E-3 process

See also Ektachrome for full details of Kodak E-series processes.

File:Ektachome B Slide Film crop.jpg

Ektachrome Type B, using E-2 or E-4 processes

The E-2 process and E-3 process are outdated processes for developing Ektachrome reversal photographic film. The two processes are very similar, and differ depending on the film. Kodak sold kits that could process either kind of film.

Processing

Template:Multiple image Ektachrome film has three separate light-sensitive layers; each layer is sensitive to a different group of wavelengths corresponding to red, green, and blue colors. When the film is exposed, each layer records a latent image based on its sensitivity. A yellow filter prevents blue light from exposing the green- and red-sensitive layers, which have some sensitivity to blue light.

Films are processed at Template:Cvt with a tolerance of only ±0.5°F; exceeding these limits could cause color shifts.Template:Rp The steps are:

Early Ektachrome processes

Step			Schematic	E-1 (1946)		E-1 (1955)Template:Rp E-2 (1955) E-3 (1959)		Description
				Time (min)	Temp.	Time (min)	Temp.
	1	First developer	File:E-6 step 02.svg	15	Template:Cvt	10	Template:Cvt	This is a conventional black-and-white developer, which develops the exposed portions as a negative.
	2	Stop bath / rinse		1	Template:Cvt	1	Template:Cvt
	3	Hardener		5–10	Template:Cvt	3–10	Template:Cvt
	4	Reversal exposure	File:E-1 step 02a.svg	varies (typically 5 sec/side)				The film is removed from the tank and thoroughly exposed with a bright light for either 5 seconds on each side, or each end of the reel is exposed for 15 seconds at a distance of Template:Cvt from a No. 2 photoflood. This step sensitizes the remaining silver halide crystals for the colour developer. Replace in tank, though the lid was no longer required.
	5	Wash		5	Template:Cvt	3	Template:Cvt	Using running water
	6	Colour developer	File:E-6 step 03.svg	25	Template:Cvt	15	Template:Cvt	This develops the now exposed silver bromide, and simultaneously activates the dye couplers in the three colour-sensitive layers of the film.
	7	Wash		5	Template:Cvt	5	Template:Cvt	Using running water
	8	Clear		5	Template:Cvt	5	Template:Cvt	To remove pink stains left by the colour developer. Solution saved for fixing bath (step 12). In the E-1 process, this is noted as a "clearing and fixing bath."
	9	Rinse		1	Template:Cvt	1	Template:Cvt	Using running water for at least 30 seconds, but not more than 90 seconds.
	10	Bleach	File:E-6 step 04.svg	10	Template:Cvt	8	Template:Cvt	To convert all the developed silver into compounds that are made soluble in the fixer
	11	Rinse		1	Template:Cvt	1	Template:Cvt
	12	Fix	File:E-6 step 05.svg	5	Template:Cvt	3	Template:Cvt	To remove all the developed silver. In the E-1 process, this is noted as a "clearing and fixing bath."
	13	Wash		10	Template:Cvt	8	Template:Cvt	Running water
	14	Stabilizing / Wetting agent rinse		1	Template:Cvt	1	Template:Cvt	Using Kodak Photo-Flo to remove water droplets
	15	Dry		not specified		varies	<Template:Cvt	Same as for black-and-white films

The original Ektachrome process introduced in 1946 used similar steps with different durations; the total processing time was approximately 90 minutes. It was renamed to E-1 when the E-2 process was introduced in 1955 for ASA 32 Ektachrome, followed by E-3 for ASA 50 Ektachrome in 1959.

Films designed for E-2 and E-3 are prone to fading because of the instability of the color dyes. The processes were phased out in 1974 in favor of E-4 (which was introduced in 1966), and two years later E-6 was introduced which remains in use to this day.

External links

• Kodak specifications for hand mixing of chemistry

Processing of older Ektachrome films including Process E-3:

• Film Rescue USA and Canada
• Rocky Mountain USA

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