Fanjingshan

The Fanjingshan (Template:Zh) or Mount Fanjing, located in Tongren, Guizhou province, is the highest peak of the Wuling Mountains in southeastern China, at an elevation of . The Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve was established in 1978 and designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1986. Fanjingshan is a sacred mountain in Chinese Buddhism, considered to be the bodhimaṇḍa of the Maitreya Buddha. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018.

Name

The mountain's name "Fanjing" is an abbreviation of Fantian Jingtu (), or "Brahma's Pure Land". Fantian is the Chinese name for the Buddhist heavenly king Brahmā, and Jingtu is Chinese for "pure land", the focus of Pure Land Buddhism.

Location and environment

Fanjingshan is located in Tongren, Guizhou Province in southeastern China. It is the highest peak of the Wuling Mountains. The elevation of its terrain ranges from above sea level.

The Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve was established in 1978 and designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1986. The reserve covers a total area of and is a conservation area for primitive vegetation of the mid sub-tropic alpine region of eastern China. The mountain was designated a World Heritage Site in July 2018.

Fanjingshan's relative isolation has ensured a high degree of biodiversity. Endemic species such as the rare Guizhou golden monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) and the Fanjingshan fir (Abies fanjingshanensis) occur only in a small region centering on Fanjingshan. Several endangered species, including the Chinese giant salamander, forest musk deer, and Reeve's pheasant are also found in Fanjingshan. It is also home to the largest and most contiguous subtropical primeval beech forest.

Gallery

• Fanjingshan
  Fanjingshan
• The Mushroom Rock
  The Mushroom Rock
• Stone Steps
  Stone Steps
• Jinding
  Jinding

Buddhism

Fanjingshan is considered a sacred mountain of Chinese Buddhism, ranking just below the Four Sacred Mountains of Buddhism. It is considered the bodhimaṇḍa (or daochang)—a spot in which one reached enlightenment—of the Maitreya Buddha. The influence of Buddhism reached Fanjingshan by the Tang dynasty at the latest, especially after Hou Hongren () constructed the Zangke Road () in 639 AD, which facilitated transport in the mountainous region, and local gazettes record the construction of several temples in the area. More temples were built during the ensuing Song and Yuan dynasties.

Buddhism greatly prospered during the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the cult of Tianguan Maitreya () became dominant in Fanjingshan. The Bozhou rebellion in the late 16th century caused great damages to Fanjingshan's temples. After suppressing the rebellion, the Wanli Emperor ordered the monk Miaoxuan () to rebuild the Golden Peak and the Cheng'en Temple (). Many other temples were constructed in the area, ushering in the golden era for Buddhism in Fanjingshan. Most temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties belonged to the Pure Land and the Linji sects of Buddhism.

In the turmoil that toppled the Qing dynasty, many temples were destroyed by marauding armies and bandits, and few monks remained in the Republic of China era. After further destructions during the Cultural Revolution, Buddhism has enjoyed a renaissance since the 1980s. Many old temples have been rebuilt and new ones constructed, including the Cheng'en Temple, Huguo Chan Temple (), Great Golden Buddha Temple (), and Longquan Temple ().

In 2010, the Fanjingshan Buddhist Cultural Park was opened, with a Golden Hall that houses a statue of the Maitreya Buddha made with Template:Cvt of gold and thousands of gems. It is said to be the largest gold Maitreya statue in the world.

• Buddhist temple on Red Clouds Golden Summit
  Buddhist temple on Red Clouds Golden Summit
• Cheng'en Temple from Mount Fanjing
  Cheng'en Temple from Mount Fanjing
• Dharma Hall, Cheng'en Temple
  Dharma Hall, Cheng'en Temple

Recognition

Asteroid 215021 Fanjingshan, discovered by astronomers of the PMO NEO Survey Program in 2005, was named after the World Heritage Site. The official Template:MoMP was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 November 2019 (M.P.C. 118221).

A genus (Fanjingshania) of fossil chondrichthyan discovered in Guizhou Province was named after Fanjingshan mountain.