Dilithium
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Chembox Dilithium, Li2, is a strongly nucleophilic, diatomic molecule comprising two lithium atoms covalently bonded together. Li2 has been observed in the gas phase. It has a bond order of 1, an internuclear separation of 267.3 pm and a bond energy of 102 kJ/mol or 1.06 eV in each bond.[1] The electron configuration of Li2 may be written as σ2.Template:Fact
Being the third-lightest stableTemplate:Fact neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule (after dihydrogen and dihelium), dilithium is an extremely important model system for studying fundamentals of physics, chemistry, and electronic structure theory.
It is the most thoroughly characterized compound in terms of the accuracy and completeness of the empirical potential energy curves of its electronic states. Analytic empirical potential energy curves have been constructed for the X-state,[2] a-state,[3] A-state,[4] c-state,[5] B-state,[6] 2d-state,[7] l-state,[7] E-state,[8] and the F-state.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[9] The most reliable of these potential energy curves are of the Morse/Long-range variety (see entries in the table below).[2][3][6][4][5]
Li2 potentials are often used to extract atomic properties. For example, the C3 value for atomic lithium extracted from the A-state potential of Li2 by Le Roy et al. in [2] is more precise than any previously measured atomic oscillator strength.[10] This lithium oscillator strength is related to the radiative lifetime of atomic lithium and is used as a benchmark for atomic clocks and measurements of fundamental constants.
| Electronic state | Spectroscopic symbolScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | Term symbol | Bond length (pm) | Dissociation energy (cm−1) | Bound vibrational levels | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Ground) | X | 11Σg+ | Template:Decimal cell[2] | Template:Decimal cell[2] | 39[2] | [2] | ||
| 2 | a | 13Σu+ | Template:Decimal cell[3] | Template:Decimal cell[3] | 11[3] | [3] | ||
| 3 | b | 13Πu | [7] | |||||
| 4 | A | 11Σg+ | Template:Decimal cell[2] | Template:Decimal cell[2] | 118[2] | [2] | ||
| 5 | c | 13Σg+ | Template:Decimal cell[3] | Template:Decimal cell[3] | 104[3] | |||
| 6 | B | 11Πu | Template:Decimal cell[6] | Template:Decimal cell[6] | 118[6] | |||
| 7 | E | 3(?)1Σg+ | [8] | |||||
See also
References
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- ↑ Chemical Bonding, Mark J. Winter, Oxford University Press, 1994, Template:ISBN
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- ↑ a b W. Gunton, M. Semczuk, N. S. Dattani, K. W. Madison, High resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 A-state, https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.5870
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Further reading
Template:Lithium compounds Script error: No such module "navbox".