Exclosure

File:Ruba Dirho.jpg

Ruba Dirho exclosure in Tigray

File:Bee exclosure.jpg

An insect exclosure used to investigate pollination. A specific bee species is inserted into the exclosure with no other pollinators present.

An exclosure, in an area being used extensively for grazing, is a limited area from which unwanted browsing animals, such as domestic cattle or wildlife such as deer, are excluded by fencing or other means.

Environmental protection

Most commonly, exclosures are areas that are set aside for regreening. Wood harvesting and livestock range are not allowed there.

Effects on environment

The establishment of an exclosure has positive effects on:

• biodiversity
• water infiltration
• protection from flooding
• sediment deposition
• carbon sequestration

Economic benefits

In developing countries, people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other non-timber forest products. The local inhabitants also consider it as “land set aside for future generations”.

Carbon credits

Exclosures have as an additional benefit that the surrounding communities may receive carbon credits for the sequestered CO₂, as part of a carbon offset programme. In the Tigray Region, in Ethiopia, several exclosures are managed by the EthioTrees project. The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for incense.

Range management

Exclosures are sometimes constructed by government agencies that manage livestock use on public lands—a practice in which private owners of cattle pay, though often only a nominal sum, for the right to graze their livestock on the public lands.Template:Fact

File:Exclusion plot on Island Saddle.jpg

An exclusion plot on Island Saddle in the South Island of New Zealand. Introduced browsing mammals often have a detrimental effect on New Zealand's native vegetation.

Experimental sites

One purpose of the exclosure is to determine how the area would develop (in biodiversity, vegetation height, ecological characteristics, etc.) if grazing were not conducted.Template:Fact

Protection of humans

Another purpose is to demarcate an area safe for humans by excluding potentially deadly animals. For example, a beach may have a shark net around it to prevent sharks from attacking human swimmers. Another example is at wild animal preserves which provide fenced in areas for humans to safely watch lions, tigers, or other large predators.Template:Fact

See also

• Predator proof fence

External links

• The Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment - An exclosure experiment in Africa with both livestock and wildlife.
• Burnt Creek Exclosure - photos of a Bureau of Land Management exclosure in the Pahsimeroi River Valley of Idaho