Isfahan province

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Isfahan or Esfahan/Espahan province (Template:Langx)Template:Efn is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Isfahan.[1]

The province is in the center of the country in Iran's Region 2,[2] whose secretariat is located in Isfahan.

History

Historians have recorded Espahan, Sepahan or Isfahan initially as a defense and military base. The security and protection of the gradually increasing castles and fortifications, thereby, would provide the protection of residents nearby, therefore leading to the growth of large settlements nearby. These historical castles were Atashgah, Sarooyieh, Tabarok, Kohan Dej, and Gard Dej. The oldest of these is Ghal'eh Sefeed and the grounds at Tamijan from prehistoric times. The historic village of Abyaneh, a nationwide attraction, also has Sasanian ruins and fire temples among other historical relics.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Isfahan province enjoyed high standards of prosperity as it became the capital of Safavid Iran. While the city of Sepahan (Esfahan) was their seat of monarchical, Kashan was their place of vacation and leisure.

Demographics

Language

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A majority of the population speak Persian as first language with a minority of Luri, Turkic, Georgian, Biyabanaki and Armenian speakers.[3]

During the Pahlavi era, a large group of Kurds from the Gulbaghi tribe were moved from the north of Kurdistan province to the city of Isfahan and the cities of Yazd, Kashan, and Nayin. Today, the Gulbaghi tribe are mostly assimilated elements in the population of these cities.[4][5]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 4,499,327 in 1,223,684 households, with a literacy rate of 88.65 percent.[6] The following census in 2011 counted 4,879,312 people in 1,454,162 households.[7] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 5,120,850 in 1,607,482 households.[8]

Administrative divisions

File:Isfahan counties.svg

The population history and structural changes of Isfahan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Isfahan province
Counties 2006[6] 2011[7] 2016[8]
Aran and Bidgol 89,961 97,409 103,517
Ardestan 43,585 41,405 42,105
BorkharTemplate:Efn – 108,933 122,419
Buin MiandashtTemplate:Efn – – 24,163
Chadegan 33,684 33,942 32,479
Dehaqan 34,149 34,844 34,511
Falavarjan 232,019 247,014 249,814
Faridan 81,622 79,743 49,890
Fereydunshahr 38,955 38,334 35,654
Golpayegan 82,601 87,479 90,086
HarandTemplate:Efn – – —
Isfahan 1,963,315 2,174,172 2,243,249
JarqaviehTemplate:Efn – – —
Kashan 297,000 323,371 364,482
Khansar 31,542 32,423 33,049
Khomeynishahr 282,888 311,629 319,727
Khur and BiabanakTemplate:Efn – 17,793 19,761
KuhpayehTemplate:Efn – – —
Lenjan 225,559 246,510 262,912
Meymeh and VazvanTemplate:Efn – – —
Mobarakeh 132,925 143,474 150,441
Nain 54,298 38,077 39,261
Najafabad 279,014 300,288 319,205
Natanz 43,947 42,239 43,977
Semirom 70,735 65,047 74,109
ShahinshahrTemplate:Efn 277,783 196,584 234,667
Shahreza 139,702 149,555 159,797
Tiran and Karvan 64,043 69,047 71,575
VarzanehTemplate:Efn – – —
Total 4,499,327 4,879,312 5,120,850

Cities

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According to the 2016 census, 4,507,430 people (over 88% of the population of Isfahan province) live in the following cities:[8]

City Population
Abrisham 22,429
Abuzeydabad 5,976
Afus 3,696
Alavijeh 8,067
Anarak 1,903
Aran and Bidgol 65,404
Ardestan 15,744
Asgaran 4,858
Asgharabad 6,876
Badrud 14,723
Bafran 1,978
Bagh-e Bahadoran 10,279
Bagh-e Shad 4,356
Baharan Shahr 11,284
Baharestan 79,023
Barf Anbar 5,382
Barzok 4,588
Buin Miandasht 9,889
Chadegan 9,924
Chamgardan 15,574
Chermahin 13,732
Damaneh 4,366
Daran 20,078
Dastgerd 17,775
Dehaq 8,272
Dehaqan 17,945
Dizicheh 18,935
Dorcheh Piaz 47,800
Dowlatabad 40,945
Ezhiyeh 3,156
Falavarjan 37,704
Farrokhi 2,968
Fereydunshahr 13,603
Fuladshahr 88,426
Gaz 24,433
Goldasht 25,235
Golpayegan 58,936
Golshahr 9,904
Golshan 5,437
Gorgab 9,690
Guged 6,012
Habibabad 9,491
Hana 4,922
Harand 7,829
Hasanabad 4,478
Imanshahr 14,633
Isfahan 1,961,260
Jandaq 4,665
Jowsheqan-e Qali 4,181
Jowzdan 6,998
Kamu va Chugan 2,434
Karkevand 7,058
Kahriz Sang 10,442
Kashan 304,487
Kelishad va Sudarjan 25,635
Khaledabad 3,023
Khansar 21,883
Khomeynishahr 247,128
Khur 6,765
Komeshcheh 5,100
Khvorzuq 29,154
Komeh 2,305
Kuhpayeh 5,518
Kushk 13,248
Lay Bid 1,832
Mahabad 3,727
Majlesi 9,363
Manzariyeh 7,164
Meshkat 5,357
Meymeh 5,651
Mobarakeh 69,449
Mohammadabad 5,032
Nain 27,379
Najafabad 235,281
Nasrabad 6,425
Natanz 14,122
Neyasar 2,319
Nikabad 4,364
Nushabad 11,838
Pir Bakran 13,469
Qahderijan 34,226
Qahjavarestan 9,712
Qamsar 3,877
Rezvanshahr 3,606
Rozveh 4,332
Sagzi 5,063
Sedeh Lenjan 19,101
Sefidshahr 5,804
Semirom 26,942
Shahinshahr 173,329
Shapurabad 5,915
Shahreza 134,952
Sin 5,495
Talkhuncheh 9,924
Tarq Rud 1,749
Tiran 21,703
Tudeshk 4,275
Vanak 1,665
Varnamkhast 18,700
Varzaneh 12,714
Vazvan 5,952
Zarrin Shahr 55,817
Zavareh 8,320
Zayandeh Rud 9,463
Zazeran 7,962
Ziar 3,918
Zibashahr 10,200

Geography

The Isfahan province covers an area of approximately 107,018 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the Markazi (Central) Province and the provinces of Qom and Semnan. To its south, it is bordered by the provinces of Fars, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. Aminabad is the most southern city of Isfahan province just 2 km north of the border. To the east, it is bordered by the province of Yazd. To the west, it shares its border with the province of Lurestan and to the southwest lies the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiyari.

The province experiences a moderate and dry climate on the whole, ranging between 40.6 °C (105.08 °F) and 10.6 °C (51 °F) on a cold day in the winter season. The average annual temperature has been recorded as 16.7 °C (62 °F) and the annual rainfall on average has been reported as 116.9 mm. The city of Sepahan (Esfahan) however experiences an excellent climate, with four distinct seasons.

With an elevation of 4,040 metres, the Shahankuh is the highest peak in Isfahan province. This mountain is located about 20 kilometres southwest of the city of Fereydunshahr in the western part of the province.

Isfahan province has 52 rivers, mostly small and temporary, with the exception of the Zāyanderud, which totals 405 km in length a basin area of 27,100 km2.[9]

Biodiversity

Esmaeilius isfahanensis (Farsi: کپوردندان_اصفهان) is a species of Cyprinodontid fish endemic to the Zayandehrud river basin (see genus Esmaeilius). It is known only from three sites across the province.[10][11][12][13] Allium chlorotepalum is an endemic species of Isfahan province, Astragalus vernaculus is also common in the west of the province.[14][15]

Modern economy

Nine tons of saffron are produced by this province by the year.[16]

It is the biggest milk and dairy producer in Iran.[17]

High tech

The state has 18k active fiber optically connected network ports as of mid 2023.[18]

Military

Iranian armed forces and the Islamic Republic military has several locations inside Isfahan province, There is also Esfahan nuclear fuel research and production center nfrpc. Hesa specializes in aerospace and helicopter maintenance and weaponry.[19][20][21]

Tourism

Bridges

Main Isfahan attractions include

  • Shahrestan bridge
  • Khajoo (Khaju) Bridge in Isfahan
  • siosepol or Si-O-Se-Pol bridge
  • Choobi Bridge (Joubi Bridge)[22]

Cuisine

According to the Isfahan atlasScript error: No such module "Unsubst"., well-known local dishes include Template:Interlanguage link, Kachi, Kebab Golpayegan, Samanu Shahreza, Template:Ill Khansar, Yokhe bread (Kaak) and Semirom.[23][24]

Education

As of 2023, fifty thousand foreigners were studying in schools in Isfahan province.[25]

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Public universities

Islamic Azad Universities

Several well-known Islamic Azad University campuses in Iran are located in the province:

File:Some parts of the university campus.jpg
Islamic Azad University of Najafabad has the largest university campus in the Middle East
File:۲۰۲۳۰۸۲۱ ۱۷۰۰۲۲ Esfahan general bureau of education.jpg
Esfahan general bureau of education

Gallery

See also

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Notes

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References

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Bibliography

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Further reading

External links

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  9. ↑ EIr and Xavier de Planhol, "ISFAHAN i. GEOGRAPHY", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012. [1] Template:Webarchive.
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