Demographics of Israel
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The demographics of Israel, monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, encompass various attributes that define the nation's populace. Since its establishment in 1948, Israel has witnessed significant changes in its demographics. Formed as a homeland for the Jewish people, Israel has attracted Jewish immigrants from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics defines the population of Israel as including Jews living in all of the West Bank and Palestinians in East Jerusalem but excluding Palestinians anywhere in the rest of the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and foreign workers anywhere in Israel. As of December 2023, this calculation stands at approximately 9,842,000 of whom:
- 73.2% (about 7,208,000 people) are Jews, including about 503,000 living outside the self-defined borders of the State of Israel in the West Bank
- 21.1% (around 2,080,000 people) are Israeli citizens classified as Arab, some identifying as Palestinian, and including Druze, Circassians, all other Muslims, Christian Arabs, Armenians (which Israel considers "Arab")[1]
- An additional 5.7% (roughly 554,000 people) are classified as "others". This diverse group comprises those with Jewish ancestry but not recognized as Jewish by religious law, non-Jewish family members of Jewish immigrants, Christians other than Arabs and Armenians, and residents without a distinct ethnic or religious categorization.[1][2]
Israel's annual population growth rate stood at 2.0% in 2015, more than three times faster than the OECD average of around 0.6%.[3] With an average of three children per woman, Israel also has the highest fertility rate in the OECD by a considerable margin and much higher than the OECD average of 1.7.[4]
Definitions
The definition of what constitutes the population of Israel varies depending on which territories are counted and which population groups are counted in each territory.
The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) definition of the Area of the State of Israel:[5]
- includes East Jerusalem since 1967, which Israel unilaterally annexed
- includes the Golan Heights since 1982, which Israel unilaterally annexed
- excludes the West Bank other than East Jerusalem
The CBS' definition of the Population of Israel, however:[6]
- includes non-Israeli Palestinians (as well as Israeli Arabs/Palestinians) in East Jerusalem who have permission to live there
- includes Israeli settlers and others with Israeli residency permits living in the Area C of West Bank
- excludes Palestinian/Arab/other residents of Area C and East Jerusalem who do not have Israeli citizenship or residence
- excludes persons who are not registered (from 2008 on) and/or entered illegally, and foreign workers.
Population
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Total population
Template:Data Israel[7] (most currentTemplate:As of? update from the Israeli Central Bureau for Statistics, via live feed)
Note: includes over 200,000 Israelis and 250,000 Arabs in East Jerusalem, about 421,400 Jewish settlers on the West Bank, and about 42,000 in the Golan Heights (July 2007 estimate). Does not include Arab populations in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Does not include 222,000 foreigners living in the country.[8]
| Region & Status |
By citizenship | Total Population |
Year Source |
By ethnoreligious group | Area (km2) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israeli citizen | Total Israelis | Year Source |
Palestinian non-Israeli- citizens |
Year | Jewish | Arab | Other | |||||
| Jews and Other |
Arab citizens of Israel | |||||||||||
| Green Line | 6,971,191 | 1,689,018 | 8,660,209 | 2021/ -3/-4 [10] |
0 | 8,660,209 | 2021/ -3/-4 [9] |
6,422,761 74% |
1,689,018 20% |
554,000 6% |
20,582 [9] | |
| Golan Heights
Per Israel: annexed |
27,000 | 26,000 | 53,000 Jews 27,000 Druze 24,000 Alawite 2,000 |
2021 [15] |
0 | 2021 [15] |
53,000 | 2021 [15] |
27,000 | 26,000 | 0 | 1,154 |
| East Jerusalem
Per Israel: Annexed |
240,832 | ~18,982 | 259,814 | 2021 [16] |
351,570 | 2021 [16] |
611,384 | 2021 [16] |
240,832 | 370,552 of which Arab citizens of Israel ~18,982 |
0 | 336 [17] |
| Area of the State of Israel as per CBS definition | 22,072 | |||||||||||
| West Bank Area C (Full Israeli control) Israelis | 517,407 | 0 | 517,407 | 1/2024 [18][19] |
not counted in population of Israel | 2019 [20][21] |
517,407 | 1/2024 | 517,407 | not counted in population of Israel |
0 | 200 [17] |
| Population of Israel as per CBS definition | 7,756,430 | 1,734,000 | 9,490,430 | ~351,570 East Jerusalem Palestinians |
9,842,000 | 2023 [2] |
7,208,000 | 2,080,000 PCI* 1,734,000 Non-PCI ~346,000 |
554,000 | 25,650 | ||
| Area C Palestinians | counted in row above | 0 | counted in row above | 300,000 | 2019 [20][21] |
300,000 | 2019 | 300,000 | 0 | |||
| West Bank Areas A & B
(Under Palestinian civil administration) |
0 | 2,464,566 | 2023 [22] |
2,464,566 | 2023 [22] |
0 | 2,464,566 | 0 | 2,808 [23] | |||
| Gaza Strip
(Under partial Palestinian administration) |
0 | 2,226,544 | mid- 2023 [22] |
2,226,544 | mid- 2023 [22] |
0 | 2,226,544 | 0 | 365 | |||
| Israel and Israeli-occupied territories | 14,833,110 | Sum | 7,208,000 48.6% |
7,071,000 47.7% Arab citizens of Israel: 1,734,000 11.7%, Palestinian non-citizen: 5,337,110 36.0% |
554,000 3.7% |
28,823 | ||||||
Density
Geographic deployment, as of 2018:
- Central District: 24.5% (2,196,100)
- Tel Aviv District: 15.9% (1,427,200)
- Northern District: 16.2% (1,448,100)
- Southern District: 14.5% (1,302,000)
- Haifa District: 11.5% (1,032,800)
- Jerusalem District: 12.6% (1,133,700)
- Judea and Samaria Area (West Bank) (Israelis only): 4.8% (427,800)
Population growth rate
- 2.0% (2016)
During the 1990s, the Jewish population growth rate was about 3% per year, as a result of massive immigration to Israel, primarily from the republics of the former Soviet Union. There is also a very high population growth rate among certain Jewish groups, especially adherents of Orthodox Judaism. The growth rate of the Arab population in Israel is 2.2%, while the growth rate of the Jewish population in Israel is 1.8%. The growth rate of the Arab population has slowed from 3.8% in 1999 to 2.2% in 2013, and for the Jewish population, the growth rate declined from 2.7% to its lowest rate of 1.4% in 2005. Due to a rise in fertility of the Jewish population since 1995 and immigration, the growth rate has since risen to 1.8%.[24]
Fertility
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that an average woman would have, in her lifetime.
- 3.01 children born/woman (2019)
Jewish total fertility rate increased by 10.2% during 1998–2009, and was recorded at 2.90 during 2009. During the same time period, Arab TFR decreased by 20.5%. Muslim TFR was measured at 3.73 for 2009, and 2.9 for 2022.[27]
In 2000, the Jewish and Arab TFRs in Jerusalem were 3.79 and 4.43 respectively. By 2009, the Jewish TFR in Jerusalem was measured higher than the Arab TFR (2010: 4.26 vs 3.85, 2009: 4.16 vs 3.87). As of 2021, the Jewish and Arab TFRs in Jerusalem were 4.4 and 3.1 respectively.[28] TFR for Arab residents in the West Bank was measured at 2.91 in 2013,[29] while that for the Jewish residents was reported at 5.10 children per woman.[30]
The ethnic group with highest recorded TFR is the Bedouin of Negev. Their TFR was reported at 10.06 in 1998, and 5.73 in 2009. TFR is also very high among Haredi Jews. For Ashkenazi Haredim, the TFR rose from 6.91 in 1980 to 8.51 in 1996. The figure for 2008 is estimated to be even higher. TFR for Sephardi/Mizrahi Haredim rose from 4.57 in 1980 to 6.57 in 1996.[31] In 2020 the overall Jewish TFR in Israel (3.00) was for the first time measured higher than Arab Muslim TFR (2.99).
As of 2022, the fertility rates in Israeli cities dominated by specific demographic groups were: Haredi 6.1, Bedouin 4.4, Jewish non-Haredi 2.4, Arab 2.2, Druze 1.8.[27]
| Year | Jews | Muslims | Christians | Druze | Others | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2.66 | 4.74 | 2.55 | 3.07 | 2.95 | |
| 2001 | 2.59 | 4.71 | 2.46 | 3.02 | 2.89 | |
| 2002 | 2.64 | 4.58 | 2.29 | 2.77 | 2.89 | |
| 2003 | 2.73 | 4.50 | 2.31 | 2.85 | 2.95 | |
| 2004 | 2.71 | 4.36 | 2.13 | 2.66 | 1.47 | 2.90 |
| 2005 | 2.69 | 4.03 | 2.15 | 2.59 | 1.49 | 2.84 |
| 2006 | 2.75 | 3.97 | 2.14 | 2.64 | 1.55 | 2.88 |
| 2007 | 2.80 | 3.90 | 2.13 | 2.49 | 1.49 | 2.90 |
| 2008 | 2.88 | 3.84 | 2.11 | 2.49 | 1.57 | 2.96 |
| 2009 | 2.90 | 3.73 | 2.15 | 2.49 | 1.56 | 2.96 |
| 2010 | 2.97 | 3.75 | 2.14 | 2.48 | 1.64 | 3.03 |
| 2011 | 2.98 | 3.51 | 2.19 | 2.33 | 1.75 | 3.00 |
| 2012 | 3.04 | 3.54 | 2.17 | 2.26 | 1.68 | 3.05 |
| 2013 | 3.05 | 3.35 | 2.13 | 2.21 | 1.68 | 3.03 |
| 2014 | 3.11 | 3.35 | 2.27 | 2.20 | 1.72 | 3.08 |
| 2015 | 3.13 | 3.32 | 2.12 | 2.19 | 1.72 | 3.09 |
| 2016 | 3.16 | 3.29 | 2.05 | 2.21 | 1.64 | 3.11 |
| 2017 | 3.16 | 3.37 | 1.93 | 2.10 | 1.58 | 3.11 |
| 2018 | 3.17 | 3.20 | 2.06 | 2.16 | 1.54 | 3.09 |
| 2019 | 3.09 | 3.16 | 1.80 | 2.02 | 1.45 | 3.01 |
| 2020 | 3.00 | 2.99 | 1.85 | 1.94 | 1.35 | 2.90 |
| 2021 | 3.13 | 3.01 | 1.77 | 2.00 | 1.39 | 3.00 |
| 2022 | 3.03 | 2.91 | 1.68 | 1.85 | 1.26 | 2.89 |
| 2023 | 3.01 | 2.85 | 1.65 | 1.75 | 1.20 | 2.85 |
| 2024[32] | 3.06 | 2.75 | 1.61 | 1.66 | 1.13 | 2.87 |
| 2025[33] | 3.08 | 2.76 | 1.62 | 1.69 | 1.14 | 2.86 |
| Year | Jews | Muslims | Christians | Druze | Others | Total |
Birth rate
2021 :
- Total: 19.7 births/1,000 population
- Jews and others: 19.1 births/1,000 population
- Muslims: 23.4 births/1,000 population
- Christians: 13.3 births/1,000 population
- Druze: 15.8 births/1,000 population
Births, in absolute numbers, by mother's religion[34]
| Year | Jewish | Muslim | Christian | Druze | others | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| 1996 | 83,710 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 30,802 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,678 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,682 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,461 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 121,333 |
| 2000 | 91,936 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 35,740 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,789 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,708 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 3,217 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 136,390 |
| 2005 | 100,657 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 34,217 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,487 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,533 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,019 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 143,913 |
| 2006 | 104,513 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 34,337 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,500 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,601 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,219 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 148,170 |
| 2007 | 107,986 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 34,572 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,521 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,510 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,090 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 151,679 |
| 2008 | 112,803 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 34,860 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,511 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,534 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,215 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 156,923 |
| 2009 | 116,599 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 35,253 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,514 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,517 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,159 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 161,042 |
| 2010 | 120,673 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 36,221 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,511 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,535 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,306 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 166,255 |
| 2011 | 121,520 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 35,247 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,596 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,469 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,457 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 166,296 |
| 2012 | 125,409 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 36,041 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,610 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,371 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,492 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 170,940 |
| 2013 | 126,999 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 34,927 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,602 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,350 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,561 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 171,444 |
| 2014 | 130,576 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 35,965 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,814 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,366 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,697 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 176,427 |
| 2015 | 132,220 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 36,659 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,669 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,376 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,792 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 178,723 |
| 2016 | 134,100 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 37,592 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,613 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,446 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,652 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 181,405 |
| 2017 | 134,630 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 39,550 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,504 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,350 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,609 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 183,648 |
| 2018 | 135,809 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 38,757 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,721 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,434 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,639 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 184,370 |
| 2019 | 133,243 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 39,525 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,409 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,298 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,532 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 182,016 |
| 2020 | 129,884 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 38,388 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,497 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,239 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,290 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 177,307 |
| 2021 | 136,120 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 39,703 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,434 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,339 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,432 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 185,040 |
| 2022 | 132,753 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 39,685 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,343 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,186 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4,219 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 181,193 |
| 2023 | 131,143 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 39,303 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,193 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,088 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 3,997 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 178,724 |
| 2024 | 134,408 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 39,372 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,116 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,994 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 3,719 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 181,609 |
| Jewish | Muslim | Christian | Druze | others | total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| 2024 | 122,291 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 36,258 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,964 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,841 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 3,312 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 165,666 |
| 2025 | 123,209 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 36,848 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,912 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,869 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 3,149 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 166,987 |
Between the mid-1980s and 2000, the fertility rate in the Muslim sector was stable at 4.6–4.7 children per woman; after 2001, a gradual decline became evident, reaching 3.51 children per woman in 2011. By point of comparison, in 2011, there was a rising fertility rate of 2.98 children among the Jewish population.
Before 1950
| Years | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934[36] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Israel | 4.38 | 4.39 | 4.40 | 4.41 | 4.41 | 4.42 | 4.36 | 4.30 | 4.25 | 4.19 |
| Years | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944[36] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Israel | 4.13 | 3.93 | 3.74 | 3.54 | 3.34 | 3.15 | 3.32 | 3.49 | 3.66 | 3.84 |
| Years | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949[36] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Israel | 4.01 | 4.11 | 4.21 | 4.32 | 4.42 |
Life expectancy
As of 2019:
- Total population: 82.8 years
- Male: 81 years
- Female: 84.7 years[37]
| Period | Life expectancy | Period | Life expectancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 68.9 | 1985–1990 | 75.9 |
| 1955–1960 | 70.0 | 1990–1995 | 77.2 |
| 1960–1965 | 71.0 | 1995–2000 | 78.3 |
| 1965–1970 | 71.8 | 2000–2005 | 79.6 |
| 1970–1975 | 72.6 | 2005–2010 | 80.9 |
| 1975–1980 | 73.5 | 2010–2015 | 81.9 |
| 1980–1985 | 74.6 |
Infant mortality rate
- Total: 4.03 deaths/1,000 live births
- Male: 4.20 deaths/1,000 live births
- Female: 3.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Age structure
The table shows population estimates by sex and age group, as of July 1, 2019. It includes data for East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967. Data refer to Israeli citizens and permanent residents who are listed in the Population Register.[39]
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 4,494,051 | 4,559,975 | 9,054,026 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 0–4 | 469 807 | 444 266 | 914 073 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 5–9 | 441 977 | 419 861 | 861 838 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 10–14 | 396 165 | 376 914 | 773 079 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 15–19 | 365 754 | 349 118 | 714 872 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 20–24 | 331 474 | 319 040 | 650 514 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 25–29 | 312 165 | 304 844 | 617 009 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 30–34 | 299 747 | 298 768 | 598 515 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 35–39 | 289 123 | 292 026 | 581 149 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 40–44 | 277 424 | 282 277 | 559 701 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 45–49 | 251 526 | 257 539 | 509 065 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 50–54 | 210 803 | 217 399 | 428 202 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 55–59 | 191 364 | 204 826 | 396 191 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 60–64 | 178 062 | 196 878 | 374 940 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 65–69 | 166 374 | 188 225 | 354 598 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 70–74 | 131 622 | 154 117 | 285 739 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 75–79 | 73 046 | 91 752 | 164 798 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 80–84 | 58 830 | 81 606 | 140 436 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 85–89 | 31 038 | 48 194 | 79 233 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 90–94 | 12 882 | 23 779 | 36 661 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 95–99 | 3 434 | 6 783 | 10 216 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 100+ | 1 432 | 1 765 | 3 197 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 1,307,949 | 1,241,041 | 2,548,990 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 15–64 | 2,707,444 | 2,722,713 | 5,430,157 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| 65+ | 478 658 | 596 221 | 1,074,879 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Group | 0–14 years | 15–64 years | 65+ years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Jews | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Arabs | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
Median age
| Overall | Jewish | Arabs |
|---|---|---|
| 29.7 | 31.6 | 21.1 |
The Jewish median age in Jerusalem district and the West Bank are 24.9 and 19.7, respectively, and both account for 16% of the Jewish population, but 24% of 0- to 4-year-olds. The lowest median age in Israel, and one of the lowest in the world, is found in two of the West Bank's biggest Jewish cities: Modi'in Illit (11), Beitar Illit (11)[40] followed by Bedouin towns in the Negev (15.2).[41]
Cities
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Within Israel's system of local government, an urban municipality can be granted a city council by the Israeli Interior Ministry when its population exceeds 20,000.[42] The term "city" does not generally refer to local councils or urban agglomerations, even though a defined city often contains only a small portion of an urban area or metropolitan area's population. Template:Largest cities of Israel
Ethnic and religious groups
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Statistics
| Group | Population | Proportion of total | Areas included | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Line Israel |
Golan Heights |
East Jerusalem |
Rest of West Bank |
Gaza Strip | |||
| Jews | 7,181,000 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | yes | yes | yes | yes | n/a |
| Arabs | 2,065,000 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| Other | 549,000 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | yes | yes | yes | n/a | n/a |
| Total | 9,795,000 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | all | all | all | Jews only | no |
| Natural region | Total population | Jews and Others | Arabs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | ||
| Judean Mountains | 991,503 | 629,659 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 361,844 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Judean Foothills | 142,152 | 141,704 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 448 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Hula Valley | 41,076 | 40,173 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 903 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Eastern Upper Galilee | 54,327 | 48,364 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 5,963 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Hazor Region | 24,097 | 17,362 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 6,735 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Central Lower Galilee | 1,716 | 1,715 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Kinerot | 61,247 | 58,783 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,464 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Eastern Lower Galilee | 51,660 | 19,600 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 32,060 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Bet She'an Valley | 31,641 | 31,467 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 174 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Harod Valley | 11,741 | 9,835 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,906 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Kokhav Plateau | 13,765 | 3,511 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 10,254 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Yizre'el Valley | 83,632 | 75,771 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 7,861 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Yoqne'am Region | 36,964 | 36,936 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 28 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Menashe Plateau | 5,998 | 5,994 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 4 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Nazareth-Tir'an Mountains | 336,405 | 75,033 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 261,372 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Shefar'am Region | 221,921 | 12,247 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 209,674 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Karmi'el Region | 119,002 | 50,840 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 68,162 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Yehi'am Region | 101,383 | 34,352 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 67,031 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Elon Region | 20,616 | 9,357 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 11,259 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Nahariyya Region | 104,177 | 74,904 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 29,273 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Akko Region | 76,186 | 39,736 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 36,450 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Hermon Region | 13,239 | 131 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 13,108 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Northern Golan | 16,520 | 3,735 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 12,785 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Middle Golan | 11,167 | 11,089 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 78 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Southern Golan | 9,636 | 9,627 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 9 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Haifa Region | 583,443 | 516,228 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 67,215 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Karmel Coast | 32,356 | 19,061 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 13,295 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Zikhron Ya'aqov Region | 28,488 | 28,071 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 417 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Alexander Mountain | 139,820 | 13,163 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 126,657 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Hadera Region | 248,666 | 191,627 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 57,039 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Western Sharon | 362,045 | 360,729 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,316 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Eastern Sharon | 115,401 | 16,552 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 98,849 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Southern Sharon | 283,513 | 273,306 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 10,207 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Petah Tikva Region | 470,779 | 443,527 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 27,252 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Modi'in Region | 102,151 | 102,124 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 27 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Ramla Region | 249,540 | 208,404 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 41,136 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Rehovot Region | 304,397 | 303,638 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 759 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Rishon LeZiyyon Region | 308,234 | 307,989 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 245 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Tel Aviv Region | 595,797 | 575,204 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 20,593 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Ramat Gan Region | 495,084 | 494,432 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 652 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Holon Region | 336,286 | 335,175 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 1,111 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Mal'akhi Region | 62,064 | 61,800 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 264 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Lakhish Region | 71,416 | 71,345 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 71 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Ashdod Region | 224,629 | 224,328 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 301 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Ashqelon Region | 193,136 | 192,594 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 542 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Gerar Region | 56,110 | 56,065 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 45 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Besor Region | 52,014 | 51,737 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 277 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Be'er Sheva Region | 518,798 | 258,777 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 260,021 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Dead Sea Region | 1,283 | 1,254 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 29 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Arava Region | 58,916 | 56,543 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 2,373 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Northern Negev Mountain | 62,673 | 55,710 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 6,963 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Southern Negev Mountain | 937 | 920 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 17 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Judea and Samaria Area (non-Israeli Arabs not included) | 427,847 | 426,925 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | 922 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
The most prominent ethnic and religious groups that live in Israel at present and that are Israeli citizens or nationals are as follows:
Jews
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According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2008, of Israel's 7.3 million people, 75.6 percent were Jews of any background.[45] Among them, 70.3 percent were Sabras (born in Israel), mostly second- or third-generation Israelis, and the rest are olim (Jewish immigrants to Israel)—20.5 percent from Europe and the Americas, and 9.2 percent from Asia and Africa, including the Arab countries.[46]
According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, in April 2023, of Israel's 9.7 million people, 73.5 percent, or 7.145 million, were Jews of any background.[47]
There are no government statistics categorizing Israeli Jews as "Ashkenazi", "Mizrahi", etc, but studies and estimates have been conducted.[48][49] In a 2019 study, in a sample meant to be representative of the Israeli Jewish population, about 44.9% percent of Israel's Jewish population were categorized as Mizrahi (defined as having grandparents born in Asia or North Africa), 31.8% were categorized as Ashkenazi (defined as having grandparents born in Europe, the Americas, Oceania and South Africa), 12.4% as "Soviet" (defined as having progenitors who came from the ex-USSR in 1989 or later), about 3% as Beta Israel (Ethiopia) and 7.9% as a mix of these, or other Jewish groups.[50]
The paternal lineage of the Jewish population of Israel as of 2015 is as follows:
| Countries of Origin | Population | Percentage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share | 2015[51] | 2008[46] | Share | 2015 | 2008 | |
| Total | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 6,276,800 | 5,523,700 | - Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
<templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| From Israel by paternal country of origin: | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2,765,500 | 2,043,800 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| From Europe by own or paternal country of origin: | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 1,648,000 | 1,662,800 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the former Soviet Union | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 891,700 | 923,600 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Romania | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 199,400 | 213,100 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Poland | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 185,400 | 198,500 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| France | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 87,500 | 63,200 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Germany and Austria | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 70,800 | 49,700 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 59,800 | 64,900 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| United Kingdom | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 46,000 | 39,800 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Bulgaria and Greece | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 45,500 | 48,900 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Other European | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 61,900 | 61,100 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| From Africa by own or paternal country of origin: | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 897,300 | 859,100 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Morocco | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 484,500 | 486,600 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Algeria and Tunisia | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 133,500 | 120,600 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Ethiopia | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 133,200 | 106,900 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Libya | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 66,800 | 67,400 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Egypt | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 54,600 | 55,800 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Other African | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 24,700 | 17,200 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| From Asia by own or paternal country of origin: | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 674,500 | 681,400 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Iraq | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 225,800 | 233,500 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Iran (Persia) | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 140,100 | 134,700 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Yemen | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 134,100 | 138,300 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Turkey | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 74,600 | 76,900 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| India and Pakistan | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 47,600 | 45,600 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Syria and Lebanon | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 34,500 | 35,300 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Other Asian | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 18,000 | 17,200 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| From the Americas and Oceania by own or paternal country of origin: | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 291,500 | 249,800 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 181,000 | 149,200 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Argentina | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 62,600 | 59,400 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Other Latin American | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 47,900 | 41,200 | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
Arabs
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Arab citizens of Israel are those Arab residents of Mandatory Palestine that remained within Israel's borders following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the establishment of the State of Israel. It is including those born within the state borders subsequent to this time, as well as those who had left during the establishment of the state (or their descendants), who have since re-entered by means accepted as lawful residence by the Israeli state (primarily family reunifications).
In 2019, the official number of Arab residents in Israel was 1,890,000 people, representing 21% of Israel's population.[52] This figure includes 209,000 Arabs (14% of the Israeli Arab population) in East Jerusalem, also counted in the Palestinian statistics, although 98 percent of East Jerusalem Palestinians have either Israeli residency or Israeli citizenship.[53]
Arab Muslims
Most Arab citizens of Israel are Muslim, particularly of the Sunni branch of Islam. A small minority are Ahmadiyya sect and there are also some Alawites (affiliated with Shia Islam) in the northernmost village of Ghajar with Israeli citizenship. As of 2019, Arab citizens of Israel composed 21 percent of the country's total population.[52] About 82 percent of the Arab population in Israel are Sunni Muslims, a very small minority are Shia Muslims, another 9 percent are Druze, and around 9 percent are Christian (mostly Eastern Orthodox and Catholic denominations).
BedouinScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Arab Muslim citizens of Israel include also the Bedouins, who are divided into two main groups: the Bedouin in the north of Israel, who live in villages and towns for the most part, and the Bedouin in the Negev, who include half-nomadic and inhabitants of towns and Unrecognized villages. According to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as of 1999, 110,000 Bedouins live in the Negev, 50,000 in the Galilee and 10,000 in the central region of Israel.[54] The vast majority of Arab Bedouins of Israel practice Sunni Islam.
Ahmadiyya
The Ahmadiyya community was first established in the region in the 1920s, in what was then Mandatory Palestine. There is a large community in Kababir, a neighborhood on Mount Carmel in Haifa.[55][56] It is unknown how many Israeli Ahmadis there are, although it is estimated there are about 2,200 Ahmadis in Kababir alone.[57]
Arab Christians
As of December 2013, about 161,000 Israeli citizens practiced Christianity, together comprising about 2% of the total population.[58] The largest group consists of Melkites (about 60% of Israel's Christians), followed by the Greek Orthodox (about 30%), with the remaining ca. 10% spread between the Roman Catholic (Latin), Maronite, Anglican, Lutheran, Armenian, Syriac, Ethiopian, Coptic and other denominations.[58]
DruzeScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Arab citizens of Israel include also the Druze, who numbered at an estimated 143,000 in April 2019.[59] All of the Druze living in what was then British Mandate Palestine became Israeli citizens after the declaration of the State of Israel. Druze serve prominently in the Israel Defense Forces, and are represented in mainstream Israeli politics and business as well, unlike Muslim or Christian Arabs who are not required to and generally choose not to serve in the Israeli army. Though a few individuals identify themselves as "Palestinian Druze",[60] the vast majority of Druze do not consider themselves to be 'Palestinian', and consider their Israeli identity stronger than their Arab identity. A 2017 Pew Research Center poll reported that the majority of the Israeli Druze identified as ethnically Arab.[61]
Syriac Christians
ArameansScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 2014, Israel decided to recognize the Aramaic community within its borders as a national minority, allowing some of the Christians in Israel to be registered as "Aramean" instead of "Arab".[62] As of October 2014, some 600 Israelis requested to be registered as Arameans, with several thousand eligible for the status – mostly members of the Maronite community with some Assyrians as well.
The Maronite Christian community in Israel of around 7,000 resides mostly in the Galilee, with a presence in Haifa, Nazareth and Jerusalem. It is largely composed of families that lived in Upper Galilee in villages such as Jish long before the establishment of Israel in 1948. In the year 2000, the community was joined by a group of Lebanese SLA militia members and their families, who fled Lebanon after 2000 withdrawal of IDF from South Lebanon.
AssyriansScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". There are around 1,000 Assyrians living in Israel, mostly in Jerusalem and Nazareth. Assyrians are an Aramaic speaking, Eastern Rite Christian minority who are descended from the ancient Mesopotamians. The old Syriac Orthodox monastery of Saint Mark lies in Jerusalem. Other than followers of the Syriac Orthodox Church, there are also followers of the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church living in Israel.
Other citizens
Copts
Some 1,000 Israeli citizens belong to the Coptic community, originating in Egypt.
SamaritansScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Samaritans are an ethnoreligious group of the Levant. Ancestrally, they claim descent from a group of Israelite inhabitants who have connections to ancient Samaria from the beginning of the Babylonian Exile up to the beginning of the Common Era. 2007 population estimates show that 712 Samaritans live half in Holon, Israel and half at Mount Gerizim in the West Bank. The Holon community holds Israeli citizenship, while the Gerizim community resides at an Israeli-controlled enclave, holding dual Israeli-Palestinian citizenship.
ArmeniansScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". About 4,000 Armenians reside in Israel mostly in Jerusalem (including in the Armenian Quarter), but also in Tel Aviv, Haifa and Jaffa. Armenians have a Patriarchate in Jerusalem and churches in Jerusalem, Haifa and Jaffa. Although Armenians of Old Jerusalem have Israeli identity cards, they are officially holders of Jordanian passports.[63]
CircassiansScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
In Israel, there are also a few thousand Circassians, living mostly in Kfar Kama (2,000) and Reyhaniye (1,000).[64] These two villages were a part of a greater group of Circassian villages around the Golan Heights. The Circassians in Israel enjoy, like Druzes, a status aparte. Male Circassians (at their leader's request) are mandated for military service, while females are not.
People from post-Soviet states
Ethnic Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians, immigrants from the former Soviet Union, who were eligible to emigrate due to having, or being married to somebody who has, at least one Jewish grandparent and thus qualified for Israeli citizenship under the revised Law of Return. A number of these immigrants also belong to various ethnic groups from the Former Soviet Union such as Armenians, Georgians, Azeris, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Tatars, among others. Some of them, having a Jewish father or grandfather, identify as Jews, but being non-Jewish by Orthodox Halakha (religious law), they are not recognized formally as Jews by the state. Most of them are in the mainstream of Israel culture and are called "expanded Jewish population". In addition, a certain number of former Soviet citizens, primarily women of Russian and Ukrainian ethnicity, emigrated to Israel, after marrying Muslim or Christian Arab citizens of Israel, who went to study in the former Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s. 1,557,698 people from the current Russia and Ukraine live in Israel.[65]
Finns
Although most people of Finnish origin in Israel are Finnish Jews who immigrated to Israel, and their descendants, a small number of Finnish Christians moved to Israel in the 1940s before independence and gained citizenship following independence. For the most part, many of the original Finnish settlers intermarried with the other communities in the country, and therefore remain very small in number. A Moshav shitufi near Jerusalem named Yad HaShmona, meaning the "Memorial for the Eight", was established in 1971 by a group of Finnish Christian-Israelis, although today, most members are Israeli, and are predominantly Hebrew speakers, and the moshav has become a center of Messianic Jews.[66][67]
Baháʼís
The population of followers of the Baháʼí Faith in Israel is almost entirely made up of volunteers serving at the Baháʼí World Centre. Bahá'u'lláh (1817–1892), the Faith's founder, was banished to Akka and died nearby where his shrine is located. During his lifetime he instructed his followers not to teach or convert those living in the area, and the Baháʼís descending from those original immigrants were later asked to leave and teach elsewhere. For nearly a century there has been a policy by Baháʼí leaders to not accept converts living in Israel. The 650 or so foreign national Baháʼís living in Israel are almost all on temporary duty serving at the shrines and administrative offices.[68][69][70]
Vietnamese
The number of Vietnamese people in Israel and their descendants is estimated at 150 to 200.[71] Most of them came to Israel in between 1976 and 1979, after prime minister Menachem Begin authorized their admission to Israel and granted them political asylum. The Vietnamese people living in Israel are Israeli citizens who also serve in the Israel Defense Forces. Today, the majority of the community lives in the Gush Dan area in the center of Tel Aviv, but also a few dozen Vietnamese-Israelis or Israelis of Vietnamese origin live in Haifa, Jerusalem, and Ofakim.
African Hebrew Israelites of JerusalemScript error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem is a religious sect[72] of Black Americans, founded in 1960 by Ben Carter[73][74] a metal worker in Chicago. The members of this sect believe they are descended from the tribes of Judah driven from the Holy Land by the Romans during the First Jewish War (70 AD), and who reportedly emigrated to West Africa before being taken as slaves to the United States.[73][75] With a population of over 5,000, most members live in their own community in Dimona, Israel, with additional families in Arad, Mitzpe Ramon, and the Tiberias area. The group believes that the ancient Israelites are the ancestors of Black Americans and that the actual Jews are "impostors".[76] Some scholarship does consider them to be of subsaharan African origin, rather than Levantine.[77] Their ancestors were Black Americans who, after being expelled from Liberia, illegally immigrated to Israel in the late 1960s using tourist visas, requesting that Israel provide them legal citizenship status. Israel granted their requests.[78] The African Hebrew Israelites, like the Haredim and most Israeli Arabs, are not required to serve in the military; however, some do.
Naturalized foreign workers
Some naturalized foreign workers and their children born in Israel, predominantly from the Philippines, Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal, Romania, China, Cyprus, Thailand, and South America (mainly Colombia).
Non-citizens
African migrantsScript error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
The number and status of African migrants in Israel is disputed and controversial, but it is estimated that at least 70,000 refugees mainly from Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and the Ivory Coast reside and work in Israel. A count in late 2011 published in Ynet pointed out the number only in Tel Aviv is 40,000, which represents 10 percent of the city's population. The vast majority live in the southern parts of the city. There is a significant population in the southern Israeli cities of Eilat, Arad, and Beersheba.
Foreign workersScript error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". There are around 300,000 foreign workers, residing in Israel under temporary work visas, including Palestinians. Most of those foreign workers engage in agriculture and construction. The main groups of those foreign workers include the Chinese, Thai, Filipinos,[79] Nigerians, Romanians, and Latin Americans.
Other refugees
Approximately 100–200 refugees from Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraqi Kurdistan, and North Korea were absorbed in Israel as refugees. Most of them were also given Israeli resident status, and currently reside in Israel.[80] As of 2006, some 200 ethnic Kurdish refugees from Turkey resided in Israel as illegal immigrants, fleeing the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[81]
Languages
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". According to a 2011 survey of Israelis over 20 years of age conducted by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 49% report Hebrew as their native language, Arabic 18%, Russian 15%, Yiddish 2%, French 2%, English 2%, Spanish 1.6%, and 10% other languages (including Romanian, and Amharic, which were not offered as answers by the survey). The study also noted that 90% of Israeli Jews and over 60% of Israeli Arabs have a good understanding of Hebrew.[82]
Religion
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According to a 2010 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics study[83] of Israeli Jews aged over 18:
While the ultra-Orthodox, or Haredim, represented only 5% of Israel's population in 1990,[84] they are expected to represent more than one-fifth of Israel's Jewish population by 2028.[85] By 2022, Haredim were 13.3% of the population and enumerated 1,280,000.[86][87]
| Group | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Jews | 6,697,000 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Muslims | 1,605,700 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Christians | 180,400 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Druze | 143,000 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
| Other/unknown | 394,900 | <templatestyles src="Percentage bar/styles.css"/> |
Education
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Education between ages 5 and 15 is compulsory. It is not free, but it is subsidized by the government, individual organizations (such as the Beit Yaakov System), or a combination. Parents are expected to participate in courses as well. The school system is organized into kindergartens, 6-year primary schools, and either 6-year secondary schools or 3-year junior secondary schools + 3-year senior secondary schools (depending on region), after which a comprehensive examination is offered for university admissions.
Literacy
Age 15 and over can read and write (2011 estimate):[90]
- Total population: 97.8%
- Male: 98.7%
- Female: 96.8%
Policy
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Israel is the thirtieth-most-densely-crowded country in the world. In an academic article, Jewish National Fund Board member Daniel Orenstein, argues that, as elsewhere, overpopulation is a stressor on the environment in Israel; he shows that environmentalists have conspicuously failed to consider the impact of population on the environment, and argues that overpopulation in Israel has not been appropriately addressed for ideological reasons.[91][92]
Citizenship and Entry Law
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law (Temporary Order) 5763 was first passed on 31 July 2003, and has since been extended until 31 July 2008. The law places age restrictions for the automatic granting of Israeli citizenship and residency permits to spouses of Israeli citizens, such that spouses who are inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza Strip are ineligible. On 8 May 2005, the Israeli ministerial committee for issues of legislation once again amended the Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law, to restrict citizenship and residence in Israel only to Palestinian men over the age of 35, and Palestinian women over the age of 25. Those in favor of the law say the law not only limits the possibility of the entrance of terrorists into Israel, but, as Ze'ev Boim asserts, allows Israel "to maintain the state's democratic nature, but also its Jewish nature" (i. e., its Jewish demographic majority).[93] Critics, including the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination,[94] say the law disproportionately affects Arab citizens of Israel, since Arabs in Israel are far more likely to have spouses from the West Bank and Gaza Strip than other Israeli citizens.[95]
In the constitutional challenges to the Citizenship and Entry to Israel Law, the state, represented by the Attorney General, insisted that security was the only objective behind the law. The state also added that even if the law was intended to achieve demographic objectives, it is still in conformity with Israel's Jewish and democratic definition, and thus constitutional. In a 2012 ruling by the Supreme Court on the issue, some of the judges on the panel discussed demography, and were inclined to accept that demography is a legitimate consideration in devising family reunification policies that violate the right to family life.[96]
Vital statistics
Template:Sticky-headerTemplate:Sort underTemplate:Table alignment
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate (per 1,000) | Crude death rate (per 1,000) | Natural change (per 1,000) | Crude migration rate (per 1,000) | Total fertility rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 1,370,000 | 43,431 | 8,700 | 34,731 | 34.1 | 6.8 | 27.3 | 4.52 | |
| 1951 | 1,578,000 | 50,542 | 9,866 | 40,676 | 34.3 | 6.7 | 27.6 | 104.2 | 4.45 |
| 1952 | 1,630,000 | 52,556 | 11,666 | 40,890 | 32.8 | 7.3 | 25.5 | 6.4 | 4.32 |
| 1953 | 1,669,000 | 52,552 | 10,916 | 41,636 | 31.9 | 6.6 | 25.3 | -1.9 | 4.21 |
| 1954 | 1,718,000 | 48,951 | 11,328 | 37,623 | 28.9 | 6.7 | 22.2 | 6.3 | 4.11 |
| 1955 | 1,789,000 | 50,686 | 10,532 | 40,154 | 28.9 | 6.0 | 22.9 | 16.8 | 4.03 |
| 1956 | 1,872,000 | 52,287 | 12,025 | 40,262 | 28.6 | 6.6 | 22.0 | 22.3 | 3.96 |
| 1957 | 1,976,000 | 53,940 | 12,487 | 41,453 | 28.0 | 6.5 | 21.5 | 31.1 | 3.92 |
| 1958 | 2,032,000 | 52,649 | 11,615 | 41,034 | 26.3 | 5.8 | 20.5 | 7.8 | 3.88 |
| 1959 | 2,089,000 | 54,604 | 12,056 | 42,548 | 26.5 | 5.9 | 20.6 | 6.7 | 3.86 |
| 1960 | 2,150,000 | 56,002 | 12,053 | 43,949 | 26.4 | 5.7 | 20.7 | 7.7 | 3.84 |
| 1961 | 2,234,000 | 54,869 | 12,663 | 42,206 | 25.0 | 5.8 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 3.84 |
| 1962 | 2,332,000 | 56,356 | 13,701 | 42,655 | 24.7 | 6.0 | 18.7 | 23.3 | 3.83 |
| 1963 | 2,430,000 | 59,491 | 14,425 | 45,066 | 25.0 | 6.1 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 3.82 |
| 1964 | 2,526,000 | 63,544 | 15,491 | 48,053 | 25.6 | 6.3 | 19.3 | 18.7 | 3.81 |
| 1965 | 2,598,000 | 66,146 | 16,261 | 49,885 | 25.8 | 6.3 | 19.5 | 8.2 | 3.99 |
| 1966 | 2,657,000 | 67,148 | 16,582 | 50,566 | 25.6 | 6.3 | 19.3 | 2.9 | 3.80 |
| 1967 | 2,776,000 | 64,980 | 17,463 | 47,517 | 23.9 | 6.4 | 17.5 | 25.4 | 3.80 |
| 1968 | 2,841,000 | 69,911 | 18,689 | 51,222 | 24.9 | 6.7 | 18.2 | 4.7 | 3.81 |
| 1969 | 2,930,000 | 73,666 | 19,767 | 53,899 | 25.5 | 6.9 | 18.6 | 11.8 | 3.81 |
| 1970 | 3,022,000 | 80,843 | 21,234 | 59,609 | 27.2 | 7.1 | 20.1 | 10.3 | 3.82 |
| 1971 | 3,121,000 | 85,899 | 21,415 | 64,484 | 28.0 | 7.0 | 21.0 | 10.7 | 3.81 |
| 1972 | 3,225,000 | 85,544 | 22,719 | 62,825 | 27.0 | 7.2 | 19.8 | 12.4 | 3.80 |
| 1973 | 3,338,000 | 88,545 | 23,054 | 65,491 | 27.0 | 7.0 | 20.0 | 13.9 | 3.77 |
| 1974 | 3,422,000 | 93,166 | 24,135 | 69,031 | 27.6 | 7.1 | 20.5 | 4.0 | 3.72 |
| 1975 | 3,493,000 | 95,628 | 24,600 | 71,028 | 27.7 | 7.1 | 20.6 | -0.3 | 3.68 |
| 1976 | 3,575,000 | 98,763 | 24,012 | 74,751 | 27.9 | 6.8 | 21.1 | 1.8 | 3.59 |
| 1977 | 3,653,000 | 95,315 | 24,951 | 70,364 | 26.4 | 6.9 | 19.5 | 1.9 | 3.51 |
| 1978 | 3,738,000 | 92,602 | 25,153 | 67,449 | 25.1 | 6.8 | 18.3 | 4.4 | 3.28 |
| 1979 | 3,836,000 | 93,710 | 25,700 | 68,010 | 24.7 | 6.8 | 17.9 | 7.6 | 3.21 |
| 1980 | 3,922,000 | 94,321 | 26,364 | 67,957 | 24.3 | 6.8 | 17.5 | 4.4 | 3.14 |
| 1981 | 3,978,000 | 93,308 | 26,085 | 67,223 | 23.6 | 6.6 | 17.0 | -2.9 | 3.06 |
| 1982 | 4,064,000 | 96,695 | 27,780 | 68,915 | 24.0 | 6.9 | 17.1 | 4.1 | 3.12 |
| 1983 | 4,119,000 | 98,724 | 27,731 | 70,993 | 24.0 | 6.7 | 17.3 | -3.9 | 3.14 |
| 1984 | 4,200,000 | 98,478 | 27,805 | 70,673 | 23.3 | 6.6 | 16.7 | 2.6 | 3.13 |
| 1985 | 4,266,000 | 99,376 | 28,093 | 71,283 | 23.1 | 6.5 | 16.6 | -1.1 | 3.12 |
| 1986 | 4,331,000 | 99,341 | 29,415 | 69,926 | 22.7 | 6.7 | 16.0 | -1.0 | 3.09 |
| 1987 | 4,407,000 | 99,022 | 29,244 | 69,778 | 22.2 | 6.6 | 15.6 | 1.6 | 3.05 |
| 1988 | 4,477,000 | 100,454 | 29,176 | 71,278 | 22.2 | 6.4 | 15.8 | -0.2 | 3.06 |
| 1989 | 4,560,000 | 100,757 | 28,580 | 72,177 | 22.1 | 6.3 | 15.8 | 2.4 | 3.03 |
| 1990 | 4,822,000 | 103,349 | 28,734 | 74,615 | 22.0 | 6.1 | 15.9 | 38.4 | 3.02 |
| 1991 | 5,059,000 | 105,725 | 31,266 | 74,459 | 21.4 | 6.3 | 15.1 | 31.7 | 2.91 |
| 1992 | 5,196,000 | 110,062 | 33,327 | 76,735 | 21.5 | 6.5 | 15.0 | 11.4 | 2.93 |
| 1993 | 5,328,000 | 112,330 | 33,000 | 79,330 | 21.3 | 6.3 | 15.0 | 9.8 | 2.92 |
| 1994 | 5,472,000 | 114,543 | 33,535 | 81,008 | 21.2 | 6.2 | 15.0 | 11.3 | 2.90 |
| 1995 | 5,612,000 | 116,886 | 35,348 | 81,538 | 21.1 | 6.4 | 14.7 | 10.2 | 2.88 |
| 1996 | 5,758,000 | 121,333 | 34,664 | 86,669 | 21.3 | 6.1 | 15.2 | 10.2 | 2.94 |
| 1997 | 5,900,000 | 124,478 | 36,124 | 88,354 | 21.4 | 6.2 | 15.2 | 8.9 | 2.93 |
| 1998 | 6,041,000 | 130,080 | 36,955 | 93,125 | 21.8 | 6.2 | 15.6 | 7.7 | 2.98 |
| 1999 | 6,209,000 | 131,936 | 37,291 | 94,645 | 21.6 | 6.1 | 15.5 | 11.6 | 2.94 |
| 2000 | 6,369,000 | 136,390 | 37,688 | 98,702 | 21.7 | 6.0 | 15.7 | 9.4 | 2.95 |
| 2001 | 6,509,000 | 136,636 | 37,186 | 99,450 | 21.2 | 5.8 | 15.4 | 6.1 | 2.89 |
| 2002 | 6,631,000 | 139,535 | 38,415 | 101,120 | 21.2 | 5.8 | 15.4 | 3.0 | 2.89 |
| 2003 | 6,748,000 | 144,936 | 38,499 | 106,437 | 21.7 | 5.8 | 15.9 | 1.4 | 2.95 |
| 2004 | 6,870,000 | 145,207 | 37,938 | 107,269 | 21.3 | 5.6 | 15.7 | 2.1 | 2.90 |
| 2005 | 6,991,000 | 143,913 | 39,038 | 104,875 | 20.8 | 5.6 | 15.2 | 2.1 | 2.84 |
| 2006 | 7,117,000 | 148,170 | 38,765 | 109,405 | 21.0 | 5.5 | 15.5 | 2.2 | 2.88 |
| 2007 | 7,244,000 | 151,679 | 40,081 | 111,598 | 21.1 | 5.5 | 15.6 | 1.9 | 2.90 |
| 2008 | 7,419,100 | 156,923 | 39,484 | 117,439 | 21.5 | 5.4 | 16.1 | 7.5 | 2.96 |
| 2009 | 7,552,000 | 161,042 | 38,812 | 122,230 | 21.5 | 5.2 | 16.3 | 1.3 | 2.96 |
| 2010 | 7,695,100 | 166,255 | 39,613 | 126,642 | 21.8 | 5.2 | 16.6 | 2.0 | 3.03 |
| 2011 | 7,836,600 | 166,296 | 40,889 | 125,407 | 21.4 | 5.3 | 16.1 | 2.0 | 3.00 |
| 2012 | 7,984,500 | 170,940 | 42,100 | 128,840 | 21.6 | 5.3 | 16.3 | 2.1 | 3.05 |
| 2013 | 8,134,500 | 171,444 | 41,683 | 129,761 | 21.3 | 5.2 | 16.1 | 2.3 | 3.03 |
| 2014 | 8,296,900 | 176,427 | 42,457 | 133,970 | 21.5 | 5.2 | 16.3 | 3.3 | 3.08 |
| 2015 | 8,463,400 | 178,723 | 44,507 | 134,216 | 21.3 | 5.3 | 16.0 | 3.6 | 3.09 |
| 2016 | 8,628,600 | 181,405 | 44,244 | 137,161 | 21.2 | 5.2 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 3.11 |
| 2017 | 8,797,900 | 183,648 | 44,923 | 138,725 | 21.1 | 5.2 | 15.9 | 3.3 | 3.11 |
| 2018 | 8,967,600 | 184,370 | 44,850 | 139,520 | 20.8 | 5.0 | 15.7 | 3.6 | 3.09 |
| 2019 | 9,140,500 | 182,016 | 46,328 | 135,688 | 20.1 | 5.1 | 15.0 | 4.3 | 3.01 |
| 2020 | 9,289,800 | 177,307 | 49,006 | 128,301 | 19.2 | 5.3 | 13.9 | 2.4 | 2.90 |
| 2021 | 9,453,000 | 185,040 | 50,984 | 134,056 | 19.7 | 5.4 | 14.3 | 5.4 | 3.00 |
| 2022 | 9,662,000 | 181,193 | 52,054 | 129,139 | 19.0 | 5.4 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 2.89 |
| 2023 | 9,915,000 | 178,724 | 49,977 | 128,747 | 18.6 | 5.2 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 2.85 |
| 2024 | 10,055,000 | 181,614 | 51,908 | 129,706 | 18.6 | 5.3 | 13.3 | 0.8 | 2.87 |
| 2025 | 10,177,000 | 183,705 | 50,911 | 132,794 | 18.6 | 5.2 | 13.4 | –1.3 | 2.86 |
Template:Col-float-begin Template:Chart Template:Col-float-break Template:Chart Template:Col-float-break Template:Chart Template:Col-float-end
Current vital statistics
| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| January-April 2025 | 58,426 | 18,857 | +39,569 |
| January-April 2026 | 58,880 | 17,257 | +41,623 |
| Difference | Increase +454 (+0.78%) | Template:Decreasepositive –1,600 (-8.49%) | Increase +2,054 |
| Source:[102] | |||
Migration
Immigration
In 2013 Israel had an estimated net migration rate of 1.81 migrant(s) per 1,000 population.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In 2024 and 2025, Israel experienced negative net migration: yerida was higher than aliyah.[103]
Immigrants by last country of residence in recent years (according to CBS):[104]
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- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^a The vast majority of immigrants from Ethiopia come as part of a family reunification program, as opposed to the Law of Return. They are therefore not counted as olim for a given year by the Central Bureau of Statistics
Immigration from the USSR
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". During the 1970s about 163,000 people of Jewish descent immigrated to Israel from the USSR.
Later Ariel Sharon, in his capacity as Minister of Housing & Construction and member of the Ministerial Committee for Immigration & Absorption, launched an unprecedented large-scale construction effort to accommodate the new Russian population in Israel so as to facilitate their smooth integration and encourage further Jewish immigration as an ongoing means of increasing the Jewish population of Israel.[105] Between 1989 and 2006, about 979,000 Jews emigrated from the former Soviet Union to Israel.
Emigration
For many years definitive data on Israeli emigration was unavailable.[106] In The Israeli Diaspora sociologist Stephen J. Gold maintains that calculation of Jewish emigration has been a contentious issue, explaining, "Since Zionism, the philosophy that underlies the existence of the Jewish state, calls for return home of the world's Jews, the opposite movement—Israelis leaving the Jewish state to reside elsewhere—clearly presents an ideological and demographic problem."[107]
In the past several decades, emigration (yerida) has seen a considerable increase. From 1990 to 2005, 230,000 Israelis left the country; a large proportion of these departures included people who initially immigrated to Israel and then reversed their course (48% of all post-1990 departures and even 60% of 2003 and 2004 departures were former immigrants to Israel). 8% of Jewish immigrants in the post-1990 period left Israel, while 15% of non-Jewish immigrants did. In 2005 alone, 21,500 Israelis left the country and had not yet returned at the end of 2006; among them 73% were Jews, 5% Arabs, and 22% "Others" (mostly non-Jewish immigrants, with Jewish ancestry, from USSR). At the same time, 10,500 Israelis came back to Israel after over one year abroad; 84% were Jews, 9% Others, and 7% Arabs.[108]
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, as of 2005, 650,000 Israelis had left the country for over one year and not returned. Of them, 530,000 are still alive today. This number does not include the children born overseas. It should also be noted that Israeli law grants citizenship only to the first generation of children born to Israeli emigrants.
Health
HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate
- 0.2% (2009 est.)
Obesity – adult prevalence rate
- 26% of women and 40% of men are overweight. In both genders, obesity rate is 15% (as of 2011).[109]
Future projections
In June 2013, the Central Bureau of Statistics released a demographic report, projecting that Israel's population would grow to 11.4 million by 2035, with the Jewish population numbering 8.3 million, or 73% of the population, and the Arab population at 2.6 million, or 23%. This includes some 2.3 million Muslims (20% of the population), 185,000 Druze, and 152,000 Christians. The report predicts that the Israeli population growth rate will decline to 1.4% annually, with growth in the Muslim population remaining higher than the Jewish population until 2035, at which point the Jewish population will begin growing the fastest.[110]
In 2017, the Central Bureau of Statistics projected that Israel's population would rise to about 18 million by 2059, including 14.4 million Jews and 3.6 million Arabs. Of the Jewish population, about 5.25 million would be Haredi. Overall, the forecast projected that 49% of the population would be either Haredi Jews (29%) or Arabs (20%).[111] It also projected a population of 20 million in 2065.[112] Jews and other non-Arabs are expected to compose 81% of the population in 2065, and Arabs 19%. About 32% of the population is expected to be Haredi.[113]
Other forecasts project that Israel could have a population as high as 23 million, or even 36 million, by 2050.[114]
See also
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References
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- ↑ הודעות לעיתונות Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Cbs.gov.il. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ a b c Figure calculated from other sourced figures in table
- ↑ Derived from total CBS Population of Israel 31-Dec-2023 minus estimates for East Jerusalem Israelis and non-Israeli Palestinians, minus Golan Heights, minus 1/1/24 estimate of settlers in Area C
- ↑ a b BBC News. Regions and territories: The Golan Heights.
- ↑ a b United Nations. Security Council Resolutions, 1981.
- ↑ a b Council on Foreign Relations. UN Security Council Resolution 497.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c "Total" and "Jewish/Other" figures from Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. From this number subtract 18,982 Arabs who have Israeli citizenship, viz. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". East Jerusalem consists of Areas 2111–2911, all of Quarters 1, 4, and 16; in Quarter 5 Giv'at Shapira (French Hill), Ramat Eshkol, Giv'at Hamivtar and Ma'alot Dafna (but not Shmuel Hanavi), and in Quarter 13 East Talpiot.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b c d Gaza Strip and West Bank (except Jerusalem) estimate for mid-2023 as per Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Subtract a further est. 300,000 from the West Bank number which is the est. no. of Palestinians living in Area C under full Israeli control.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b הדמוגרפיה של ישראל 2023: ירידות בפריון, בהגירה ובתמותה
- ↑ ירושלים של מיליון: רק שני שלישים מתושבי הבירה לוקחים חלק בכוח העבודה
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/Pages/2025/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%92-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%9F-2025.aspx
- ↑ https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/Pages/2026/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%92-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%9F-2026.aspx
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Live Births, by Population Group and Religion of Mother (by year)
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., About the Atlas, Atlas Data, Chapter 3: Israel in the 70th Year of Independence (2018), Figures 3.13 and 3.14
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Joyce M. Davis. Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter. Catholic Near East Welfare Association.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Nechemia Meyers (1995). "Peace to all nations – Baha'is Establish Israel's Second Holy Mountain". The World & I. Retrieved 5 March 2015
- ↑ Donald H. Harrison (3 April 1998). "The Fourth Faith". Jewish Sightseeing (Haifa, Israel). Retrieved 5 March 2015
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Daniel Orenstein and Steven Hamburg."The JNF's Assault on the Negev" Script error: No such module "webarchive".; The Jerusalem Report, 28 November 2005
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Henry Kamm. "Israeli emigration inspires anger and fear;" The New York Times 4 January 1981
- ↑ Stephen J. Gold. The Israeli Diaspora; Routledge 2002, p.8
- ↑ ICBS 2005 departures and returns Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Cbs.gov.il. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ Statistilite 133 – Women & Men in Israel – 1990–2011 Script error: No such module "webarchive"., on cbs.gov.il
- ↑ Peering into the crystal ball: How Israel will look, statistically, in 2035 – Haaretz
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Further reading
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- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Book review by John Waterbury.
- Videos of academic lectures posted on the official YouTube VOD (video on demand) channel of Tel Aviv University:
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore (28 min)
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore (16 min)
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore (31 min)
External links
- Script error: No such module "Official website".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". of the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
- Population of Israel by the Tourism Ministry
- Israel. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Issues in Israeli Society Script error: No such module "webarchive". at the Jewish Agency for Israel
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