Elizabeth Granowska

Elizabeth Granowska or Elisabeth Pilecki (Template:Langx; c. Template:Trim – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen of Poland (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (reigning from 1386 to 1434).

Early life and first marriages

Elizabeth was the only child of Template:Ill, Voivode of Sandomierz, and Template:Ill, daughter of Jan of Melsztyn and godmother of King Władysław II Jagiełło.Template:Sfn Elizabeth's uncle Spytek of Melsztyn was an influential figure in Jagiełło's court. When her father died in 1384 or 1385, Elizabeth inherited his vast estates, which included Pilica and Łańcut.Template:Sfn

Her dramatic early life was described by Jan Długosz, but authenticity of that account was doubtful as it is not corroborated by other sources and Długosz did not provide dates.Template:Sfn However Elizabeth's mother wrote in 1390 a document in which she mentions Jenczik's death and thanks God for her daughter's safe return, proving that story about kidnappings and forced marriages was indeed true. According to Długosz, Elizabeth was kidnapped by Wiseł Czambor from Moravia. Possibly Czambor wanted to marry Elizabeth to obtain her riches. She was kidnapped again by Jan (Jeczik) of Jičina from Czambor's house. Czambor then traveled to Kraków where he was murdered by Jan, who later received a permission from Jogaila to marry Elizabeth.Template:Sfn

Around 1397, Elizabeth married Template:Ill, castellan of Nakło and a widower with at least three sons.Template:Sfn The marriage provided a career boost to Granowski. He was sent on diplomatic missions to the Teutonic Knights and Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. In 1409, he became starosta of Greater Poland and in 1410 commanded his own squad in the Battle of Grunwald.Template:Sfn He died suddenly at the end of 1410. It is believed that he was poisoned.Template:Sfn Elizabeth and Granowski had probably two sons and three daughters.

Queen of Poland

In March 1416, Queen Anna of Celje died leaving King Jogaila a widower with one surviving daughter. Polish nobility encouraged Jogaila to remarry both for political reasons and to secure a male heir.Template:Sfn Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas proposed a marriage to his granddaughter Maria Vasilievna, daughter of Vasily I of Moscow. Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, proposed his niece Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg.Template:Sfn Therefore, it came as a surprise when Jogaila decided to marry Elizabeth Granowska, a middle-aged widow with few political connections and scandalous past.Template:Sfn Bishop Template:Ill called her a "pig", while others dismayed over her age.Template:Sfn

In January 1417, Jogaila traveled to Lithuania and stopped in Liuboml to meet with his sister Alexandra, who was accompanied by Elizabeth Granowska. After a few days, Jogaila left Liuboml but not before showering Elizabeth with many expensive gifts.Template:Sfn It was not the first time they met as Elizabeth's family frequented Jogaila's court. In March 1417, on his way back to Poland, Jogaila stopped in Łańcut, Elizabeth's domain. It appears that the marriage decision, perhaps engineered by Alexandra, was made there.Template:Sfn They married on 2 May 1417 in Sanok, but her coronation was postponed until 19 November due to resistance from the Polish nobility. They argued that the real queen was Princess Hedwig Jagiellon or that Elizabeth was a "spiritual sister" of Jogaila as her mother was his godmother. Jogaila obtained a dispensation from the Council of Constance.Template:Sfn

Despite political disapproval, it appears that the marriage was happy.Template:Sfn Elizabeth often accompanied her husband on various trips, but had little political sway.Template:Sfn She fell ill, possibly with tuberculosis, in early 1419 and had trouble keeping up with her husband's travels.Template:Sfn She died in May 1420 and was buried in the Wawel Cathedral. However, her body was later moved to make way for Stephen Báthory and the subsequent burial place is not known.Template:Sfn

Issue

Elizabeth had at least five children with Wincenty Granowski:

• Jadwiga, wife Jan of Leksandrowic
• Otton
• Elizabeth, wife of Bolko V, Duke of Opole
• Template:Ill, castellan of Kraków, progenitor of the family
• Ofka, wife of Jan of Jičina, son of Jan (Jańczyk) of Jičina

References

Notes

Bibliography