European Green Party

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Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Template:Cleanup reorganize

Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Green politics The European Green Party (EGP), also referred to as European Greens, is a transnational, European political party representing national parties from across Europe who share Green values.

The European Greens works closely with the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) parliamentary group in the European Parliament which is formed by elected Green party members along with the European Free Alliance, European Pirate Party and Volt Europa. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the Federation of Young European Greens (FYEG), the Green European Foundation (GEF) and the Global Greens family.

Green parties participates in the governments of five countries in Europe: Austria (The Greens), Belgium (Groen and Ecolo), Germany (Alliance 90/The Greens), Latvia (The Progressives) and Spain (Catalunya en Comú/Sumar). They also externally support the government in Poland (Zieloni/Civic Coalition).

Ideology and positions

The European Greens have committed themselves to the basic tenets of Green politics as seen across Western Europe, namely environmental responsibility, climate action, individual freedom, inclusive democracy, diversity, social justice, gender equality, global sustainable development and non-violence.[1][2]

The European Greens was the first party to form out of various national movements to become a European entity, committed to the integration of Europe.[3][4] The party aims to amplify the views of member parties by having common policy positions, mutual election manifestos, and cohesive European election campaigns. The European Greens also has networks which brings Green politicians together, such as the Local Councillors Network.[5][6]

Charter

According to its charter,[7] the European Greens is working towards a just and sustainable transition towards societies "respectful of human rights and built upon the values of environmental responsibility, freedom, justice, diversity and non-violence". The charter's guiding principles provide a framework for the political actions taken by member parties.

The priorities outlined in the charter include protecting human health and wellbeing, maintaining biological diversity, combatting global warming, transitioning to a just and sustainable economy, strengthening inclusive democracies, safeguarding diversity, and ensuring social justice.

History

Green politics in Europe emerged from several grassroots political movements, including the peace movements, the ecology movement and movements for women's rights.[8]

The anti-nuclear movement in Germany first had political expression as Vereinigung Die Grünen, which formed in March 1979, and established itself as a party for the European Parliament in January 1980.[9][10][11] Similarly, activists in Britain's Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament would eventually form the Ecology Party.[12][13][14] However, it also brought in ecological movements, which had become active across Western European nations in the 1970s.[1][15] Environmental groups became especially political after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which strengthened groups such as the Italian Green Party.[16] In the Netherlands, feminists dominated GroenLinks party.[8] Elements of all these national parties would go on to form the European Green Party.

Representatives from these and other parties sat in the European Parliament after the 1984 European Parliament election.[17] The following 11 members of this grouping, which was briefly known as the Rainbow Group, came from parties which went on to be part of the European Greens:[17]

The European Green Party itself was officially founded at the 4th Congress of the European Federation of Green Parties on 20–22 February 2004 in Rome.[18] At the convention, 32 Green parties from across Europe joined this new pan-European party.[5][19] As such, the European Greens became a trans-national party, and the very first European political party.[20][19]

In the 2004 European Parliament election, member parties won 35 Seats and the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured 43 in total.[21]

In the 2009 European Parliament election, even though the European Parliament was reduced in size, the European Greens' member parties won 46 seats, the best result of the Green Parties in 30 years. The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured 55 seats in total.[22]

In the 2014 European Parliament election, the Green candidates were José Bové and Ska Keller. These elections marked the first time there were primaries including Spitzenkandidaten at the European elections, which allows Europeans to not only vote for who should represent them in the European Parliament, but also help to decide who should lead the European Commission. In May they presented a common programme including the Green New Deal at the launch of the European Greens' campaign which called for "a new direction of economic policy aimed at reducing our carbon footprint and improving our quality of life". The slogan of the campaign was 'Change Europe, vote Green'.[23] The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained 50 seats in total.[24]

The candidates for the 2019 European Parliament election were Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout, who campaigned for climate protection, a social Europe, more democracy and stronger rule of law.[25] That year, the Greens made the strongest ever showing across Europe,[25] in part due to rising public awareness about climate change[26] and the impact of youth movements for climate. The strongest surge was in Germany as Alliance 90/The Greens replaced the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany as the second-strongest party.[27] The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained 74 seats in total.[28] The Greens' results signified a new balance of power[29] as the European People's Party (EPP) and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) lost their majority.

By 2023, The Economist analysed that "the policies espoused by environmentalists sit squarely at the centre of today's political agenda".[30]

Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout were elected by the European Greens to be lead candidates for the 2024 European Parliament election. The campaign ran under the slogan "Choose Courage".[31] They were elected by more than 300 delegates at an Extended Congress in Lyon, France in February 2024. The campaign is focused on a Green and Social Deal, and the fight against the rise of the far right in Europe.

At the 2024 Maastricht Debate, organised by Politico and the University of Maastricht, European Green top candidate Bas Eickhout asked directly to Ursula von der Leyen, top candidate of the European People's Party, what her position was towards the far right in Europe, European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and Identity and Democracy. Von der Leyen told the audience that a collaboration with the ECR "depends very much on how the composition of the Parliament is, and who is in what group."[32]

Numerous analyses in European quality media consider this as a win for the Greens[33] and the turning point of the 2024 election campaign.[34] The European Greens criticised heavily that von der Leyen, as incumbent president of the European Commission and lead candidate for the EPP, opened the door to collaboration with the far right.

Organisational structure

Template:Multiple image The European Green Party is a European political party, constituted out of political parties from European countries. Parties can also become associate members. Members of the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament not belonging to a member party can be admitted as a special member with speaking rights but no vote.

File:Alice Bah Kuhnke 2014-12-17 001.jpg
Alice Bah Kuhnke, Deputy chairwoman of the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group in the European Parliament.

The governing bodies of the EGP are the Council and the Committee.[35]

  • The Council takes place twice a year and is the main decision-making body of the European Greens and consists of delegates of member parties. During Councils, delegates from European Greens parties set a common political direction, linked to the development of the European project and its values. They do so by debating and vote on resolutions on key issues in Europe. Delegates are allotted based on their most recent European or national election results. Each party has at least two delegates. consists of delegates of member parties. These are allotted on the basis of their most recent European or national election results. Each party has at least two delegates.[36]
  • The Committee consists of thirteen members, including two Co-Chairs (one man and one woman), a Secretary General a Treasurer and a representative from FYEG. They are responsible for daily political affairs, execution of the Council's decisions and the activities of the EGP office and staff. Co-Chairs Ciarán Cuffe and Vula Tsetsi, Secretary General Benedetta De Marte, Treasurer Marc Gimenez, Christina Kessler from FYEG and Committee Members Rasmus Nordqvist, Sibylle Steffan, Marina Verronneau, Marieke van Doorninck, Jelena Miloš, Elīna Pinto, Rui Tavares, and Joanna Kamińska were elected at the 39th European Green Party in Dublin, Eire.[37] The EGP has had several Co-Chairs.

Co-chairs of the European Greens

Mandate Co-chairs Member party Years Secretary General Council election
Dec 2024 – Template:Flagicon Vula Tsetsi Ecologist Greens 12/2024 – present Template:Flagicon Benedetta De Marte Dublin, Template:Country data Ireland, December 2024
Template:Flagicon Ciarán Cuffe Green Party 12/2024 – present
May 2022 – Dec 2024 Template:Flagicon Mélanie Vogel EELV 05/2022 – 12/2024 Template:Flagicon Benedetta De Marte Riga, Template:Country data Latvia, November 2022
Template:Flagicon Thomas Waitz Die Grünen 05/2022 – 12/2024
Nov 2019 – May 2022 Template:Flagicon Evelyne Huytebroeck Ecolo 11/2019 – 05/2022 Template:Flagicon Mar Garcia Tampere, Template:Country data Finland, November 2019
Template:Flagicon Thomas Waitz Die Grünen 11/2019 – 05/2022
Nov 2015 – Nov 2019 Template:Flagicon Monica Frassoni Federazione dei Verdi 11/2015 – 11/2019 Template:Flagicon Mar Garcia Lyon, Template:Country data France, November 2015
Template:Flagicon Reinhard Bütikofer Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen 11/2015 – 11/2019
Nov 2012 – Nov 2015 Template:Flagicon Monica Frassoni Federazione dei Verdi 11/2012 – 11/2015 Template:Flagicon Jacqueline Cremers (until end 2014)

Template:Flagicon Mar Garcia (from January 2015)

Athens, Template:Country data Greece, November 2012
Template:Flagicon Reinhard Bütikofer Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen 11/2012 – 11/2015
Oct 2009 – Nov 2012 Template:Flagicon Monica Frassoni Federazione dei Verdi 10/2009 – 11/2012 Template:Flagicon Jacqueline Cremers Malmö, Template:Country data Sweden, October 2009
Template:Flagicon Philippe Lamberts Ecolo 10/2009 – 11/2012
May 2006 – Oct 2009 Template:Flagicon Ulrike Lunacek Die Grünen 05/2006 – 10/2009 Template:Flagicon Juan Behrend Helsinki, Template:Country data Finland, May 2006
Template:Flagicon Philippe Lamberts Ecolo 05/2006 – 10/2009
May 2003 – May 2006 Template:Flagicon Grazia Francescato Federazione dei Verdi 05/2003 – 05/2006 Template:Flagicon Arnold Cassola Saint Andrews, Template:Country data Malta, May 2003
Template:Flagicon Pekka Haavisto Vihreä Liitto 05/2003 – 05/2006
  • The Congress is an enlarged meeting of the Council which is convened by the Council at least once every 5 years and hosts more delegates.

Networks

The EGP hosts a collection of networks that have specific special interest focus, including:[38]

  • Balkan Network
  • Mediterranean Network
  • Gender Network
  • European Queer Greens
  • Local Councillors Networks
  • European Green Disability Network
  • European Network of Green Seniors

Partnerships

Membership

Template:Update section

Full members

Country Name MEPsTemplate:Efn National MPs Government status
Template:Country data Albania Green Party of Albania Not in EU Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Belgium Template:Country data Flemish Community Groen Template:Composition barTemplate:Efn Template:Composition bar Template:Efn Government
Template:Country data French Community
Template:Country data German-speaking Community		 Ecolo Template:Composition bar Template:Efn Template:Composition bar Template:Efn Government
Template:Country data Bulgaria Green Movement Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Croatia We Can! Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Cyprus Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Czech Republic Green Party Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Denmark Green Left Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Estonia Estonian Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Finland Green League Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data France Europe Ecology – The Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Georgia (country) Greens Party of Georgia Not in EU Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Germany Alliance 90/The Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Government
Template:Country data Greece Ecologist Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Hungary LMP – Hungary's Green Party
(suspended)[39]		 Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Ireland Green PartyTemplate:Efn Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Italy Green Europe Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data South Tyrol Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Latvia The Progressives Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Government
Template:Country data Lithuania Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Luxembourg The Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Malta AD+PD Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Moldova Ecologist Green Party Not in EU Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Montenegro United Reform Action Not in EU Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Netherlands GroenLinks Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data North Macedonia Democratic Renewal of Macedonia Not in EU Template:Composition bar Confidence and supply
Template:Country data Norway Green Party Not in EU Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Poland The Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Government
Template:Country data Portugal LIVRE Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Ecologist Party "The Greens" Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Romania Green Party Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Serbia Green–Left Front Not in EU Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Spain Greens Equo Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Government
Template:Country data Catalonia Green Left Template:Composition bar Template:Composition barTemplate:Efn Government
Template:Country data Sweden Green Party Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Switzerland Green Party of Switzerland Not in EU Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Ukraine Party of Greens of Ukraine Not in EU Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data United Kingdom Template:Country data England
Template:Country data Wales		 Green Party of England and Wales Not in EU Template:Composition bar Template:Efn Opposition
Template:Country data Scotland Scottish Greens Template:Composition bar Template:Efn Extra-parliamentary
Template:Flagdeco Northern Ireland Green Party in Northern Ireland Template:Efn Template:Composition bar Template:Efn Extra-parliamentary
Sources[40]

Associate members

Country Name MEPs National MPs Government status
Template:Country data Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Green Party Not in EU Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Croatia Green Alternative – Sustainable Development of Croatia Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Finland Template:Country data Åland Sustainable Initiative Template:Composition bar Template:Composition barTemplate:Efn Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Hungary Dialogue – The Greens' Party Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Portugal People-Animals-Nature Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Opposition
Template:Country data Russia Union of Greens of Russia Not in EU Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Slovenia Vesna – Green Party Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Spain Template:Country data Catalonia Catalunya en Comú Template:Composition barTemplate:Efn Template:Composition barTemplate:Efn Government
Template:Country data Turkey Green Left Party Not in EU Template:Composition bar Opposition
Sources[40]

Former members

Country Year left Name MEPs (current) National MPs (current)
Template:Country data Belarus 2023 Belarusian Green Party n/a – defunct
Template:Country data Denmark 2012 De Grønne n/a – defunct
Template:Country data Hungary 2015 Green Left n/a – defunct
Template:Country data Latvia 2019 Latvian Green Party – Template:Composition bar
Template:Country data Netherlands 2017 The Greens – –
Template:Country data Slovenia 2024 Youth Party – European Greens – –
Template:Country data Russia 2016Template:Efn Green Alternative Not in EU –
Template:Country data Spain 2012 Confederation of the Greens –

Electoral standing and political representation

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The table below shows the results of the Greens in each election to the European Parliament, in terms of seats and votes. It also shows how many European Commissioners the European Greens have, and who led the parliamentary group. It also lists how the Green parliamentary group and supra-national organisations was named and what European parliamentary group they joined.[41]

Year MEPs MEPs % Votes % EC Leaders EP Subgroup EP group Organization
1979 0 0 2.4% 0 none none none Coordination of European Green and Radical Parties
1984 11 2.5% 4.2% 0 Friedrich-Wilhelm Graefe zu Baringdorf (1984–86)
Bram van der Lek (1984–86)
Brigitte Heinrich (1986)
François Roelants du Vivier (1986)
Frank Schwalba-Hoth (1986–87)
Paul Staes (1987–88)
Wilfried Telkämper (1987–89) 		Green Alternative European Link Rainbow Group European Green Coordination
1989 25 4.8% 7.4% 0 Maria Amelia Santos (1989–90)
Alexander Langer (1990)
Adelaide Aglietta (1990–94)
Paul Lannoye (1990–94) 		Green Group in the European Parliament European Green Coordination
1994 21 3.7% 7.4% 0 Claudia Roth (1994–98),
Alexander Langer (1994–95),
Magda Aelvoet (1997–99) 		Green Group in the European Parliament European Federation of Green Parties
1999 38 6.1% 7.7% 1Template:Efn Heidi Hautala (1999–2002),
Paul Lannoye (1999–2002),
Monica Frassoni (2002–04),
Daniel Cohn-Bendit (2002–04) 		European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Federation of Green Parties
2004 35 4.8% 7.3% 0 Monica Frassoni (2004–09),
Daniel Cohn-Bendit (2004–09) 		European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Green Party
2009 48Template:Efn 6.2% 7.3% 0 Rebecca Harms (2009–14),
Daniel Cohn-Bendit (2009–14) 		European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Green Party
2014 50[42]Template:Efn 6.7% 7.3% 0 Rebecca Harms (2014–2016),
Ska Keller (2017–2019),
Philippe Lamberts (2014–2019) 		European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Green Party
2019 67 11.4% 10.0% 0 Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout European Greens Greens-EFA European Green Party
2024 55 7.6% 7.4% 0 Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout European Greens Greens-EFA European Green Party

Current electoral standing

Country Name Votes Total Last EU election Votes Total Last national
election 		Government status
Template:Country data Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative 532,193 3,834,662 14.1% 664,055 4,835,469 13.9% Government
Template:Country data Belgium Template:Country data Flemish Community Groen 525,908 6,732,157 7.8% 413,836 6,780,538 6.1% Government
Template:Country data French Community
Template:Country data German-speaking Community		 Ecolo 492,330 7.2% 416,452 6.1% Government
Template:Country data Bulgaria The Greens EPP 2,015,320 6.1%Template:Efn EPP 2,658,548 6.3%Template:Efn Opposition
Template:Country data Croatia We Can! 44,670 764,089 5.9% 193,051 2,180,411 9.1% Opposition
Template:Country data Cyprus Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation 9,232 280,935 3.3%Template:Efn 15,762 357,712 4.4% Opposition
Template:Country data Czech Republic Green Party 0 2,370,765 did not compete 53,343 5,375,090 1.0% Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Denmark Socialist People's Party 364,895 2.758.855 13.2% 272,304 3,569,521 7.7% Confidence and supply
Template:Country data Estonia Estonian Greens 5,824 332,104 1.8% 10,226 561,131 1.8% Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Finland Green League 292,892 1,830,045 16.0% 354,194 3,081,916 11.5% Government
Template:Country data France Europe Ecology – The Greens 3,055,023 22,654,164 13.5% 973,527 22,655,174 4.3% Opposition
Template:Country data Germany Alliance 90/The Greens 7,677,071 37,396,889 20.5% 6,852,206 46,442,023 14.8% Government
Template:Country data Greece Ecologist Greens 49,099 5,656,122 0.9% 0 5,769,542 did not compete Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Hungary LMP – Hungary's Green Party 75,498 3,470,257 2.2% 404,429 5,732,283 7.1% Opposition
Template:Country data Ireland Green PartyTemplate:Efn 93,575 1,745,230 5.4% 66,911 2,202,454 3.0% Opposition
Template:Country data Italy Green Europe 621,492 26,783,732 2.3% 1.071.663 29,172,085 3.6% Opposition
Template:Country data South Tyrol Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Luxembourg The Greens 39.535 217,086 18.9% 32.177 216,177 15.1% Government
Template:Country data Malta AD+PD 7,142 260,212 did not compete 0 310,665 did not compete Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Netherlands GroenLinks 599,283 5,497,813 10.9% 1.643.073 10,432,726 15.75%Template:Efn Template:Maybe (Election)
Template:Country data Poland The Greens EPP 13,647,311 38.5%Template:Efn EPP 18,470,710 27.4%Template:Efn Opposition
Template:Country data Portugal Ecologist Party "The Greens" LEFT 3,314,414 6.9%Template:Efn LEFT 5,340,890 6.3%Template:Efn Opposition
LIVRE 60,575 3,084,505 1.8%[43]Template:Circular reference 5,417,715 71,232 1.3%[44]Template:Circular reference
Template:Country data Romania Green Party 0 9,069,822 did not compete 23,085 5,908,331 0.4% Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Slovenia Youth Party – European Greens 0 482,075 did not compete 0 891,097 did not compete Extra-parliamentary
Template:Country data Spain Equo 0 22,426,066 did not compete 582,306 24,258,228 2.4% Confidence and supply
Template:Country data Catalonia Esquerra VerdaTemplate:Efn LEFT Run with UPTemplate:Efn 0 did not compete Government
Catalunya en Comú LEFT Run with UPTemplate:Efn LEFT Run with UP Government
Template:Country data Sweden Green Party 478,258 4,151,470 11.5% 285,899 6,535,271 4.4% Government
European Greens 15,061,100 177,624,368 8.48% 12,240,131 214,300,854 5.71%

Current political representation in European institutions

Organisation Institution Number of seats
Script error: No such module "flag". European Parliament Template:EUPP data
European Commission Template:EUPP data
European Council
(Heads of Government)		 Template:EUPP data
Council of the European Union
(Participation in Government)
Committee of the Regions Template:EUPP data
Template:Country data Council of Europe (as part of Template:Wikidata) Parliamentary Assembly Template:Composition barTemplate:Wikidata

See also

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:European political parties Template:Political organisations at European Union level Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control Template:Portal bar

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