Double-lined mackerel
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The double-lined mackerel (Grammatorcynus bilineatus), is a species of Spanish mackerel (tribe Scomberomorini) in the family Scombridae.[1][2] This species is sometimes also called the scad mackerel (not be confused with the mackerel scad in the Carangidae family).[1]
Description
The double-lined mackerel has an elongated and slightly compressed body covered with small scales, with a relatively small mouth and large eyes. Like other Scombridaes, it lacks a swim bladder. The body color is dark blue on the back, silvery on the sides, silvery white on the belly. They have 11-13 dorsal spines, 10-14 dorsal soft rays and 10-14 anal soft rays on their fins. The pectoral fins are rather short. There are two lateral lines, one on the dorsal profile, and the other at the height of the pectoral fins.[3][4][5] This is unique among fish, as most only have one on each side of the body.
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Grammatorcynus bilineatus can reach a maximum length of about Template:Convert, with a common length of about Template:Convert and maximum weight of about Template:Convert.[6][7]
This species is often confused with its sister species Grammatorcynus bicarinatus, the shark mackerel.[8] They can be differentiated as the double-lined lacks spots on its belly, is generally smaller, and the eyes are larger.[5]
Range
Double-lined mackerel are present in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to the Andaman Sea, also from the northern coast of Australia to the Ryukyu Islands, as far as Fiji
Biology and ecology
These subtropical reef-associated and pelagic fishes usually inhabit open water, but they are mostly found in shallow waters at depths of Template:Convert.[3]
Grammatorcynus bilineatus mainly feed on crustaceans and fishes, especially Clupeiformes (Sardinella and Thryssa species), but also other fishes such as triggerfishes (Balistes) and small barracudas (Sphyraena). It usually forms large schools.[3][5]
Fisheries
The double-lined mackerel is a commercial fish, usually marketed canned and frozen.
It is of minor importance to commercial fisheries.[3]
See also
References
Bibliography
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, USA: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, USA, 1997
- Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of África. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4th. ed, Upper Saddle River, USA - Prentice-Hall. 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3rd ed.USA: John Wiley and Sons. 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2nd. Ed. London: Macdonald. 1985.
External links
Template:Mackerel Template:Taxonbar
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ↑ WoRMS
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ↑ Collete, B.B. 1986. - Scombridae. - In P.J.P. White head, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese (eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranea. Vol II, pp. 981-997. UNESCO, Paris
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Collette, B.B., 2001. - Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). - FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.)
- ↑ Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. - Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date - FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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