Eydon
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Eydon is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, about Script error: No such module "convert". north-east of Banbury. The village is between 510 and Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level on the east side of a hill, which rises to Script error: No such module "convert". and is the highest point in the parish. The parish is bounded to the west by the River Cherwell, to the south by a stream that is one of its tributaries, and to the east and north by field boundaries.
The villages name means 'Aega's hill'.[1]
The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 422.[2]
Manor
In the 11th and 12th centuries the manor of Eydon was assessed at two hides.[3][4] The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that one Hugh held "Egedone" of Hugh de Grandmesnil.[3] In the 12th century Richard Fitz Wale held "Aydona" of the fee of Leicester.[4]
Eydon Hall
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Eydon Hall is a stately home that was built in 1789–91.[5] It is a Grade I listed building.[6]
Parish church
The oldest part of the Church of England parish church of Saint Nicholas is the Norman baptismal font.[5][7] A north aisle of two bays was added to the nave early in the 13th century.[5] The west tower was added early in the 14th century.[5] The north windows and (now blocked) doorway of the north aisle and the south windows of the chancel are 14th century Decorated Gothic.[7] The west window of the north aisle is late medieval, being late Perpendicular Gothic.[7]
In 1864–5 the church was restored under the direction of the Gothic Revival architect R.C. Hussey.[5] Hussey added a south aisle, extended the north aisle eastwards to four bays, added a northeast vestry, and moved to the vestry a recumbent effigy of a lady that dates from about 1340.[5] The church's other notable monument is a wall-mounted tablet in grey and white marble to Rev. Francis Annesley, who died in 1811.[7] It was carved by John Bacon the younger and it is now in the south aisle.[7] In the windows of the north aisle are some stained glass heraldic shields made in about 1830.[7]
The west tower has a ring of six bells. One of the Newcombe family of bellfounders of Leicester[8] cast the fifth bell in 1603.[9] Matthew III Bagley of Chacombe[8] cast the second bell in 1770.[9] John Briant of Hertford[8] cast the third bell in 1822.[9] John Taylor & Co of Loughborough cast the tenor bell in 1872 and the treble and fourth bells in 1981.[9]
St Nicholas' is a Grade II* listed building.[7] The parish is part of the Benefice of Aston le Walls, Byfield, Boddington, Eydon and Woodford Halse.[10]
Economic history
The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that Eydon had "a mill".[3] In medieval usage this usually meant a watermill.
The village has an unusual layout of two streets in parallel (High Street and Lime Avenue).[11] Lime Avenue now has gaps and fields between some houses on its west side, but earthworks suggest that in earlier centuries cottages were continuous on both sides.[11]
Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Traces of traditional ridge and furrow ploughing survive in much of the parish, many in the S-shaped pattern characteristic of ox-drawn ploughs.[11] They are evidence of the open field system of farming that prevailed in the parish until 1760, when Parliament passed the <templatestyles src="Template:Visible anchor/styles.css" />Eydon Inclosure Act 1760 (1 Geo. 3. c. 10 Pr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".).[11]
Northwest of the village, west of Woodford Road and Manitoba Way, are Script error: No such module "convert". of shallow hollows and mounds.[11] They are the remains of small pits and spoil heaps created by the quarrying of Northampton Sand, an iron-rich sandstone, probably in the Middle Ages.[11]
In 1872 the Northampton and Banbury Junction Railway (from 1910 part of the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway (SMJR)) was opened between Template:Rws and Template:Rws. It passed through the east of Eydon parish about Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of the village. Its nearest stations were at Template:Rws and Template:Rws, each of which was about Script error: No such module "convert". away.
In the 1899 the Great Central Main Line to Template:Rws was built through the same part of Eydon parish, passing about Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of the village. Its nearest station was at Woodford and Hinton (later renamed Template:Rws), about Script error: No such module "convert". north of Eydon. British Railways closed the SMJR line in 1951, Woodford Halse station in 1963 and the GC main line in 1966.
Amenities
Eydon has a 17th-century[12] public house, the Royal Oak.[13]
References
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Bibliography
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