Pelecyphora
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Pelecyphora, pincushion cactus or foxtail cactus[1] is a genus of cacti, comprising 20 species. They originate from Mexico and the United States.[2][3]
Common species include the Missouri foxtail cactus P. missouriensis,[4] widespread in grassland and forest west of the Mississippi, and the spinystar P. vivipara,[5] distributed across the US and into Canada, first described by Nuttall in 1813.
Description
Pelecyphores are spherical to club-shaped stem succulents up to Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter and gray-green in color. They branch only sparsely and only at an older age. The areoles standing on the longitudinally or transversely flattened warts have thorns in a pectinate (comb-shaped) arrangement. As we age, the thorns, then the areoles and finally the warts fall off. Between the warts, the plant bodies are initially dense and short-haired, so that the apexes are hidden.
The flowers arise individually from short furrows on the upper surfaces of the youngest areoles. They are bright purple and about Script error: No such module "convert". long. The greenish fruits that form after the flowers are fertilized dry out when ripe and release the black seeds into the crown wool, from which they are only washed out (in nature) after a long time.[6]
Taxonomy
Species accepted since November 2023[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". by Plants of the World Online with sections from Nigel Paul Taylor from 1986:[7][8]
| Section | Group | Image | Scientific name | Subspecies | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelecyphora | File:Pelecyphora asseliformis 20070526.jpg | Pelecyphora aselliformis C.Ehrenb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | San Luis Potosi, Mexico | ||
| File:Pelecyphora strobiliformis.jpg | Pelecyphora strobiliformis (Werderm.) Frič & Schelle ex KreutzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas states in Mexico | |||
| Pleurantha N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. chihuahuensis (8754420622).jpg | Pelecyphora chihuahuensis (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
Mexico | |
| File:Escobaria varicolor.jpg | Pelecyphora tuberculosa (Engelm.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | New Mexico, Mexico | |||
| Escobaria Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Sneedii Group | File:Escobaria laredoi.jpg | Pelecyphora laredoi (Glass & R.A.Foster) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Coahuila de Zaragoza - Mexico | |
| File:Escobaria sneedii flower.jpg | Pelecyphora sneedii (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
Mexico (Chihuahua), United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) | ||
| Vivipara Group | File:Coryphantha alversonii.jpg | Pelecyphora alversonii (J.M.Coult.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Arizona, California | ||
| File:Escobaria hesteri 1601.jpg | Pelecyphora hesteri (Y.Wright) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
Texas | ||
| File:2016.06.02 16.21.36 DSC04678 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg | Pelecyphora vivipara (Nutt.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan ), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Sonora), United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming) | |||
| Neobesseya (Britton & Rose) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pelecyphora abdita (Řepka & Vaško) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
Mexico (Coahuila) | ||
| File:Escobaria emskoeterriana (5664136008).jpg | Pelecyphora emskoetteriana (Quehl) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza, Tamaulipas ), United States (Texas) | |||
| Dasyacantha Group | File:Escobaria dasyacantha ssp. chaffeyi SB966.JPG | Pelecyphora dasyacantha (Engelm.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Zacatecas), USA (Texas, New Mexico) | |
| Pelecyphora duncanii (Hester) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | New Mexico, Texas | ||||
| Pelecyphora lloydii (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mexico (Zacatecas) | ||||
| File:Escobaria minima.jpg | Pelecyphora minima (Baird) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Texas | |||
| File:Escobaria robbinsorum 1116.jpg | Pelecyphora robbinsiorum (W.H.Earle) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Arizona | |||
| Missouriensis Group | File:Escobaria cubensis.JPG | Pelecyphora cubensis (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Cuba | ||
| File:CmacromeriViolaceae002 (525527679).jpg | Pelecyphora macromeris (Engelm.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
S. New Mexico to W. Texas and NE. Mexico. | ||
| File:Escobaria missouriensis var. asperispina.jpg | Pelecyphora missouriensis (Sweet) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
|
USA ( Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, New Mexico, North Dakota), Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza, Nuevo Leon) | ||
| Pelecyphora zilziana (Boed.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza) |
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Synonymy
At genus level
At species level
The following are synonyms of species now placed outside of Pelecyphora:
- Pelecyphora aselliformis var. pectinata (= Mammillaria pectinifera)
- Pelecyphora pectinata (= Mammillaria pectinifera)
- Pelecyphora pseudopectinata (= Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus)
- Pelecyphora valdeziana (= Turbinicarpus valdezianus)
- Pelecyphora plumosa (= Turbinicarpus valdezianus)
- Pelecyphora pulcherrima (= Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus)
Psychoactivity
- Pelecyphora aselliformis: Mescaline (Less than 0.00002% in dry weight) Neal et al. 1972
Conservation status
Both P. aselliformis and P. strobiliformis are classified as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, however both species are contained in Appendix 1 of CITES species (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) as at June 2013.
References
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- ↑ "Escobaria Britton & Rose foxtail cactus" PLANTS database, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
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- ↑ "Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) D.R. Hunt - Missouri foxtail cactus" PLANTS database, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
- ↑ "Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxbaum - spinystar" PLANTS database, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
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- Anderson, Edward F. (2001) The Cactus Family Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, pp. 307–314, Template:ISBN