Eurycea longicauda
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Speciesbox
Eurycea longicauda, commonly known as the long-tailed salamander[1] or longtail salamander,[2] is a species of lungless salamander native to the Appalachian Region of the eastern United States. It is a "cave salamander" that frequents twilight zones of caves and also inhabits springs and surrounding forest.[2]
Subspecies
There are two[3][4] or three subspecies:[5]
- E. l. longicauda (Green, 1818) (long-tailed salamander, eastern long-tailed salamander)
- E. l. melanopleura (Cope, 1894 "1893") (dark-sided salamander, black-sided salamander, Cope's cave salamander)
- E. l. pernix Mittleman, 1942 (Midland long-tailed salamander)
Eurycea guttolineata has earlier been treated as a subspecies of Eurycea longicauda (that is, as E. l. guttolineata), but is now considered a full species.[6]
Description
Body color varies from yellow to orange-red to red with random black spots.[2] E. l. longicauda measure on average Script error: No such module "convert". snout–vent length (SVL) and have Script error: No such module "convert". long tail.[7]
Reproduction
E. l. melanopleura reproduces in November to February. The eggs measure Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter. The larvae hatch in January–March at about Script error: No such module "convert". snout–vent length (SVL). They metamorphose seven months later at Script error: No such module "convert". SVL. Males become sexually mature between Script error: No such module "convert". SVL and females Script error: No such module "convert". SVL. The largest males and females are Script error: No such module "convert". SVL.[8]
Habitat and conservation
Eurycea longicauda inhabit streamsides, spring runs, ponds, cave mouths, and abandoned mines. With wet weather, they may venture into wooded terrestrial habitats. They hide in rock crevices or under rocks, logs, etc. Eggs are laid in underground crevices associated with aquatic environments, but in caves they may also be attached to objects in or above water.[3]
The overall population size of this species is large (probably more than 100,000). Some local populations may have been impacted by strip mining and acid drainage from coal mining, but there are no major threats overall. Its range overlaps with several protected areas.[3]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
<ref> tag with name "Green 1818" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".