Eth

Lower case and upper case of Eth (Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr expressed by a sans serif single-stroke-width font and a serif variable-stroke-width font

Eth in Arial and Times New Roman

Eth (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell, uppercase: ⟨Ð⟩, lowercase: ⟨ð⟩; also spelled edh or eð), known as (that) in Old English, is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called ), and Elfdalian alphabets.

It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with Template:Angbr, and later Template:Angbr.

It is often transliterated as Template:Angbr.

The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative (IPA: Template:IPAblink) in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Faroese

In Faroese, Template:Angbr is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. When Template:Angbr appears before Template:Angbr, it is in a few words pronounced . In the Faroese alphabet, Template:Angbr follows Template:Angbr.

Khmer

Template:Angbr is sometimes used in Khmer romanization to represent Template:Transliteration.

Icelandic

Photo of black handwritten text on a seemingly yellow paper with the top and bottom blurry and vertical middle clear

A sample of Icelandic handwriting with some instances of lowercase ð clearly visible: in the words , and . Also visible is a thorn in the word .

In Icelandic, Template:Angbr, called "eð", represents an alveolar non-sibilant fricative, voiced Template:IPAblink intervocalically and word-finally, and voiceless Template:IPAblink otherwise, which form one phoneme, . Generally, is represented by thorn Template:Angbr at the beginning of words and by Template:Angbr elsewhere. The Template:Angbr in the name of the letter is devoiced in the nominative and accusative cases: . In the Icelandic alphabet, Template:Angbr follows Template:Angbr.

Norwegian

In Olav Jakobsen Høyem's version of based on , Template:Angbr was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons.

Old English

In Old English, Template:Angbr (called (that)) was used interchangeably with Template:Angbr to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme Template:IPAslink or its allophone Template:IPAblink, which exist in modern English as the voiceless and voiced dental fricatives both now spelled Template:Angbr.

Unlike the runic letter Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr is a modified Roman letter. Neither Template:Angbr nor Template:Angbr was found in the earliest records of Old English. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that Template:Angbr began to emerge in the early 8th century, with Template:Angbr becoming strongly preferred by the 780s. Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing".

Under the reign of King Alfred the Great, Template:Angbr grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake Template:Angbr, and did so completely by the Middle English period. Template:Angbr in turn went obsolete by the Early Modern English period, mostly due to the rise of the printing press, and was replaced by the digraph Template:Angbr.

Welsh

Template:Angbr has also been used by some in written Welsh to represent , which is normally represented as Template:Angbr.

Phonetic transcription

• (U+00F0) represents a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
• (U+1D9E) is used in phonetic transcription.
• ᴆ (U+1D06) is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.

Computer encoding

Upper and lower case forms of eth have Unicode encodings:

• Template:Unichar
• Template:Unichar

These Unicode codepoints were inherited from ISO/IEC 8859-1 ("ISO Latin-1") encoding.

Modern uses

• A capital eth is used as the currency symbol for Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency.

See also

• Template:Annotated link
• D
• Template:Annotated link
• Template:Annotated link
• T
• Template:Annotated link

Further reading

• Template:SOWL

External links

• .