Eumeralla Formation

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The Eumeralla Formation is a geological formation in Victoria, Australia whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. It is Aptian to Albian in age. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, particularly from the Dinosaur Cove locality.[1]

Geology

The Eumeralla Formation was deposited within the Otway Basin, which at the time of deposition was part of an extensional rift valley system formed between Australia and Antarctica. The lithology primarily consists of fluvially deposited siliciclastics derived from volcanic material. The strata of the Eumeralla Formation are folded as a result of northwest–southeast crustal compression during the Neogene, which also reactivated some Cretaceous aged normal faults.[2] It is one of three major fossiliferous deposits in Victoria dating to the Early Cretaceous, including the older Wonthaggi Formation and the Koonwarra fossil bed (which some authors have considered part of the Eumeralla Formation).[3]

Paleobiota

Invertebrate traces named as Skolithos sp. and Arenicolites sp.,[4] as well as indeterminate ornithischian tracks are present in Victoria, Australia.[1] Indeterminate ornithopod remains are present at Eric the Red West locality and Elliot River, including material that possibly belongs to a new taxon.[5] Indeterminate theropod and possible indeterminate dromaeosaurid remains are present in Victoria, Australia.[1] An indeterminate unenlagiine is known from the formation.[6][7]

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ornithischians of the Eumeralla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ankylosauria[8] Indeterminate Dinosaur Cove Dorsal vertebra

Atlascopcosaurus[1]

A. loadsi[1]

  • Dinosaur Cove
  • Eric the Red West locality[5]

"Maxilla [and] teeth."[9]

Elasmarian ornithopod
File:Atlascopcosaurus loadsi.JPG

Diluvicursor[2]

D. pickeringi[2] Eric the Red West locality Partial postcranial skeleton.[2] Elasmarian ornithopod
File:Diluvicursor life restoration.png
cf.Galleonosaurus G. dorisae[5] Eric the Red West locality Maxillae Elasmarian ornithopod
Leaellynasaura[1] L. amicagraphica[1]
  • Dinosaur Cove
  • Eric the Red West locality[5]
 Skull fragments, teeth, maxillae. Postcranial remains associated with the taxon cannot be confidently referred to it Elasmarian ornithopod
File:Leaellynasaura BW.jpg

Theropods

Dinosaurs of the Eumeralla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
cf. Australovenator[10] cf. A. wintonensis Eric the Red West locality "two teeth, two manual unguals, and a right astragalus" Megaraptoran theropod
File:Australovenator reconstruction.jpg

Aves[11]

Indeterminate Footprints belonging to a crane-sized bird, determined to be an ornithurine or enantiornithe. Possibly from a species also found at the Wonthaggi Formation (single furcula).
Carcharodontosauria[12] Indeterminate "Isolated, distal end of a right tibia" First probable record of carcharodontosaurian theropod in Australia
Elaphrosaurinae[13] Indeterminate Eric the Red West locality Single cervical vertebra

Megaraptora[14][15]

Indeterminate Dinosaur Cove

Known from a left ulna.

Probably a megaraptorid. Previously referred to Megaraptor.[16]
Megaraptoridae[10]

Indeterminate

Eric the Red West locality Known from a single cervical vertebra. Previously thought to be a Baryonyx-related spinosaurid.[17]
File:Australian Spinosaurid.png
Timimus[1] T. hermani[1] Dinosaur Cove Femur Possible tyrannosauroid theropod
Unenlagiinae[18] Indeterminate Proximal portion of right femur Probable record of unenlagiine theropod in Australia

Fish

Fish of the Eumeralla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ceratodus C. nargun A lungfish
File:Ceratodus.jpg
Ceratodus

Mammals

Mammals of the Eumeralla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Kryoryctes K. cadburyi Dinosaur Cove A monotreme
Sundrius S. ziegleri A monotreme

Reptiles

Reptiles of the Eumeralla Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Otwayemys O. cunicularius Dinosaur Cove A meiolaniform turtle
Pterosauria Indeterminate Dinosaur Cove
Plesiosauria Indeterminate Dinosaur Cove
Mesoeucrocodylia Indeterminate Dinosaur Cove[19] Distinct from other known Australian crocodilians

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Australasia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 573-574. Template:ISBN.
  2. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Milanesia Beach tracksite at Fossilworks.org
  5. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 394.
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Theropod Fauna from Southern Australia Indicates High Polar Diversity and Climate-Driven Dinosaur Provinciality Roger B. J. Benson, Thomas H. Rich, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Mike Hall 2012
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ AUSTRALIA’S OLDEST AND HIGHEST PALEOLATITUDE CROCODYLOMORPHS FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS EUMERALLA FORMATION (UPPER APTIAN–LOWER ALBIAN) OF DINOSAUR COVE, VICTORIAScript error: No such module "Unsubst". PARAGNANI, Cassia P., Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; POROPAT, Stephen F., Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; VICKERS-RICH, Patricia, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; RICH, Thomas H., Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia SVP conference abstracts 2019

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