Duke of Cleveland

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File:Barbara Palmer (née Villiers), Duchess of Cleveland with her son, Charles Fitzroy, as Madonna and Child by Sir Peter Lely (2).jpg
Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, and her son Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland

Duke of Cleveland is a title that was created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The dukedoms were named after Cleveland in northern England.

History

The first creation in 1670 (along with the barony of Nonsuch and the earldom of Southampton) was for Barbara Castlemaine, a mistress of King Charles II. The dukedom was created with a special remainder allowing it to be inherited by her first son, Charles, and his heirs male, then by her third son, George, 1st Duke of Northumberland, both being her illegitimate sons by Charles II. Charles was created Duke of Southampton in his own right in 1675 and inherited the dukedom of Cleveland after his mother's death in 1709. His son William inherited both dukedoms in 1730 but died without heirs male in 1774. As there were no heirs male descended from George, 1st Duke of Northumberland and the 1st Duchess of Cleveland's second son (Henry, 1st Duke of Grafton)'s heirs male had not been made eligible to inherit the dukedom of Cleveland, the title became extinct.

The dukedom of Cleveland was created again on 29 January 1833 for William Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington, along with the title Baron Raby.[1] He was a great-grandson of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland of the first creation, and had already been created Marquess of Cleveland on 5 October 1827.[2]

Dukes of Cleveland, first creation (1670)

The Dukes also held the titles of Earl of Southampton and Baron Nonsuch, in the County of Surrey, created at the same time as the dukedom. The second and third Dukes also held the titles of Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury, in the County of Berkshire (created 1675).

Dukes of Cleveland, second creation (1833)

File:Arms of Vane.svg
Arms of Vane: Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or.[3] These are a difference of the arms of the Fane family, Earls of Westmorland from 1624, which show: three dexter gauntlets back affrontée, with identical tinctures

Other titles held by these Dukes include Marquess of Cleveland (1827), Earl of Darlington, in the County of Durham and Viscount Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the county of Durham (1754), Baron Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the Bishopric of Durham (1698), and Baron Raby, of Raby Castle in the County Durham (1833).

Family tree

Template:Dukes of Cleveland and Southampton family tree

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  3. ↑ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits appaumée, useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning appaumée Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, Handbook of Heraldry, 2nd ed., London, 1868, p.47, p. 92)

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