Dzisna
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Dzisna (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a town in Miory District, Vitebsk Region, in northern Belarus. It is located on the left bank of the Daugava River, near the confluence of the Dysna. Dzisna is located Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Vitebsk.Template:Sfn In 2017, its population was 1,500.[1] As of 2025, it has a population of 1,368.[2]
History
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The town was founded as a fortress in the 10th to 11th centuries by the Polotsk Krivichs.[3]
Within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Dzisna was part of Połock Voivodeship. The town received its coat of arms in 1567, and in 1569, the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II Augustus, granted Dzisna Magdeburg city rights.[3][4][5] It was a royal city of Lithuania. In 1793, Dzisna was acquired by the Russian Empire as a result of the Second Partition of Poland.[3]
From 1921 until 1939, Dzisna was part of the Second Polish Republic. In the 1921 census, 49.4% people declared Polish nationality, 37.3% declared Jewish nationality, and 11.7% declared Belarusian nationality.[6] On the eve of World War II, the town likely had a Jewish population of more than 4,500.Template:Sfn
World War II
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In September 1939, the town was occupied by the Red Army and, on 14 November 1939, incorporated into the Byelorussian SSR. In the days following the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, about half of the Jewish population fled to the east.Template:Sfn From 3 July 1941, Dzisna was occupied by Nazi Germany.Template:Sfn In the fall of 1941, the Germans established a civil administration and the town became the administrative center of one of the nine raions in Gebiet Glebokie, which was headed by Gebietskommissar Paul Hachmann.Template:Sfn The town was administered as part of the Generalbezirk Weißruthenien of Reichskommissariat Ostland.Template:Sfn
A squad of Feldgendarmerie arrived in Dzisna and took control of the local police, which then became known as the Schutzmannschaft.Template:Sfn The head of the police in Dzisna was a Pole by the name of Swiniarski, and his deputy was Alfons Bielski.Template:Sfn The first Aktion took place on 28 March 1942, when 30 Jews were shot in what was reportedly a reprisal for the death of the son of the Gebietskommissar.Template:Sfn On the night of 14–15 June, a small Sicherheitspolizei squad, with the help of reinforcements, surrounded the ghetto in Dzisna, which had 2,181 inhabitants according to German records.Template:Sfn As they entered the ghetto, some of the Jews resisted, with a few hundred able to flee to the forest, although many were later found by police or turned in.Template:Sfn Others who were taken alive were shot in two mass graves near the ghetto.Template:Sfn The ghetto was finally liquidated in the summer of 1943.Template:Sfn After 1944, Dzisna remained part of the Soviet Union until 1991.
References
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- ↑ Колькасць насельніцтва на 1 студзеня 2017 г. і сярэднегадавая колькасць насельніцтва за 2016 год па Рэспубліцы Беларусь у разрэзе абласцей, раёнаў, гарадоў і пасёлкаў гарадскога тыпу
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Bibliography
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External links
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