Duchy of Philippopolis
Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Duchy of Philippopolis was a short-lived duchy of the Latin Empire founded after the collapse and partition of the Byzantine Empire by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It included the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv) and the surrounding region.
History
The Duchy of Philippopolis was established in 1204, shortly after the creation of the Latin Empire. Unlike the other duchies of the Empire proper, it is not mentioned in the Partitio Romaniae, the treaty that partitioned the Byzantine Empire among the members of the Fourth Crusade.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Its first duke, Renier of Trit, was also not among the main leaders of the Crusade, although he was perhaps a relative or vassal of the first Latin Emperor, Baldwin, as both came from Hainaut.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Renier quickly faced a revolt of the Greek lords of Thrace, supported by the Bulgarian ruler Kaloyan, who was already at war with the Latin Empire.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Feeling unsafe in Philippopolis with its hostile population, Renier had to retreat to the fortress of Stenimachos with only forty knights. They were not relieved until July 1206.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Captured by Kaloyan, the city was lost by his successor Boril following his defeat at the Battle of Philippopolis in 1208.
Although not included in the provisions in the Partitio Romaniae, the Republic of Venice nevertheless claimed rule over three eighths of the Duchy, as elsewhere in the Empire.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In ca. 1223/24, the then lord of Philippopolis, Gerard of Estreux (otherwise known as Gerard or Girard of Stroim,[1] perhaps a form of Estrœung[2] - Étrœungt - or EstreuxScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) declared himself prepared to acknowledge the claims of Venice, and accord it suzerainty over part of his possessions.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
In the draft treaty concluded in December 1228 between John of Brienne and the regents of the Latin Empire, it was agreed that after his death, John's heirs would either take possession of the duchy (among other European territories) or of the Latin possessions in Asia Minor. However, in the treaty finally ratified in April 1229 (or 1230, according to Buchon), the rights of Gerard of Estreux over the duchy were confirmed.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3]
The territory of the duchy finally joined the Bulgarian Empire in the aftermath of Tsar Ivan Asen II's victory over the Empire of Thessalonica at the Battle of Klokotnitsa in March 1230.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Dukes of Philippopolis
- Renier of Trit (1204–1208)
- Template:Ill (1208–1229/30)
- John of Brienne (1229/30–1237)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
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- ↑ J. A. Buchon, Éclaircissements historiques, généalogiques et numismatiques sur la principauté française de Morée et ses douze pairies, pp. 23 and 62 (on line)
- ↑ J.J. de Smet, Mémoire sur Baudoin IX p.60
- ↑ Buchon, Histoire des Conquêtes et de l'établissement des Français dans les états de l'ancienne Grèce sous les Ville-Hardoin à la suite de la quatrième Croisade, Volume 1, p.218 ([1])
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Bibliography
- Template:The Late Medieval Balkans
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- Template:The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium
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Template:Crusader States [[Category:Template:Resolve category redirect]]Template:Coord missing/CheckCat