Eupithecia

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Eupithecia is the largest genus of moths of the family Geometridae,[1] and the namesake and type genus of tribe Eupitheciini. Species in the genus are, like those of other genera in the tribe, commonly known as pugs.[2] The genus is highly speciose, with over 1400 species, and members of the genus are present in most of the world with exception of Australasia.[1] Roughly a quarter of described Eupithecia species occur in the Neotropical realm, where they have an especially high species diversity in the montane rain forests of the Andes.[3] The genus includes a few agricultural pest species, such as the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, which is a pest on hops,[4] and the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria, which is a cone pest in spruce seed orchards.[5]

Adult specimens of Eupithecia are typically small, often between 12 and 35 mm, with muted colours, and display a large amount of uniformity between species.[1] As a result, identification of a specimen as part of genus Eupithecia is generally easy, but identifying the exact species is difficult and often reliant on examination of the dissected genitals.[1] Most species share a characteristic resting pose in which the forewings are held flat at a right angle to the body—that is, the costal margins of both forewings form a more-or-less horizontal line—while the hindwings are largely covered by the forewings.[6] They are generally nocturnal.[1]

File:Pug Moths Genus (Eupithecia) caterpillar.jpg
Pug moth caterpillar Eupithecia sp.

Of the species where the larval behaviour is known, most feed from the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage.[1] Many species have a very specific food plant. The larvae of all but one[7] of the endemic species of Eupithecia from Hawaii are ambush predators of a wide variety of insects and spiders.[8] These ambush predators have raptorial legs, with which they grab prey that comes into contact with their hind end.[8]

Species

This is a list of all described species. Template:Compact TOC

File:Eupith miser.JPG
Common pug, Eupithecia miserulata, feeding on Rudbeckia serotina
File:Eupithecia pupa.jpg
Eupithecia , pupa

A

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B

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C

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[15]

D

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E

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F

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G

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H

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I

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J-K

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L

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M

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N

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O

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P

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Q-R

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S

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T

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U-V

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W-Z

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Species of unknown status

  • Eupithecia lavicaria Fuchs, 1902 (syn: Eupithecia lavicata Prout, 1914), described from Norway.
  • Eupithecia minutana Treitschke
  • Eupithecia robusta Dietze, 1910

References

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Other sources

  • Chinery, Michael (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe (Reprinted 1991).
  • Skinner, Bernard (1984). Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.

External links

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mironov-Galsworthy-2013
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Plant-2014
  3. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Vargas-2021
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Campbell-2007
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Wang-2014
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BugGuide
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hembry-2021
  8. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Montgomery-1983
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mironov-2013
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mironov-Šumpich-2022a
  11. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mironov-Galsworthy-2014
  12. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Enkhtur-2020
  13. ↑ a b c d e f Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mironov-Šumpich-2022b
  14. ↑ a b c d e f Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mironov-Šumpich-2022c
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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