Ersuic languages
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The Ersuic languages (Template:Zh, Ersu; also called Duoxu or Erhsu) are a Qiangic language cluster of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Ersu languages are spoken by about 20,000 people in China as reported by Template:Harvcoltxt.[1] Muya (alternatively Menia or Menya) is reported to be related, but it is not known how it fits in.
Ersuic speakers live in the western part of China's Sichuan province (several counties within the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and the prefecture-level city of Ya'an).[1] Most of them are classified by the Chinese government as members of the Tibetan ethnic group,[2][1] although some also are registered as Han Chinese.[2] Older adults mostly use Ersu, but younger people also use Chinese or Yi.
The Ersu Shaba script of the shābā religious books is a pictographic system of proto-writing. The system, in which the color of the characters has an effect on the meaning, was inspired by Chinese writing and was created in the 11th century.
Languages
There are three Ersuic languages.Template:Sfnp
- Ersu 尔苏 (Eastern Ersu) – 13,000 speakersTemplate:Sfnp
- Lizu 傈苏, 里汝, 吕苏 (Western Ersu) – 4,000 speakers;Template:Sfnp 7,000 speakersTemplate:Sfnp
- Tosu 多续 (Central Ersu) – 3,000 speakers;Template:Sfnp almost none remainingTemplate:Sfnp
Template:Harvcoltxt classifies Ersu languages as follows, with defining innovations given in parentheses.
- Proto-Ersuic
- Tosu
- Ersu (ja- adjective prefix)
- Hanyuan 汉源
- Zeluo 则落 / Qingshui 清水 (*ui- > ri-, *tɕ- > ts-, etc.)
- Lizu (*j- > ɲ-, *Ke > Kɯ, *riu > ri)
- Mianning 冕宁 (alveopalatal split)
- Central (*st- > k-, *HC- > C-)
- Naiqu 乃渠
- Kala 卡拉 (from Template:Harvcoltxt)
- Kala 卡拉 (from Template:Harvcoltxt)
Grammar
Ersu is a subject–object–verb language. It has three tones.
Further reading
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References
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Works cited
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External links
- ELAR archive of Ersu language documentation materials
- List of Proto-Ersuic reconstructions (Wiktionary)
Template:Sino-Tibetan languages Template:Na-Qiangic languages