10.6% and 17.4% respectively.[15] In 2011 there were a total of 82 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 22 made over 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Farnern was 134,336 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 136,785 CHF.[16]
In 2011 a total of 1.8% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.[17]
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 49.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (19.7%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (10.6%) and the FDP.The Liberals (6.4%). In the federal election, a total of 87 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.6%.[18]
Religion
From the 2000 census[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., 170 or 76.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 20 or 9.0% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.90% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church. 28 (or about 12.67% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1 individuals (or about 0.45% of the population) did not answer the question.[6]
Education
In Farnern about 61.5% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 17.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[5] Of the 25 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 68.0% were Swiss men, 24.0% were Swiss women.[6]
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[19]
During the 2012–13 school year, there were a total of 18 students attending classes in Farnern. There were a total of 18 students in the German language kindergarten classes in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 11.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality's primary school had 18 students. Of the primary students, 5.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens). The remainder of the students attend a private or special school.[20]
since 2000[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there were a total of 21 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 7 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 14 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 20 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[14]
References
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- ↑ a b c d Template:HDS
- ↑ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:In lang accessed 27 August 2014
- ↑ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 4 April 2011
- ↑ Flags of the World.com accessed 23 December 2014
- ↑ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office Template:Webarchive accessed 23 December 2014
- ↑ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 2 February 2011
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Gemeinde Template:Webarchive accessed 7 October 2014
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Haushaltsgrösse Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 8 May 2013
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 28 January 2011
- ↑ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Anteil Einfamilienhäuser am gesamten Gebäudebestand, 2012 accessed 5 August 2014
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 29 January 2011
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Gemeinde und Haushaltsgrösse Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 12 August 2013
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 28 January 2011
- ↑ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Template:In lang accessed 24 June 2010
- ↑ Federal Tax Administration (ESTV) - Steuerbelastung in den Gemeinden 2013 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 4 November 2014. Does not include Federal Taxes.
- ↑ Federal Tax Administration Report Direkte Bundessteuer - Natürliche Personen - Gemeinden - Steuerjahr 2011 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 4 November 2014
- ↑ Statistischer Atlas der Schweiz - Bezüger/-innen von Sozialhilfeleistungen (Sozialhilfeempfänger/-innen), 2011 accessed 18 June 2013
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Template:Webarchive Template:In lang accessed 8 May 2012
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Datei der Gemeinde- und Schultabellen Template:WebarchiveTemplate:In lang accessed 23 July 2014
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External links
Template:Municipalities of the administrative district of Oberaargau Template:Authority control