Dipodium
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Dipodium, commonly known as hyacinth orchids,[1] is a genus of about forty species of orchids native to tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of south-east Asia, New Guinea, the Pacific Islands and Australia. It includes both terrestrial and climbing species, some with leaves and some leafless, but all with large, often colourful flowers on tall flowering stems. It is the only genus of its alliance, Dipodium.
Description
Orchids in the genus Dipodium are perennial, terrestrial herbs or climbers/epiphytes. Many species, particularly in eastern Australia are leafless mycoheterotrophs. Others have medium-sized to very large leaves that are parallel-veined and have entire margins. The flowers are arranged in a raceme with very few or up to fifty large, often colourful flowers. These may be fragrant or odourless, are white, pink, purple, yellow or green, often with spots or blotches. The sepals and petals are free from and similar to each other. The labellum projects forwards and has three lobes with a central band of colourful hairs. Each flower has two pollinia that are supported on two stipes. Dehiscent capsules, produced after flowering, hold the seed which is released when the capsule splits longitudinally along six seams. Between 30 and 500 seeds are produced per capsule.[1][2][3][4]
Taxonomy
The genus was formally described in 1810 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen.[5][6] The name Dipodium is derived the Greek words di (two) and podia (little feet), a reference to the two stipes supporting the pollinia.[7]
Distribution and habitat
Hyacinth orchids are found in Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Guinea and Australia where eleven species are endemic. They occur in a range of habitats from coastal lowlands to ranges and tablelands.[1][8]
Ecology
It is thought that the flowers attract native bees and wasps through floral mimicry.[9]
Uses
An infusion of the leaves of Dipodium pandanum is traditionally drunk in Bougainville to help relieve respiratory infections.[10]
Use in horticulture
Leafless hyacinth orchids are impossible to grow in cultivation but D. pandanum and D. ensifolium are easy to grow in warm climates.[1]Template:Rp
Species
The following is a list of described species in the genus Dipodium, recognised by Plants of the World Online[11] apart from Dipodium punctatum which is recognised as a species in Australia (rather than as a synonym of Dipodium squamatum).[5][12]
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- Dipodium ambiguum P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & A.LambScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Malesia
- Dipodium ammolithum M.D.Barrett, R.L.Barrett & K.W.DixonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – from Western Australia
- Dipodium atropurpureum D.L.JonesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - purple hyacinth orchid, from New South Wales
- Dipodium basalticum M.D.Barrett, R.L.Barrett & K.W.DixonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – from Western Australia
- Dipodium bicallosum J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra
- Dipodium bicarinatum P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Peninsular Malaysia
- Dipodium brassii P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Papua New Guinea
- Dipodium brevilabium Metusala & P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Western Papua
- Dipodium campanulatum D.L.JonesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - bell-flower hyacinth-orchid, from South Australia and Victoria
- Dipodium chanii P.O'Byrne, A.Lamb & GokusingScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium conduplicatum P.O'Byrne, A.Lamb & GokusingScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra
- Dipodium confusum P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium elatum J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – from Sumatra
- Dipodium elegans J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Sumatra
- Dipodium elegantulum D.L.JonesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - elegant hyacinth-orchid, from Queensland
- Dipodium ensifolium F.Muell.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - leafy hyacinth-orchid, from north-east Queensland
- Dipodium fevrellii J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Sulawesi
- Dipodium fragrans P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and Sulawesi
- Dipodium freycinetioides Fukuy.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Palau
- Dipodium gracile Schltr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Sulawesi
- Dipodium hamiltonianum F.M.BaileyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - yellow hyacinth-orchid, from Queensland, New South Wales, the A.C.T., and Victoria
- Dipodium interaneum D.L.JonesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – from New South Wales and northeast Victoria
- Dipodium javanicum P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from West Java
- Dipodium lambii P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium meijeri P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium moultonii P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & A.LambScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium paludosum (Griff.) Rchb.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo
- Dipodium pandanum F.M.BaileyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – from Maluku, Papuasia, and Queensland
- Dipodium pardalinum D.L.JonesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - spotted hyacinth-orchid or leopard hyacinth-orchid, from South Australia and Victoria
- Dipodium parviflorum J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra
- Dipodium pictum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Malesia, Papuasia, and the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland
- Dipodium pulchellum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from New South Wales and Queensland
- Dipodium punctatum (Sm.) R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - blotched hyacinth-orchid or hyacinth orchid, from New South Wales, the A.C.T., Victoria, and South Australia
- Dipodium purpureum J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium puspitae P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – from Sumatra and central Borneo
- Dipodium robertyongii P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
- Dipodium roseum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - rosy hyacinth-orchid or pink hyacinth-orchid, from Queensland, New South Wales, the A.C.T., Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania
- Dipodium scandens (Blume) J.J.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo, Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, the Bismark Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands
- Dipodium speciosum P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Peninsular Malaysia
- Dipodium squamatum (G.Forst.) R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from New Caledonia and Vanuatu
- Dipodium stenocheilum O.SchwarzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - tropical hyacinth-orchid, from the northern parts of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland.
- Dipodium variegatum M.A.Clem. & D.L.JonesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - blotched hyacinth-orchid or slender hyacinth-orchid, from Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria
- Dipodium wenzelii P.O'ByrneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - from Borneo
References
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