Dyaus
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Dyaus (Vedic Sanskrit: द्यौस्, Template:IAST3) or Dyauspitr (Vedic Sanskrit: द्यौष्पितृ, Template:IAST3) is the Rigvedic sky deity. His consort is Prthvi, the earth goddess, and together they are the archetypal parents in the Rigveda.[1]
Etymology
Script error: No such module "lang". stems from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyā́wš, from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) daylight-sky god Script error: No such module "Lang"., and is cognate with the Greek Script error: No such module "Lang". – Zeus Patēr, or Dei-pátrous, and Latin Jupiter (from Old Latin Dies piter Script error: No such module "Lang".), stemming from the PIE Script error: No such module "Lang". ("Daylight-sky Father").Template:Sfn
The noun Script error: No such module "lang". (when used without the Script error: No such module "lang". 'father') refers to the daylight sky, and occurs frequently in the Rigveda, as an entity. The sky in Vedic writing was described as rising in three tiers: Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "lang"., and Script error: No such module "lang". or Script error: No such module "lang"..[2]
Literature
Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́ appears in hymns with Prithvi Mata, 'Mother Earth' in the ancient Vedic scriptures of Hinduism.[3]
In the Ṛg·veda, Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́ appears in verses 1.89.4, 1.90.7, 1.164.33, 1.191.6, 4.1.10. and 4.17.4[4] He is also referred to under different theonyms: Dyavaprithvi, for example, is a dvandva compound combining 'heaven' and 'earth' as Dyauṣ and Prithvi.
Dyauṣ's most defining trait is his paternal role.[5] His daughter, Uṣas, personifies dawn.[6] The gods, especially Sūrya, are stated to be the children of Dyauṣ and Prithvi.[7] Dyauṣ's other sons include Agni, Parjanya, the Ādityas, the Maruts, and the Angirases.[5][7] The Ashvins are called "divó nápāt", meaning offspring/progeny/grandsons of Dyauṣ.[5][8] Dyauṣ is often visualized as a roaring animal, often a bull, who fertilizes the earth.[5] Dyauṣ is also known for the rape of his own daughter, which, according to Jamison and Brereton (2014), is vaguely but vividly mentioned in the Rigveda.[7]
Dyauṣ is also stated to be like a black stallion studded with pearls in a simile with the night sky.[5]Template:Sfn
Indra's separation of Dyauṣ and Prithvi is celebrated in the Rigveda as an important creation myth.[7]
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Ṛg·veda, 5.60.6.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Sanskrit: Ṛg·veda, Wikisource; translation: Ralph T. H. Griffith Rigveda, Wikisource
- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Entry: "Dyaus"
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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