European route E39
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Infobox road/errors".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[[Category:Infobox road instances Template:Infobox road/meta/mask/category]]
European route E39 is the designation of a Script error: No such module "convert". north–south road in Norway and Denmark from Klett, just south of Trondheim, to Aalborg via Bergen, Stavanger and Kristiansand. In total, there are nine ferries, more than any other single road in Europe.
In Trondheim, there are connections to E6 and E14; in Ålesund, to E136, in Bergen to E16, in Haugesund, to E134, in Kristiansand to E18, and in Aalborg to E45.
Norwegian part
.svg){kind=link}
In Norway, the E39 is part of the Norwegian national road system, and is as such developed and maintained by the public roads administration.[1] The E39 is mostly a two-lane undivided road, and only relatively short sections near Stavanger, Trondheim and Bergen are motorways or semi-motorways.
Trøndelag county
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Oslo and Trondheim
- File:NO road sign 406.svg Script error: No such module "Jct". Klett junction
- File:NO road sign 503.svg Semi-motorway Øysand-Thamshavn/Orkanger (22 km)
- File:Tunnel.png Brekk Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Mannsfjell Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Viggja Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". Skaun
- File:Tunnel.png Storsand Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:NO road sign 406.svg Script error: No such module "Jct". Orkanger towards Surnadal Municipality
- Script error: No such module "Jct". Gagnåsvatnet towards Hitra Municipality and Frøya Municipality
- Script error: No such module "Jct". Vinjeøra towards Kyrksæterøra
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Valsøy Bridge (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". Betna towards Surnadal Municipality
- File:Ferry icon.png Ferry from Halsa to Kanestraum in Tingvoll (20 minutes, fee)
Møre og Romsdal county
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Oppdal Municipality
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Bergsøysund Bridge (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Kristiansund Municipality
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Gjemnessund Bridge (Script error: No such module "convert". length, Script error: No such module "convert". span)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Sunndalsøra
- File:NO road sign 503.svg Semi-motorway Hjelset - Lønset (9 km)
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Hjelset toll station
- File:NO road sign 406.svgFile:Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg ←Molde Airport, Årø Script error: No such module "Jct". →Eide, Elnesvågen
- File:NO road sign 406.svg Script error: No such module "Jct".→ Fannefjordstunnelen direction Åndalsnes
- File:Ferry icon.png Ferry from Molde to Vestnes (35 minutes, 2 departures per hour, fee)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Skorgenes, jointly with E39 until Spjelkavik
- Script error: No such module "Jct". Sjøholt → Linge ferry dock and Geiranger
- File:NO road sign 406.svgScript error: No such module "Jct". at Spjelkavika, jointly with E39 from Skorgenes at Tresfjord
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Hareid Municipality
- File:Ferry icon.png Ferry from Solavågen to Festøya in Ørsta (20 minutes, 2 departures per hour, fee)
- File:NO road sign 406.svg Script error: No such module "Jct". Ørsta
- File:NO road sign 406.svg Script error: No such module "Jct". Furene → File:Tunnel.png Eiksund tunnel
- Script error: No such module "Jct". to File:Ferry icon.png Volda-Folkestad
- File:Tunnel.png Rotsethorn Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Hjartåberg Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Fyrdsberg Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Eidsnakk Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Kviven Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". to Hellesylt and Stranda Municipality
Vestland county
- File:Tunnel.png Kongenestunnelen (1120 m) and Breisvortunnelen (1380 m)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Leivdøla bridge, jointly with E39 until Nordfjordeid
- Script error: No such module "Jct". to File:Ferry icon.png Folkestad-Volda
- File:NO road sign 406.svg Script error: No such module "Jct". at Nordfjordeid to Måløy
- File:Tunnel.png Lotetunnelen Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:Ferry icon.png Ferry from Lote to Anda (10 min, 1–2 departures per hour, fee)
- File:Tunnel.png Kleberget tunnel Script error: No such module "convert". under the File:Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg Sandane Airport runway
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Sandane
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Byrkjelo
- Script error: No such module "Jct". jointly with E39 from Skei to Førde
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Moskog to Balestrand over File:NO road sign 723.31.svgGaularfjellet
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Toll into Førde
- File:NO road sign 406.svg to Førde hospital
- File:NO road sign 406.svgScript error: No such module "Jct". Førde
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Toll into Førde
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Espeland to File:Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg Førde airport
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Sande to Dale and Askvoll westbound or to File:NO road sign 723.31.svgGaularfjellet eastbound
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Vadheim
- File:Tunnel.png Bogstunnelen Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:Tunnel.png Noreviktunnelen Script error: No such module "convert".
- Lavik
- File:Ferry icon.png ferry from Lavik to Ytre Oppedal (20 min, 1–2 departures per hour, fee)
- Ytre Oppedal
- File:Tunnel.png Skrikebergtunnelen Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:Tunnel.png Jernfjelltunnelen Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:Tunnel.png Matreberg Tunnel Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:Tunnel.png Masfjord Tunnel Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:Tunnel.png Eikefet Tunnel Script error: No such module "convert".
- File:NO road sign 765.svg 3 toll stations at Mundalsberget, Flatøy and Åsane
- File:Tunnel.png Mundalsberg Tunnel Script error: No such module "convert".
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Knarvik
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Hagelsund Bridge Script error: No such module "convert".
- Script error: No such module "Jct". to Flatøy and Holsnøy
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Nordhordland Bridge (Nordhordlandsbrua) Script error: No such module "convert".
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Nyborg towards Oslo
- File:NO road sign 502.svg Motorway Vågsbotn – Eidsvåg (5 km)
- File:Tunnel.png Fløyfjellstunnelen (two parallel tunnels, 3195 and 3825 m each)
- Bergen
- Script error: No such module "Jct". in Bergen towards midtown, and Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Øygarden Municipality
- File:NO road sign 765.svg 3 Toll stations at Sandviken, Nygårdsbroen and Fjøsangerveien
- File:NO road sign 503.svg Semi-motorway Fjøsanger - Hop (2 km)
- File:NO road sign 502.svg Hop (14 km)
- File:Tunnel.png Råtunnelen (two parallel tunnels, 2160 m each)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". to File:Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg Bergen Airport, Flesland
- File:Tunnel.png Lyshorntunnelen (two parallel tunnels, Script error: No such module "convert". each)
- File:Tunnel.png Skogafjellstunnelen (two parallel tunnels, 1510 m each)
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Toll station at Endelausmarka
- File:NO road sign 504.svg Svegatjørn
- File:Ferry icon.png Ferry from Halhjem to Sandvikvåg (40 min, 3 departures per hour, fee)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". to Fitjar
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Stordabrua/Stord Bridge (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Bømlafjordtunnelen/Bømlafjord Tunnel (Script error: No such module "convert".; Script error: No such module "convert". below sea level)
Rogaland county
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Liland toll station
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Aksdal, towards Haugesund and Drammen
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Ognasund Bridge (Ognasundbrua) (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Ferry icon.png Ferry from Arsvågen to Mortavika (25 min, 3 departures per hour, fee)
- File:Tunnel.png Mastrafjordtunnelen (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Byfjordtunnelen (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Randabergveien toll station
- File:NO road sign 502.svg Motorway Tasta-Hove (19 km)
- File:Tunnel.png Eiganes Tunnel (two parallel tunnels, Script error: No such module "convert". each)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Røldal using the Ryfylke Tunnel (14,500 m)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards File:Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg Stavanger Airport, Sola
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Refsnesveien toll station
- File:NO road sign 765.svg Stokkamyra toll station
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Bryne
- Script error: No such module "Jct". towards Tonstad
Agder County
- File:Tunnel.png Austadtunnelen (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Flekkefjord towards Sokndal Municipality
- File:Tunnel.png Fedaheitunnelen (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Fedafjorden Bridge (Script error: No such module "convert". length, Script error: No such module "convert". span)
- File:Tunnel.png Teistedalstunnelen (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:Tunnel.png Vatlandtunnelen (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:NO road sign 502.svg Motorway Mandal junction – Grautheller junction (24 km)
- File:NO road sign 765.svg 2 toll stations at Skoieveien and Holbekstjønn
- File:AB-Brücke.svg Trysfjord Bridge (Script error: No such module "convert".)
- File:NO road sign 765.svg 3 toll stations at Lohnelier, Storemyr and Vesterveien
- File:Tunnel.png Søgnetunnelen (two parallel tunnels, Script error: No such module "convert". each)
- Script error: No such module "Jct". at Kristiansand towards Oslo
- Script error: No such module "Jct". File:Ferry icon.png towards Hirtshals, Denmark (2–3 hours, 2–5 departures/day, fee)
Domestic ferries
The E39 ferries are operated by Fjord1 except the Volda-Folkestad and Festøya-Solavågen ferry, which are operated by Norled.
Domestic car ferries on the E39 are regarded as an integral part of national highways. Ferries operate according to a published timetable and standard prices for vehicles and passengers.[1] [2] The E39 includes the following ferry routes from North to South (approximate crossing time in minutes):[2][3]
- Halsa–Kanestraum 20 min.
- Molde–Vestnes 35 min.
- Solavågen–Festøya 20 min.
- Anda–Lote 10 min.
- Lavik–Oppedal 20 min.
- Halhjem–Sandvikvåg 45 min.
- Arsvågen–Mortavika 25 min.
The Norwegian government plans to replace all the ferries on E39 in Norway with bridges and tunnels.[4] This involves some of the longest proposed bridge spans.
History
In 1786, a royal decision was made to establish a postal route between Bergen and Trondheim. From the establishment of mail in Norway in 1647 until then, all mail between those cities went over to Oslo. To begin with, the route was for large parts usable for walking and horse riding only, but in the following decades it was rebuilt to allow horse carriages. Several parts required boat. The route was Bergen–Åsane–Hordvik–(boat over Salhusfjorden)–Isdal–Hundvin–Gulen–Rutledal–(boat over Sognefjorden)–Leirvik (Hyllestad)–Flekke–Dale–Bygstad–Førde–Jølster–Gloppen-(boat over Nordfjord)–Faleide (Stryn)–Hornindal–Hellesylt–Stranda–(boat along Storfjorden)–Sjøholt–Vestnes-(boat over Romsdalsfjorden)–Molde–Angvik–(boat over Tingvollfjorden)–Tingvoll–(boat over Halsafjord)–Stangvik–Skei–Rindal–Orkanger–Trondheim. The 1786 decision also included a mail route between Stavanger and Bergen. In 1858, mail was rerouted to newly established steam ships Bergen–Vadheim, and the mail route changed to Vadheim–Sande–Førde, in parts precisely along today's route.[5]
Since 1990, a number of long bridges and tunnels have replaced four of the ferries. The bridges and tunnels are:
- Nordhordland Bridge (1994)
- Gjemnessund Bridge and Bergsøysund Bridge (1992)
- Stord Bridge and Bømlafjord Tunnel (2000)
- Kviven Tunnel and further tunnels (2012)
Other large road projects include:
- Klett–Orkanger (2005)
- Orkanger–Høgkjølen (2015)
- Lote Tunnel (1966)
- Bogs Tunnel (2004) and the adjacent Norevik Tunnel (2012)
- Masfjord Tunnel and adjacent tunnels (1986–1995)
- Eikefet Tunnel (1980)
- Fløyfjell Tunnel (1989), motorway
- Lyshorn Tunnel (2022), motorway
- Mastrafjord Tunnel and Byfjord Tunnel (1992)
- Eiganes Tunnel, part of the Ryfylke Tunnel project for road 13 (2019)
- Søgne Tunnel (2022), motorway
The route Trondheim–Ålesund–Bergen–Stavanger–Kristiansand was named E39 in 2000. Kristiansund–Stavanger was earlier riksveg 1 (national highway 1, "coastal through-road") from 1992 and riksveg 14 before 1992. Stavanger–Kristiansand was part of E18, and Trondheim – Kristiansund was riksveg 65 and riksveg 71.
Future
- Rogfast, which will be the world's deepest and longest underwater road tunnel at Script error: No such module "convert". long and Script error: No such module "convert". deep, was started (first blasting) in 2018 and is expected to be opened in 2033.[6]
- The entire route from Stavanger to Kristiansand is planned to be rebuilt into four-lane motorway before 2035, in total Script error: No such module "convert". remaining (as of 2021) to be built.
- There are plans to replace every ferry link with a fixed connection. There are seven, but each presents a costly technical challenge as the fjords are wide and very deep, and have met public resistance.[7]
Apart from Rogfast, two projects have a time plan, although delayed:- Hordfast (south of Bergen) is prioritised because of having the highest number of ferry ships, five in operation, and second-most vehicle traffic after Rogfast, despite being probably the most technically challenging of all these crossings. A five-kilometre-long floating bridge over Bjørnafjorden is planned, a new world record, in a stormy area, with clearing for ship traffic below. And a suspension bridge over Langenuen with a Script error: No such module "convert". span, one of the longest in the world. The total cost for Hordfast is estimated to 37 billion NOK ($US Template:To USD billion) in part paid by road tolls of around 400 NOK. Regulatory standards will be completed in 2023, and it is estimated to be completed in the 2030s.[8]
- A crossing of Romsdalsfjorden (Ålesund–Molde), having a Script error: No such module "convert". undersea tunnel and a 2000-meter-long suspension bridge with Script error: No such module "convert". span. Construction start is planned for around 2030.
- The remaining four fjord crossings are more unsure, but are being investigated.
- Sognefjorden: a 4 km long floating bridge is considered.
- Nordfjorden: a 1.8 km long suspension bridge with a 1.5 km span is considered.
- Sulafjorden and Vartdalsfjorden: a 4 km long floating bridge plus a 2 km long suspension bridge is considered.
- Halsafjorden: a 3 km long floating bridge is considered.
Norway–Denmark ferry
An international car ferry is operated by Color Line[9] and by Fjord Line (seasonally).[10]
- Kristiansand – Hirtshals 3 hours 15 minutes
Danish part
_ubt.JPG){kind=link}
From Norway, E39 goes with ferry from Kristiansand to Hirtshals, in northern Denmark. Ferries are run by Color Line and Fjord Line. The motorway goes from the south of Hirtshals to the north of Aalborg. The exits are:
- File:Denmark road sign D12.svg Aabyen
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 2 Hjørring N
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 3 Hjørring C
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 4 Hjørring S
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 5 Vrå
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 6 Brønderslev C
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 7 Brønderslev S
- File:Zeichen 314 - Parkplatz, StVO 2013.svg|File:Zeichen 361-50.svg Store Vildmose
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 8 Tylstrup
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 9 Vestbjerg
- File:AB-AS-grün.svg 10 Høvejen → Aalborg Airport
- File:AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Script error: No such module "Jct". Aalborg, Aarhus
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ National Public Roads Administration of Norway, website
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Can Norway win the global race to build a 'floating tunnel'? CNN 29 January 2019
- ↑ 3D-animation the Sognefjord
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Color Line
- ↑ Fjord Line
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
Script error: No such module "Side box". Template:Wikivoyage
Script error: No such module "Navbox".