Hair-crested drongo
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The hair-crested drongo (Dicrurus hottentottus) is an Asian bird of the family Dicruridae. This species was formerly considered conspecific with Dicrurus bracteatus, for which the name "spangled drongo" – formerly used for both – is now usually reserved. Some authorities include the Sumatran drongo (D. sumatranus) in D. hottentottus as subspecies.[1]
It is native from Bangladesh,[2] India, and Bhutan through Indochina to China, Indonesia, and Brunei.[2] Hair-crested drongos move in small flocks and are very noisy. The "spangled drongo", Dicrurus bracteatus, is native on the east coast of Australia and its name is pejorative slang for a silly person. This may be due to its strange chattering and cackling.[3]
Taxonomy
In 1760, French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the hair-crested drongo in his Ornithologie based on a specimen that he mistakenly believed had been collected from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. He used the French name Le choucas du Cap de Bonne Espérance and the Latin Monedula Capitis Bonae Spei.[4] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[5] When in 1766, Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the 12th edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[5] One of these was the hair-crested drongo. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Corvus hottentottus and cited Brisson's work.[6] The type locality was subsequently corrected to Chandannagar in West Bengal.[7] The specific name hottentottus is from "Hottentot", a term formerly used for the Khoikhoi, a nomadic pastoral people of southwest Africa.[8] This species is now placed in the genus Dicrurus that was introduced for the drongos by French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816.[9]
Twelve subspecies are currently recognised, although some have been proposed as separate species:[10][11]
- D. h. hottentottus (Linnaeus, 1766)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – India, central Myanmar and southern Indochina
- D. h. brevirostris (Cabanis, 1851)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – central and southern [China, northern Myanmar, and northern Indochina
- D. h. borneensis (Sharpe, 1879)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Bornean spangled drongo) – Borneo and Maratua IslandTemplate:Efn
- D. h. guillemardi (Salvadori, 1890)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Obi spangled drongo) – Obi Islands, North MalukuTemplate:Efn
- D. h. pectoralis Wallace, 1863Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Sula spangled drongo) – Sula Island, PhilippinesTemplate:Efn
- D. h. suluensis Hartert, 1902Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Sulu spangled drongo) – Sulu Archipelago, southwest PhilippinesTemplate:Efn
- D. h. viridinitens (Salvadori, 1894)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Mentawai Spangled Drongo) – Mentawai Islands, western Sumatra;Template:Efn
- D. h. banggaiensis Vaurie, 1952Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Banggai Islands, eastern Sulawesi;Template:Efn
- D. h. leucops Wallace, 1865Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Sulawesi and nearby islands;Template:Efn
- D. h. faberi Hoogerwerf, 1962Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Panaitan Island in western JavaTemplate:Efn
- D. h. jentincki (Vorderman, 1893)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Bali, eastern Java and some islands in the Java SeaTemplate:Efn
- D. h. termeuleni (Finsch, 1907)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Seribu Islands and islands in Jakarta Bay, northern JavaTemplate:Efn
Notes: Template:Notelist
Several other former subspecies are now recognised as separate species or subspecies of other species in the species complex, the Tablas drongo (Dicrurus menagei) and the Palawan drongo (Dicrurus palawanensis, including subspecies cuyensis).
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". See also this more specific page.
- ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Complete Book of Australian Birds, Reader's Digest. 1977.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Template:BioRef
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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