Echetus
Template:Short description Echetus (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx) is a mythical king and son of Euchenor (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Phlogea (Script error: No such module "Lang".) mentioned in Homer's Odyssey. The epic describes him as a frightening and cruel king from the "mainland" (Script error: No such module "Lang".), or "dark mainland" (Script error: No such module "Lang".), seen through the perspective of Homer's Ithaca. Some scholars, such as Richard Hodges and Anna Lefteratou, refer to Echetus as a "king of Epirus".
Mythology
He is mentioned in book 18 of Homer's Odyssey, as well as in book 21 in which he is described as the "destroyer of all mortals" by Antinous (one of the suitors).
In book 18, the beggar Irus was threatened with being handed over to Echetus, who would then have had Irus's nose, ears and testes cut off and thrown to his dogs. The story also described how Echetus had a daughter, Metope, who had an intrigue with a lover; as a punishment Echetus mutilated the lover and blinded Metope by piercing her eyes with bronze needles. He then incarcerated her in a tower and gave her grains of bronze, promising that she would regain her sight when she had ground these grains into flour.[1][2]
Eustathius and the scholia on this passage call the daughter and her lover Amphissa and Aechmodicus respectively.[3][4]
Modern analyses on Echetus
It is thought that Echetus was a mythological creation, used to scare disobedient children or used as the villain in bedtime stories. An alternate theory is that Echetus was a real king around the time of Homer, and that he was quite deformed and possibly a cannibal; no evidence currently exists to support this theory, however.[5]
The word epironde (Script error: No such module "Lang"., "towards the mainland") appears in book 18 of the Odyssey in a passage involving King Echetus.[6] Margaret Foster, in agreement with Irad Malkin, states that the word generally refers to mainland Greece from the perspective of Homer's Ithaca.[7] Richard Hodges and Anna Lefteratou refer to Echetus as a mythical "king of Epirus", specifying the part of the Greek mainland that Echetus ruled over.[8][9]
The word epeiros (Script error: No such module "Lang".) first appears in Homer's Odyssey used mainly "to define land in opposition to sea" and seldomly to "designate the mainland core of north-western Greece" (i.e., Epirus).[10][11][12][13] For Douzougli and Papadopoulos, the use of epeiros (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in Homer is purely geographical;[14] Pliakou states that the term, at least in book 24 of the Odyssey, also references the region of northwestern Greece.[15] Epirus (τῆς Ἠπείρου), as a proper name, is first attested in the 6th century BCE by Hecataeus of Miletus.[14]Template:Sfn
Ultimately, Echetus and Thesprotia in the Odyssey are from the same "dark mainland" according to Irad Malkin.[16] King Echetus, appearing to belong to the mainland directly opposite Ithaca, is hostile to the island whereas Thesprotia, a more distant region, is Ithaca's ally.[16]
References
Notes
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- ↑ Homer. Odyssey, 18.85, 18.116 and 21.307
- ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautica, 4.1093
- ↑ George W. Mooney, Commentary on Apollonius: Argonautica 4.1093
- ↑ Eustathius, Commentaries on Homer, p. 1839.
- ↑ On Echetos' cannibalism, see Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey, 18.84–87.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey, 14.97–100; see ἠπείροιο μελαίνης meaning "dark mainland".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".; see also Odyssey, 24.377‒78.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
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Bibliography
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853-1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
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- Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Template:ISBN. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
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Further reading
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External links
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