Denominal verb
Template:Short description Template:Refimprove Script error: No such module "Side box". In grammar, denominal verbs are verbs derived from nouns.[1] Many languages have regular morphological indicators to create denominal verbs.
English
English examples are to school, from school, meaning to instruct; to shelve, from shelf, meaning to put on shelves; and to symbolize, from symbol, meaning to be a symbol for.
Some common denominalizing affixes in English are -ize/-ise (e.g., summarize), -ify (e.g., classify), -ate (e.g., granulate), en- (e.g., enslave), be- (e.g., behead), and zero or -∅ (e.g., school).[2]
A variety of semantic relations are expressed between the base noun X and the derived verb. Although there is no simple relationship between the affix and the semantic relation,[2] there are semantic regularities that can define certain subclasses. [3] Such subclasses include:[1][4][5]
- resultative: to make something into an X, e.g., victimize, cash
- locative: to put something in X, e.g., box, hospitalize
- instrumental: to use X, e.g., sponge, hammer
- ablative: to remove something from X, e.g., deplane, unsaddle
- privative: to remove X from something, e.g., pit (olives), behead, bone, defrost
- ornative: to add X to something or to cover something with X, e.g., rubberize, salt
- similative: to act like or resemble X, e.g., tyrannize, guard
- performative: to do or perform X, e.g., botanize, tango
Rgyalrong
In Rgyalrong languages, denominal derivations are extremely developed and have given rise to incorporating and antipassive constructions.[6][7]
Latin
Many Latin verbs are denominal.[8] For example, the first conjugation verb nominare (to name) is derived from nomen (a name),[8] and the fourth conjugation verb mollire (to soften) derives from the adjective mollis (soft).[9]
Hebrew
Denominal verb derivation is highly productive in Hebrew. They are derived from denominal roots and mostly get a set of Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "lang". and Script error: No such module "lang". binyans, but can accept others as well. Only active Script error: No such module "lang". binyan is shown here:
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - computer) -> Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - computerize);
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - digit/digital) -> Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - digitize);
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - extract, summary) -> Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - summarize);
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - map) -> Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - map).
Some roots derive verbs from more than one binyan set:
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - place) -> Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - place, locate), Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "lang". - localize).
See also
- Deverbal noun, where the noun is formed from the verb.
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Carolyn A. Gottfurcht, Denominal Verb Formation in English, Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 2008 full text
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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